• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2024

Purpose: In-hospital cardiac arrest is rare, but often results in high mortality rates. Early and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for survival and nurses are often the first responders. This study aimed to investigate how inter-professional attitudes and educational burdens affect self-efficacy related to CPR performance following team-based CPR simulation training. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed data from a satisfaction survey conducted after team-based CPR training sessions between January and November 2022. Of the 454 nurses surveyed, 238 were included in the study after excluding those with ambiguous responses. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess factors influencing CPR self-efficacy. The factors examined included inter-professional attitudes and educational burden. Results: Higher levels of inter-professional attitudes, particularly regarding teamwork roles and responsibilities, lower educational burden, and a positive perception of CPR competence were all associated with improved CPR-related self-efficacy. Participants who reported higher engagement in teamwork, lower task load, and greater confidence in their CPR abilities demonstrated higher self-efficacy in performing CPR. Conclusion: Enhancing the competencies of nurses who may act as initial responders in CPR situations within or outside hospital settings can help save lives and support public health.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1993

$K^+$통로는 기도 평활근 세포에 존재하며 이들 통로가 활성화되면 평활근의 과분극의 결과 이완작용이 나타난다. $K^+$통로의 이런 효과는 과민반응과 천식 치료에 응용될 수 있으므로 우리는 $K^+$통로 개방제인 cromakalim (BRL34915, CK)이 $IgG_1$ 항체로 감작시킨 기도 및 폐조직으로 부터 유리되는 매개체 유리에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 피동적으로 감작된 두 조직은 $2{\times}10^{-6}\;M$의 CK로 30분동안 superfusion시킨 후 CK와 항원 (Ox-HSA) 0.1 mg/ml로 자극하였다. 또한 비만세포를 이용하여 CK의 효과를 조사하였다. 해명 폐조직 비만세포는 효소에 의한 digestion method (monodispersed; 미분리 정제), count current elutriation에 의한 방법(partially purified; 부분분리정제), 그리고 discontinuous Percoll방법(highly purified; 순수분리정제)에 의해 순수 분리되었다. CK로 전처치한후, 피동적으로 감작된 비만세포는 OA와 CaI의 여러 농도에 의해 자극되었다. 유리된 Hist은 spectrophotofluorometry에 의해, LT는 면역방사법에 의해 측정되었다. CK 전처치는 $IgG_1$ 감작후 항원에 의해 자극된 기도 조직에서 Hist 유리량을 35%까지, LT 유리량은 40%까지 감소시켰으나 기도 평활근 수축력에는 반응을 나타내지 못하였다. 항원 유도 폐조직에 있어서 CK전처치는 Hist유리량을 25%까지 감소시켰으나 LT 유리에는 미약한 감소를 나타내었다. 해명의 미분리정제, 부분분리정제, 그리고 순수 분리 정제된 비만세포로부터 Hist과 LT은 면역자극(OA)이나 비면역자극(CaI)에 의해 농도 의존적으로 유리되었다. 비만세포에서 유리된 LT는 5-lipoxygenase억제제인 A64077에 의해서 억제됨이 확인되었다. CK전처치는 OA유도 및 CaI유도 해명 폐조직 비만세포에서 Hist과 LT 유리량을 20%까지 감소시켰다. $IgG_1$ 감작후 Ox-HSA유도 기도 평활근 조직이나 혹은 OA유도 및 CaI유도 비만세포에서 Hist과 LT유리에 미치는 CK의 억제효과는 TEA와 GBC에 의해 완전히 봉쇄되었다. 이상의 결과에서 폐조직 비만세포는 LT를 유리할 수 있는 세포로 간주되며, 기도 평활근 이완제로 알려져 있는 CK은 특수 항원 유도 기도 평활근조직에서 매개체 유리를 부분적으로 억제하며, CK은 또한 OA유도 및 CaI로 유도된 순수분리 정제된 비만세포에서 매개체 유리를 부분적으로 억제하는 것으로 보아 비만세포가 활성화시 야기되는 여러 생화학적 현상중에서 미약하나마 $K{^+}$통로가 관여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1109-1121
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• 2009

In an attempt to discover novel biomarker proteins in type 2 diabetes prognosis, we investigated the influence of hypoglycemic extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the macrofungus Tremella fuciformis on the differential levels of plasma proteins in ob/ob mice using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE analysis demonstrated that 92 spots from about 900 visualized spots were differentially regulated, of which 40 spots were identified as principal diabetes-associated proteins. By comparing control with EPS-fed mice, we found that at least six proteins were significantly altered in ob/ob mice, including Apo A-I, IV, C-III, E, retinol-binding protein 4, and transferrin, and their levels were interestingly normalized after EPS treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the altered levels of the two regulatory molecules highlighted in diabetes and obesity (e.g., resistin and adiponectin) were also normalized in response to EPS. The Mouse Diabetes PCR Array profiles showed that the expression of 84 genes related to the onset, development, and progression of diabetes were significantly downregulated in liver, adipocyte, and muscle of ob/ob mice. EPS might act as a potent regulator of gene expression for a wide variety of genes in ob/ob mice, particularly in obesity, insulin resistance, and complications from diabetes mellitus.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1974

The isolated rabbit gall bladder strips were prepared according to the technique described by Amer and Becvar (1969). The strips were placed in a bath containing 100 ml of Locke-Ringer solution maintained at $38^{\circ}C$. Oxygen was continuously bubbled through the solution. The tension of the muscle strip was initially adjusted to 0.7g. The contractile response was measured isometrically by a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. The effect of a number of autonomic drugs were studied for their interaction with caerulein (Prof. V. Erspamer, F.I. 6934 Caerulein, Farmitalia, Italia), a gastrin or CCK.PZ like peptide, on isolated rabbit gall bladder strips. In this preparation caerulein produced contractions of CCK-PZ type, but the relative potency on a weight basis was 40 times that of CCK-PZ. The response of caerulein was not modified by either cholinergic or alpha or beta adrenergic blockade. However, the response of caerulein and of barium on the strips were prevented by papaverine or aminophylline. Isoproterenol, papaverine or aminophylline alone relaxed the preparation whereas caerulein, CCK-PZ, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine or barium chloride contracted the preparation. In summary, it is concluded that caerulein on the gall bladder strip seems to act independently of the autonomic nervous system and mediated via mechanisms apparently similar to those involved in the action of barium chloride.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2006

The aim of present study was to investigate the possible influence of Rho-kinase inhibition on the plant-derived estrogen-like compounds-induced arterial relaxation. Agonist- or depolarization-induced vascular smooth muscle contractions involve the activation of Rho-kinase pathway. However there are no reports addressing the question whether this pathway is involved in genistein-or daidzein-induced vascular relaxation in rat aortae precontracted with phenylephrine or thromboxane $A_2$ mimetic U-46619. We hypothesized that Rho-kinase inhibition plays a role in vascular relaxation evoked by genistein or daidzein in rat aortae. Endothelium-intact and denuded arterial rings from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded using a computerized data acquisition system. Genistein concentration-dependently inhibited phenylephrine or thromboxane $A_2-induced$ contraction regardless of endothelial function. Surprisingly, in the agonists-induced contraction, similar results were also observed in aortae treated with daidzein, the inactive congener for protein tyrosine kinase inhibition, suggesting that Rho-kinase might act upstream of tyrosine kinases in phenylephrine-induced contraction. In conclusion, in the agonists-precontracted rat aortae, genistein and daidzein showed similar relaxant response regardless of tyrosine kinase inhibition or endothelial function.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate according to recovery methods after circuit weight training exercise. Fourteen men in their twenties were selected as subjects, and three sets of circuit weight training were performed by cycling six sports, and two recovery conditions (dynamic and static) were performed immediately after exercise. Changes in heart rate did not have an interactive effect according to recovery method and time, and both conditions showed significant changes between sets 1 and 2, and between sets 3 and after recovery. In this study, the high heart rate of 2 sets and 3 sets was seen as a result of exercise stimulation, and the low heart rate of 1 set was thought to be due to the decrease in vagus nerve activity rather than the role of catecholamines. On the other hand, the heart rate after 20 minutes of exercise did not show any difference according to the recovery method, which could mean that the recovery process due to the aquatic environment can act more strongly than the process of dynamic recovery and static recovery. It is thought that the characteristics affected the sensory and circulation of the body, and thus the change of the afferent signal and the level of metabolic products generated in the active muscle.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

항 대사물질 6-aminonicotinamide가 메추리 조직의 수용성 단백질, 유리 아미노산 및 단백질 가수분해효소에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 간(P<0.05), 심장(P<0.01), 흉부근육 조직(P<0.05)의 수용성 단백질의 함량은 대조군에 비해 현저히 감소하였다. 신장과 흉부근육 조직의 단백질 가수분해효소의 비활성도는 대조군에 비하여 현저히 감소하였다. 신장과 흉부근육 조직의 단백질 가수분해효소의 비활성도는 대조군에 비해 현저히 증가하였다. (P<0.05). 간(P<0.05)의 aspartic acid / asparagine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine의 농도는 대조군에 비해 증가하였다. 신장(P<0.05)의 acid / asparagine, alanine, threonine, alanine, proline과 lysine은 증가하였으나 glutamic acid / glutamine의 농도는 감소하였다. 심장에서는 glycine과 methionine 농도는 증가하였으나 glutamic acid / glutamine의 농도는 감소하였다. 흉부근육 조직에서는 arginine의 농도는 감소하였으나 (P<0.05) alanine과 threonine의 농도는 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 본 연구 결과는 항 대사물질인6-aminonicotinamide가 유리 아미노산의 농도를 증가시키므로써 기포 물질 대사에 필요한 에너지를 유지하는 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2004

Recent data have shown the importance of oxidative stresses in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. $H_2O_2$, reactive oxygen species (ROS) donor, has been reported to act as a signaling molecule involved in a variety of cellular functions such as apo/ptosis and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated viability of cultured ileal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) after stimulation with $H_2O_2$. Trypan blue method revealed that the cell viability of ISMC treated with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ was not different from that of controls at up to 2 h time point, while treatment of ISMC with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ for 48 h finally induced significant decrease in the cell viability. Therefore, we evaluated whether $H_2O_2$ was capable of ERKs activation in ISMC for the short-term exposure and examined whether tyrosine kinase was involved in the process of ERK activation by $H_2O_2$ in ISMC. We also investigated the effects of $H_2O_2$ on activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase in ISMC. Thus, ISMC were cultured and exposed to $H_2O_2$, and western blot analysis was performed with phosphospecific MAP kinase antibodies. Robust activation of ERK occurred within 30 min of 1 mM $H_2O_2$ treatment. $H_2O_2-induced$ ERK activation was attenuated by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, indicating that tyrosine kinase was probably involved in the ERK activation by $H_2O_2$. $H_2O_2$ was a moderate activator of SAPK/JNK, while p38 MAP kinase was not activated by $H_2O_2$. We suggest that ERK activation induced by short-term $H_2O_2$ treatment plays a critical role in cellular protection in the early stage of response to oxidative stress. The present study suggests the necessity of identification of MAPK signaling pathways affected by ROS, since it could ultimately elucidate cellular consequences involved in initiation and perpetuation of intestinal tissue damage in the diseases such as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, resulted from excessive ROS.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1986

The sufficient myoplasmic $Ca^{++}$ to react with the contractile proteins is necessary to induce contraction of a cardiac muscle. These $Ca^{++}$ for the production of muscle contraction are supplied from the three recognized $Ca^{++}$ sources; internal $Ca^{++}$ release via the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR), $Ca^{++}$ influx through a gated Ca-channel in the membrane as a Isi, and $Ca^{++}$ transport by the mechanism of Na/ca exchange. However, it is still controversial which $Ca^{++}$ sources act as a main contributor for myoplasmic $Ca^{++}$, Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to examine the $Ca^{++}$ sources for the contraction of frog ventricle. There is evidence that the SR is sparse in frog ventricular fibers, and that T-tubules are absent. Isolated ventricular strips of frog, Rana nigromaculata, were used in this experiment. Isometric tension was recorded by force transducer, and membrane potentials of ventricular muscles were measured through the intracellular glass microelectrodes, which were filled with 3M KCI and had resistance of $30{\pm}50M{\Omega}$. All experiments were performed at room temperature in a tris·buffered Ringer solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$. Isotonic high K, low Na solution was used to induce K-contracture, K-contracture appeared at the concentration of 20 to 30mM-KCI and was potentiated in parallel with the increase in KCI concentration. The contracture had two components: an initial rapid phasic and a subsequent slow tonic contractile responses. Membrane Potentials measured at normal Ringer solution(2.5mM KCI) was -90 to -100 mV, and decreased linearly as the KCI concentration increased; -55mV at 20mM.KCI, -45mV at 30 mM.KCI, -30 mY at 50 mM.KCI, and -12 mV at 100 mM.KCI. K-contracture was evoked firstly at the membrane potential of -45 mV. The contracture was potentiated by the increase of bathing extracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration. However, in the absence of $Ca^{++}$ the contracture was almost not induced by 50 mM.KCI solution. Caffeine(20mM) in normal Ringer solution, which is known to release $Ca^{++}$ from SR without substantial effects on the $Ca^{++}$ fluxes across the surface membrane, did not affect membrane potential and also not initiate contracture, but the caffeine in 20 mM-KCI Ringer solution produced a contracture. Above results suggest that the main $Ca^{++}$ source for the K·contracture of frog ventricle is $Ca^{++}$ influx through the voltage-dependent Ca-channel, and that in the K-contracture at the concentration of 100 mM-KCI, the mechanism of Na/ca exchange also partly contributs, in addition to the $Ca^{++}$ influx.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 여성 노인들을 대상으로 낙상자와 비낙상자 간 보행 시 하지의 국부적 안정성과 근 활동 양상을 후향성 접근을 통해 규명하고자 했다. 이를 위해 보행 시 낙상 경험이 있는 20명과 낙상 경험이 없는 20명이 선정되었다. 트레이드밀 보행 시 3차원 운동 캡쳐 시스템과 무선 근전도 장비를 이용해 운동학적 좌표와 근전도 신호를 수집했다. 운동좌표를 이용해 무릎과 발목 관절의 3차원 각 변위를 산출했으며, 이들의 국부적 안정성을 Lyapunov 지수를 통해 계산했다. 근 활성도는 근전도 신호를 이용해 대퇴직근과 대퇴이두근, 전경골근과 비복근을 살펴봤으며, 또한 이들의 동시 수축 지수를 정량화했다. 연구 결과 무릎 관절의 내·외전 움직임의 국부적 불안정성은 비낙상자 집단이 낙상자 집단보다 컸으며(p<.05), 전경골근의 근활성도는 낙상자 집단이 비낙상자 집단보다 적게 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 비복근과 전경골근의 동시 수축 지수는 낙상자 집단이 비낙상자 집단보다 컸다(p<.05). 그 밖에 낙상자 집단에서 비복근과 전경골근의 동시 수축 지수와 발목 관절의 굴신 움직임에 대한 국부적 안정성과는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.05). 따라서 보행 시 낙상을 예방하기 위해서는 무릎 관절의 내·외전 움직임에 관여하는 근들을 강화하고, 발목 관절의 굴신에 작용하는 비복근과 전경골근을 균형적으로 강화할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.