• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles in order to establish optimal contraction intensity and duration in the performance of relaxation techniques for maximal increase in range of motion. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2016. The search terms were "contract relax," "hold relax," "muscle energy technique (MET)," and "proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying intensity and duration of isometric contraction were included. Non-English language and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: A total of 2,156 articles were initially identified, with only five eventually meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three studies compared the effects of varying intensity in isometric contraction and two studies compared the effects of varying duration in isometric contraction with regard to range of motion (ROM). Two articles suggested that submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was more effective than maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the improvement of ROM. One article showed that a longer contraction time led to greater increases in ROM. Conclusion: Submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was recommended during contract-relax exercises in healthy people. Lack of evidence makes it difficult to suggest the optimal duration of isometric contraction during relaxation techniques. For future research, high-quality evidence will be needed to establish the optimal contraction intensity for maximum improvement of ROM.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was investigated to find the approach in the PNF and TC for frail elder Method : This is a literature study with books, articles, seminal note and books for PNF and TC international course. Result : Neural mechanisms contribute significantly to the gains that occur in the range of motion about a joint with stretching exercises. The participation in a stretch-training program decreases tonic reflex activity and increases flexibility and decreases in force production and muscle activation. Also the stretching-induced decreases may be due to a central nervous system inhibitory mechanism. PNF stretch techniques can increase ROM in older adults. These results may differ from those of studies performed with younger populations because of age-related physiologic changes. TC exercise improves balance control and muscle strength and were associated with reorganized lower extremity neuromuscular patterns. Conclusions : The stretch training program of the PNF and TC contribute to increase the balance and coordination for frail elder. Therefore, The frail elder prevent falling. Further study, The PNF and TC be introduced as the new therapeutic intervention for frail elder.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Objective: Computers and smartphones have become a necessity for modern people, and the use of these things in an inappropriate position has increased the number of people who complain about neck problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of cervical angle, range of motion (ROM) and pain threshold according to the McKenzie stretching and dry cupping therapy. Design: Cross-over design. Methods: We included 12 male and 6 female college students in their twenties, and conducted a pre- and post-test to evaluate the changes of each variable after the application of the McKenzie stretching and dry cupping therapy. Results: Neither the cervical spine angle nor the turtle neck angle showed any change in both the McKenzie stretching and the dry cupping treatment. In the McKenzie stretching, the pain threshold decreased, and the ROM of the cervical spine increased in all directions but there was no significant difference. The pain threshold was increased in the dry cupping treatment, and the ROM of the cervical spine was significantly increased in all directions (p<0.05). Comparisons of the McKenzie stretching and cupping treatment showed that the cupping treatment produced significantly greater pain thresholds and improvements in ROM of the cervical spine than the McKenzie stretching technique (p<0.05). Conclusions: Cupping treatment is more effective in improving ROM of the cervical spine and pain thresholds than the McKenzie stretching technique. In the future, cupping treatment will be one of the treatment options for pain and ROM impairments of the cervical spine.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The current generation has shortened hamstrings due to a sedentary lifestyle, resulting in reduced flexibility of the hamstring and dysfunction. This study was undertaken to compare effects of three different release exercises on hamstring flexibility, in participants with short hamstrings. METHODS: Totally, 20 subjects having short hamstrings were involved in this study. The inclusion criterion for study participation was active knee extension test (AKET) less than 60°. All participants were subjected to 3 methods: hamstring foam roller release (HFRR), sitting self myofascial release (sitting SMR), and standing self myofascial release (Standing SMR). All participants randomly performed all three methods to avoid bias caused by learning or fatigue. Passive knee extension test (PKET), AKET, finger to floor distance test (FTFT), and pelvic tilting angle test (PTAT) were measured pre- and post-exercises. RESULTS: The PKET, AKET and FTFT were significantly increased after HFRR, sitting SMR, and standing SMR exercise (p < .05). However, PTAT was not significantly increased after the three exercises (p > .05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between PKET, AKET, FTFT and PTAT subsequent to HFRR, sitting SMR, and standing SMR (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HFRR, sitting SMR and standing SMR were immediately effective in improving hamstring flexibility in participants with short hamstrings.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training with plantar flexor stretching on ankle dorsi flexion range of motion (ROM), balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Methods: Thirty stroke patients volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: the experimental group (n=15) received the neurodevelopment therapy plus balance training with plantar flexor stretching for 20 minutes in one session. The control group (n=15) received the same neurodevelopment therapy plus plantar flexor static stretching for 20 minutes in one session. Both groups underwent sessions four times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Measurements included passive range of motion (PROM), active range of motion (AROM) of ankle dorsiflexion using a goniometer, timed up and go (TUG), the functional reaching test (FRT), and the 10 m walk test (10 MWT). Results: There were significant improvements in AROM and PROM of ankle dorsiflexion, TUG, and FRT scores after the intervention in the experimental group (p<0.05). However, the control group showed no statistically significant differences except for PROM of ankle dorsiflexion. The experimental group showed a significant improvement in PROM, TUG, and FRT scores compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Balance training with plantar flexor stretching improves ankle dorsiflexion ROM and balance ability in patients with stroke. Therefore, this therapeutic intervention will be effective for rehabilitation of stroke patients in the clinical setting.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of pelvic displacement when self-hamstring muscle stretches were applied to persons with low back pain. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Forty persons with low back pain participated in this study. Pelvic tilt angle, hamstring flexibility, Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Korea version of the Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) and pelvic mobility were measured at pre-post. All participants were divided into either the pevic anterior tilt group (PAT group, n=12), pelvic midrange group (PMR group, n=18), or the pelvic posterior tilt group (PPT group, n=10). Self-stretching was performed using the pilates ring three times a week for a total of four weeks and the post-test was conducted and compared with the pre-test. Results: Hamstring flexibility, QVAS, KODI scores were significantly different compared to before the intervention (p<0.05). The changes in hamstring flexibility of the three groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Changes in KODI and FABQ results of the three groups were not significant. The pelvic posterior tilt range were significantly different in the PMR and PPT groups (p<0.05). The pelvic anterior tilt ranges showed significant differences after stretching in the PPT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: A large amount of change of hamstring flexibility, pelvic mobility of anterior and posterior tilt test in the PPT group was observed. Furthermore, therapists should consider pelvic displacement of the participant when applying intervention, which may, accordingly, have different effectiveness.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Purpose: The study evaluated the effectiveness of health promotion program on the physical fitness and quality of life of elderly women receiving home visiting health care services. Methods: There were 122 elderly women participants. The data were collected between March and December 2019. The participants were provided with the 36-weeks health promotion program consisting of health education, such as nutrition, depression, urinary incontinence, fall, oral care, and exercises, such as stretching, weight-bearing exercise, and elastic resistance training. The balance, muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life were measured before and after the program. The results were analyzed with paired t-test using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: The dynamic balance, muscle strength, flexibility significantly increased. Conclusion: The health promotion program positively affected elderly women in terms of physical fitness, but there are limitations to increasing the quality of life of elderly women. Through this study, it is necessary to be supplemented in improving quality of life of elderly women.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercising on a stable and unstable surface for a period of six weeks on the arms of female university students in their twenties. Methods: The subjects consisted of 20 female university students. The experimental group consisted of ten individuals who exercised on an unstable surface, and the control group consisted of ten individuals who exercised on a stable surface. The exercise program was composed of aerobic exercises (i.e. Back and forth movements for clapping and raising cross with both arms) and muscle-strengthening exercises (i.e. Push-ups and raising arms). We measured the subjects before the experiment and after the exercise program using the following measurements tool: a ruler and T-scan plus. The same person measured changes in arm size with a ruler three times and calculated the average to minimize any errors in measurement. We controlled the subjects to measure the amount of arm muscle with a T-scan plus. Twelve hours before the measurements were taken subjects were not permitted to exercise, and four hours before the measurements were taken subjects were not permitted to eat anything. Results: The two groups had no significant difference, but each group felt the effect of the exercise program. Conclusion: There was no difference between the experimental group and the control group. However, it was determined that the exercise had a greater effect on an unstable surface than a stable surface.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a lower trapezius strengthening exercise program on an unstable support surface on pain, neck dysfunction, psychosocial factors, and postural alignment in neck pain patients with forward head posture. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 36 neck pain patients participated in this study. Screening tests were performed and assigned to experimental group (n=18) and control group (n=18) using randomization program. Both groups performed the lower trapezius strengthening exercise program. In addition, in the experimental group, an exercise program for lower trapezius muscle strengthening was performed on an unstable support surface. All interventions were performed 3 times a week, for a total of 5 weeks. quadruple visual analogue scale (QVAS), neck disability index (NDI), short form (SF)-12, and postural alignment were measured before and after the intervention to compare their effectiveness. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in QVAS, NDI, SF-12, and postural alignment before and after intervention (p<0.05). In addition, the experimental group showed significant differences in NDI and postural alignment compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The lower trapezius strengthening exercise program on unstable support surfaces is an effective intervention method with clinical significance in improving neck disability and postural alignment in patients with neck pain with forward head posture.