• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.465-469
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• 2008

Unusual yellowish-green intramuscular granulomatous lesions were found in a carcass of Hanwoo(slaughtered, 30 month old). Those were 1-3 mm in diameter, oval shaped, and paralleled with muscle fibers. Histologically, severe inflammation, eosinophilic granulomas and necrosis were observed in the muscle tissue. We also observed sarcocysts in the muscle cells. In a polymerase chain reaction, we identified 900bp length, sarcocystis specific fragment. It would be diagnosed as sarcocystosis in Hanwoo.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2003

In view of the importance of muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKMM) gene as a genetic factor for athletic performance, we investigate the relationship between elite athletic performance and two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (Ncol and Taql RFLPs) in the CKMM gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells of 98 unrelated male Korean elite athletes and 04 sedentary controls, respectively. Two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene were detected by the polymerase chain reaction and the digestion with restriction endonucleases, Ncol and Taql, respectively. There were no significant associations between two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene and elite athletic performance or clinical parameters in our subjects. Therefore, these findings suggest that two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene may not be useful as genetic markers to predict the athletic performance in male Koreans.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2001년도 학술 발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.24-24
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• 2001

The present study was undertaken to determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase participates in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction by endothelin-I (ET-1) in rat thoracic aorta. ET-1 induced a sustained contraction. In contrast, both the intracellular Ca$\^$2＋/ and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylations were not sustained.(omitted)

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activities of infraspinatus, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and triceps brachii in different supporting surface intervals during push-up exercise. Method : Subjects of the study were 18 healthy male students without any orthopedic or neurological injuries including neck and shoulder surgeries and can perform a push-up exercise required for the study. EMG was used to measure the muscle activities of four muscles. Result : There were statistically significant differences of all the muscles in three different supporting surface intervals(p<0.5). Muscle activity of upper trapezius was the highest(MVIC 39.40%) in the narrowest width and the lowest in the widest width. In infraspinatus, muscle activity was the highest(MVIC 36.23%) in the narrowest width and the lowest in the widest width. In serratus, muscle activity is the highest(MVIC 58.04%) in the widest width and the lowest in the narrowest width. In triceps brachii, muscle activity is the highest(MVIC 68.51%) in the widest width and the lowest in the narrowest width. Conclusion : Muscle activities are at the highest with the narrowest width in the upper trapezius and the infraspinatus. In the serratus and triceps brachii, however, muscle activities are at the highest with widest width.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency (VLCADD) leads to a defective 𝛽-oxidation, specifically during prolonged fasting, infection, or exercise. Patients with VLCADD usually suffer from cardiomyopathy, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hepatic dysfunction, exercise intolerance, muscle pain, and rhabdomyolysis, and sometimes succumb to sudden death. VLCADD is generally classified into three phenotypes: severe early-onset cardiac and multiorgan failure, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, and later-onset episodic myopathy. Diagnostic evaluation comprises acylcarnitine analysis, genetic analysis, and VLCAD activity assay. In the acylcarnitine analysis, the key metabolites are C14:1, C14:2, C14, and C12:1. A C14:1 level >1 mmol/L strongly suggests VLCADD. Various treatment recommendations are available for this condition. Dietary management includes decreasing fat content, increasing medium-chain triglyceride levels, and decreasing fasting periods. Supplementation with L-carnitine is controversial. Triheptanoin (a seven-carbon fatty acid triglyceride) treatment demonstrates improvement of cardiac functions. Bezafibrate may improve the quality of life of patients with VLCAD.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1590-1599
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them. Methods: The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Results: The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H₂O₂, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Conclusion: In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H₂O₂, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

The present study was undertaken to determine whether hypoxia influences on the agonist-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction and, if so, to investigate the related mechanism. The measurement of isometric contractions using a computerized data acquisition system was combined with molecular experiments. Hypoxia significantly inhibited fluoride-induced contraction regardless of endothelial function, but there was no relaxation on thromboxane $A_2$ mimetic U-46619-induced contraction suggesting that other pathway such as $Ca^{2+}$ entry or thin filament regulation was not affected. In addition, hypoxia significantly decreased fluoride-induced increase of phospho-myosin-targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (pMYPT1). Interestingly, hypoxia didn't inhibit significantly phenylephrine-induced contraction suggesting that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity or thin filament regulation is less important on the hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation in the denuded muscle than Rho-kinase activity. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence and possible related mechanism concerning the vasodilation effect of hypoxia on the agonist-specific contraction in rat aortic rings regardless of endothelial function.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trunk rotation type by wheel and axle. In order to analysis, 3D-motion analysis and electromyography were conducted on kinematic variables, impulse, average-EMG and integrated-EMG. Twelve healthy (age: $21.8{\pm}2.2$ yrs, height: $175.4{\pm}5.0cm$, weight: $66.7{\pm}6.4kg$) participated in the experiment. The results were as follows; in hand's velocity and acceleration, wheel and axial rotating movement using kinematic chain(type 3) were much faster. In impulse, type 3 was much stronger. In average-EMG, right and left, latissimus dorsi muscles was much stronger. In integrated-EMG, left erector spinae, right/left latissimus dorsi, and left external oblique muscles was much stronger. These results considered that, in the trunk rotation utilizing the kinematic chains action, latissimus dorsi muscles highly contribute to the muscle utilization that makes the rotating movement maximally effective.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2019

Most athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures undergo a surgical ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and rehabilitation. On the other hand, controversy still exists because neither a reconstruction nor rehabilitation have been proven to be superior in the management of ACL injury. This study reviewed the success rates of interventions to provide recommendations for the optimal management after an ACL injury. One of the most important considerations after an ACL injury is the timing and type of intervention. At the early stages, which involve the loss of volume and strength of quadriceps femoral muscle, weight bearing (closed kinetic chain) exercises with pain management followed by high velocity resistance exercises in an open kinetic chain environment are recommended to improve the quadriceps function. After that, it is important to apply intensive isokinetic exercise with a lower extension rate. In this case, it is important to apply overload to the muscles and to simultaneously lead the co-contraction of the hamstrings. Standards are essential because the timing and type of interventions are crucial to prevent re-injury and complications, such as osteoarthritis, as well as to confirm the successful outcome of the treatment. Different interventions recommended for ACL damage have yet to reach consensus. Further studies will be needed to observe the effects of the intervention through multidisciplinary approaches.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.355-361
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• 1997

We have screened available chromosomal deficiencies on the X chromosome for genetic loci whose zygotic expression is required for body-wall muscle development during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Previously, it had been reported that no sign of muscle development was detected in nullo-X embryos arrested at an early stage of embryogenesis. Based on this observation, it has been suggested that genetic loci exist on the X chromosome whose zygotic expression is essential for body-wall muscle formation. In order to identify such myogenic loci, 9 chromosomal deficiencies covering approximately 45% of the X chromosome have been tested. Homozygous embryos from these deficiency strains were collected and terminal phenotypes of arrested embryos were observed by Nomarski microscopy. As a secondary assay, monoclonal antibodies against two myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, the products of the myo-3 and unc-54 genes, were used to detect body-wall muscle differentiation. All the homozygous deficiency embryos were positively stained with both MHC antibodies and muscle twitching movement was observed in most cases. Combined with previously analyzed deficiencies, our deficiency screen has covered approximately 70% of the X chromosome. We conclude that the regions covered by the available deficiencies on the X chromosome do not include any myogenic locus required for body-wall muscle formation. Alternatively, the possibility that nullo-X embryo may not form body-wall muscle due to a general failure to differentiate during embryogenesis remains to be tested.