• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect that muscle activity of upper extremity and functional test in the case of the stroke patient by using the feedback mirror therapy. Sixteen subjects were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. one group was trained feedback mirror therapy and other group was action observation training. This process was carried out five times a week for eight weeks. To upper extremity test was used to MFT, FMA and in order to test UT, DM, BB, FCR, ECRL used to muscle activity. After the training, exclude FCR an upper extremity motor function of target showed significant difference between two groups and especially an experimental group showed significant muscle activity and MFT, FMA score improvement of UT, DM, BB, ECRL. Therefore, feedback mirror therapy is more upper extremity motor function and muscle activity improvement effect than action observation training.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 2016

Background: Progressed tissue culture techniques have allowed us to easily obtain mass products of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng over 100 yr old (TCMG-100). We investigated the effects of TCMG-100 extract on erectile function using in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: To examine the relaxation effects and mechanisms of action of TCMG-100 on rabbit cavernosal strips evaluated in an organ bath. To investigate the long-term treatment effect of TCMG-100, 8-wk administration was performed. After administration of TCMG-100, intracavernosal pressure, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitric oxide (NO) levels of cavernosal tissue, serum testosterone level, histological observation of collagen fiber, endothelium, smooth muscle cell, and transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ were investigated. Results: TCMG-100 extract displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit corporal smooth muscle. The TCMG-100-induced relaxation was significantly reduced by removing the endothelium, and treatment with an NO synthase inhibitor or NO scavenger. Eight weeks of TCMG-100 administration increased intracavernosal pressure in a rat model. The levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and NO in the corpus callosum and serum testosterone level were also increased by TCMG-100 treatment. Furthermore, histological evaluation of collagen, smooth muscle, and endothelium showed increases in endothelium and smooth muscle, and a decrease in transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ expression. Conclusion: These relaxation effects on corporal smooth muscle and increased erectile function suggest that TCMG-100 might be used as an alternative herbal medicine to improve erectile function.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2019

Objective: To examine the regulatory effects of exercise on myokine expression in horse skeletal muscle cells, we compared the expression of several myokine genes (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 2 [CXCL2], and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4 [CCL4]) after a single bout of exercise in horses. Furthermore, to establish in vitro systems for the validation of exercise effects, we cultured horse skeletal muscle cells and confirmed the expression of these genes after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Methods: The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 after exercise in skeletal muscle tissue was confirmed using quantitative-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). We then extracted horse muscle cells from the skeletal muscle tissue of a neonatal Thoroughbred. Myokine expression after hydrogen peroxide treatments was confirmed using qRT-PCR in horse skeletal muscle cells. Results: IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 expression in Thoroughbred and Jeju horse skeletal muscles significantly increased after exercise. We stably maintained horse skeletal muscle cells in culture and confirmed the expression of the myogenic marker, myoblast determination protein (MyoD). Moreover, myokine expression was validated using hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated horse skeletal muscle cells. The patterns of myokine expression in muscle cells were found to be similar to those observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusion: We confirmed that several myokines involved in inflammation were induced by exercise in horse skeletal muscle tissue. In addition, we successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells and established an in vitro system to validate associated gene expression and function. This study will provide a valuable system for studying the function of exercise-related genes in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise using electric stimulation and biofeedback on maximum pressure of vaginal contraction, vaginal contraction duration and sexual function in women who have had vaginal rejuvenation. Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design study. Participants in this study were women who had vaginal rejuvenation at C obstetrics and gynecology hospital. The 15 participants in the experimental group were given pelvic floor muscle exercise using electric stimulation and biofeedback and the 15 participants in the control group received self pelvic floor muscle exercise. Results: For maximum pressure of vaginal contraction, the experimental group showed a statistically significant increase compared to than the control group (t=5.96, p <.001). For vaginal contraction duration, the experimental group also showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (t=3.23, p =.003). For women' s sexual function, the experimental group showed a significant increase when compared to the control group in total sexual function scores (t=3.41, p =.002). Conclusion: The results indicate that pelvic floor muscle exercise with electric stimulation and biofeedback after vaginal rejuvenation is effective in strengthening vaginal contraction pressure, vaginal contraction and that it also positively functions to increase women's sexual function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated effects of deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercises on pulmonary function and the ability to balance in stroke patients and was conducted to propose an exercise program for improving cardiovascular function. Methods: Study subjects were 20 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke, who were divided into the deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercise group (experimental group), 10, and the control group, 10. Pulmonary function tests measured FVC and FEV1, dynamic balance ability was measured using TUG. Static and dynamic balance ability was measured using BBS. The experimental group performed exercises during a period of 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 40 minutes, whereas the control group did not participate in regular exercise. The difference before and after the exercise was compared using paired t-test, difference in exercise before and after between groups was ANCOVA and level of significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The changes in FVC and FEV1 within the group showed a significant difference only in the experimental group (p<0.001) (p<0.01), between-group difference was statistically significant only in FVC and FEV1 changes in the experimental group (p<0.001). The TUG changes within the group showed a significant difference in the experimental group and control group (p<0.001) (p<0.05), while BBS changes showed a significant difference only in the experimental group. Between-group difference was statistically significant only in TUG and BBS changes in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a more effective significant difference than the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Can exercise involving a deep abdominal muscle strengthening program be applied in patients with stroke with difficulty in control of trunk and decreased breathing ability?

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the correlation between the pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strengthening training on an unstable support surface and a stable support surface in stroke patients. METHODS: The study subjects were 22 stroke patients undergoing central nervous system developmental rehabilitation treatment. After excluding six dropouts, eight people in the experimental group and eight people in the control groups were classified by random sampling. Both groups performed central nervous system developmental rehabilitation therapy and were provided a 10-minute break. The experimental group was provided with an unstable support surface using Togu, and the control group was trained to strengthen the respiratory muscle in a stable support surface. Respiratory muscle strengthening training was conducted three times per week for 20 minutes. Before and after each group of experiments, a nonparametric test Wilcoxon signed rank test, and a Mann Whitney U-test analysis were used to analyze the variations between the two groups. All statistical significance levels (α) were set at 0.05. RESULTS: Both groups showed increases in the pulmonary function but showed significant differences only in the experimental group. There was a significant difference in the peak expiratory flow between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Central nervous system development rehabilitation treatment for patients with an impaired nervous system and respiratory muscle strengthening training on unstable support surfaces are effective in improving the pulmonary function of stroke patients. Therefore, they are expected to be applied to physical therapy programs to help various functional activities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-109
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in physical and cognitive function according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living in stroke patients. Design: Retrospective study. Method: This study is a retrospective study analyzing medical records. This study utilized data collected from 123 stroke patients at admission in a local rehabilitation hospital between 2019 and 2022. Stroke patients were classified into 5 groups based on the scores of the Korean Modified Barthel index (K-MBI) evaluated at the time of hospitalization at a rehabilitation hospital, and investigated the change in physical (spasticity (modified Ashworth scale), muscle strength (manual muscle test), gait ability (functional ambulation category), upper extremity function (manual function test), and balance function (berg balance scale)) and cognitive function (Korean mini mental status examination) according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living. Result:: As a results, significant differences were observed in the physical (muscle strength, gait ability, upper extremity and balance functions) and cognitive functions of stroke patients according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in upper and lower extremities spasticity. Conclusions: Through the results of this study, we found that the physical (muscle strength, gait ability, upper extremity and balance functions) and cognitive function were influenced by the level of independence in performing activities of daily living in stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2013

Purpose : We intend to make the study date for an effect of therapy by comparing the functional level both before and after conducting handwriting training and strength training as a part of treatment to improve muscle strength and function of the patient's non-dominant hand. Method : 8 subjects in writing training group conducted hand writing training 30 minutes at once and three times a week for 4 weeks in total 12 times, and 8 subjects in muscle training group conducted muscle training program of putty and Rolyan ergonomic hand exerciser for 15 minutes respectively in sum up 30 minutes at once and three times a week for 4 weeks in total 12 times. 8 subjects in control group are not applied any training for 4 weeks. Results : It was much more effective in handwriting training than muscle strength training by Grooved pegboard because this study showed the speed decrease from 67.11 to 58.26 seconds in handwriting compared with muscle strength training which showed 5.22 seconds decrease from 67.54 to 62.32(P<.05). It showed about 1.34 muscle strength improvement from 6.60 to 7.94 in handwriting training and 0.92 improvement of muscle strength from 7.04 to 7.96 in muscle strength training by 3-jaw chuck pinch, so handwriting training was more effective(P<.05). It showed 11.58 seconds decrease in handwriting training from 26.62 to 18.01 seconds and 10.93 seconds decrease from 27.43 to 16.50 seconds in muscle strength training, so it was significantly shortened both in handwriting and muscle strength training(P<.05). Conclusion : Dexterity, muscle strength, and handwriting ability of non-dominant hand could improve both the handwriting training and the muscle strength training.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

Purpose: Most of the bilateral structures in our body are not perfectly balanced, such that one side is preferred than the other or it has physiological superiority. Eyes also have an imbalance; the eye with sensory and motional superiority compared to the other is called dominant eye. Authors of this study focused on analyzing the correlation between the dominant eye and levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Methods: The subject of this study was 42 patients with no ptosis and with no past history of blepharoplasty. Hand dominance was identified through questionnaire and dominant eye was identified by hole-in-the-card dominance test (Dolman's test) in all patients. The function of levator palpebrae superioris muscle was measured by MLD (marginal limbal distance). During the measuring procedure, frontalis muscle was not inhibited to avoid the eyelid skin hooding. Results: Out of 42 patients, 27 patients (64.3%) were right ocular dominant, 15 patients (35.7%) were left ocular dominant, 36 patients (85.7%) were right hand dominant and 4 patients (9.5%) were left hand dominant. Out of 27 right ocular dominant patients, right MLD was larger than the left in 26 patients (96.3%). It was larger in average of 0.47 mm (p<0.001) in 27 right ocular dominant patients. Also, left MLD was larger than the right in 11 patients (73.3%) out of 15 left ocular dominant patients. It was larger in average of 0.57 mm (p=0.003) in 27 left ocular dominant patients. MLD on the side of the dominant eye was larger in average of 0.50 mm (p<0.001) than the MLD of non-dominant eye side. Right MLD was larger than the left in average of 0.28mm (p=0.010) in right hand dominant patients, and left MLD was larger than the right in average of 1.15 mm (p=0.025) in left hand dominant patients. Conclusion: The function of levator palpebrae muscle differs in right and left, and the difference correlates with the dominant eye. Also, the function of levator palpebrae muscle is stronger in the dominant eye. We were able to present statistical evidence regarding the difference of the function in right and left levator palpebrae muscle. This may be a factor worth consideration in terms of balancing the eyes during the blepharoplasty.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was intended to examine the effects of electroacupuncture and therapeutic exercise on muscle atrophy and exercise function in an ischemic stroke model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: This study selected 120 Sprangue-Dawley rats, 8-week of age, divided them into six groups, and assigned 5 rats to each group. Experiments were conducted for 1, 3 days, 1, and 8 weeks, respectively. Group I was a group of electroacupuncture and therapeutic exercise after inducing ischemic stroke; Group II was a group of therapeutic exercise after inducing ischemic stroke; Group III was a group of electroacupuncture after inducing ischemic stroke; Group IV was a sham group of electroacupuncture after inducing ischemic stroke; Group V was a control group and Group VI was a sham group without ischemic stroke. In each group, changes in weight of muscle and relative muscle of TA muscle, neurologic motor behavior test, histologic observations were observed and analyzed. Results: For the changes in muscle weight of unaffected and affected sides of TA muscle, muscle atrophy was seen in an affected side 3 days after ischemic stroke was induced. There was statistically significant difference in Group I 1 week and 8 weeks after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to Group V (p<0.05). For the changes in relative muscle weight of unaffected and affected sides of tibial anterior muscle, there was significant decrease in each group 3 days after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to Group IV, while there was statistically significant increase in Group I 1 week after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to Group V (p<0.05). For neuologic exercise behavior test, Group I generally had the highest score, compared to other groups. Conclusion: electroacupuncture and therapeutic exercise may improve muscle atrophy and change in histologic observations expression of ischemic stroke rats and contribute to the improvement of exercise function.