• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.330-342
• /
• 2022

We aimed to investigate candidate proteins related to long-term caloric restriction and feed efficiency in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle (LM). A total of 31 Korean native steers were randomly distributed to ad libitum (n = 16) or caloric restriction group (n = 15) to conduct two feeding trials for 13 mon. In the first trial (10-18 mon of age), steers were fed with 100% ad libitum (NE_g = 0.63 Mcal/kg) or caloric restriction (80% of the previous day's feed intake of ad libitum group). In the second trial (18-23 mon of age), the energy value of 100% ad libitum diet was 1.13 Mcal/kg NE_g and those in caloric restriction group diet was 0.72 Mcal/kg NE_g. At the endpoint of this experiment, in each group, 6 animals were selected with high (n = 3) or low feed efficiency (n = 3) to collect muscle tissue samples (6 animals/group). From muscle tissues of 23 mo of age, we excavated 9 and 12 differentially expressed (two-fold or more) proteins in a nutritional group and feed efficiency group using two-dimensional electrophoresis, respectively. Of these proteins, heat shock protein beta-6 was up-regulated in both the caloric restriction and the low feed efficiency group. In bovine embryonic fibroblasts, the mRNA expression of heat shock protein beta-6 increased after adipogenic differentiation, however, decreased after myogenic differentiation. Our data provide that heat shock protein beta-6 may be an adipogenic protein involved in the mechanism of caloric restriction and feed efficiency in the LM of the steer.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the market of fitness compression wear as well as to design an optimal fitness compression wear by analyzing the muscle and movement characteristics of the elderly women in Korea. In this regard, research for functional garments is needed to increase muscle activity of elderly people during physical exercise. Firstly, we investigated the brand, design, size, material, and pattern of fitness wear based on the market survey. Secondly, we identified preference, evaluation items, evaluation method, and pattern design method based on the literature review. Finally, in addition, the motion type, range, angle to improve the muscle strength of the elderly were investigated and the maximum muscle strengths of each motion were analyzed by using 2007 Size Korea data (n = 386). It is also designed for muscle fatigue through exercise and rapid fatigue recovery after exercise. The evaluation methods for fitness compression wear were classified as motor functionality, physiological comfort, pattern and material suitability evaluations. The muscle strength at leg (pushing force) and waist (lifting force) of the ages of 60 to 69 years old showed 239.3 N and 274.5 N, respectively, which were the lowest forces compared to younger age groups. By applying these results to the design process of fitness wear, it is anticipated that the fitness wear will have a proper fit to the body shape of elderly people in South Korea as well as it can increase muscle efficiency to promote physical capability and healthy life for senior people.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2013

This study compared the aerodynamic multiparameters of whispers and phonation in patients with muscle misuse dysphonia(MMD) to evaluate the voice aerodynamic analysis for discrimination between whispers and phonation. Eleven patients with muscle misuse dysphonia were examined. Whispers were shorter with a maximum phonation time(MPT; p<.01), a lower phonatory sound pressure level(SPLp; p<.01), a higher phonatory flow rate (PFR; p<01), lower phonatory efficiency(PE; p<.01), and a lower phonatory resistance (PR; p<.05) than phonation. The subglottal pressure level was not significantly different between whispers and phonation. (Psub; p>.05). The ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 23.83 ppm for PE achieved a good classification for whispers, with the perfect sensitivity(100%) and specificity(100%). Those results indicate PE reliably distinguished between whispers and phonation. The results also suggest that PE may provide a useful tool for studying the laryngeal source.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.436-446
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary enzymatic hydrolysates using squid and mackerel by-product on feed efficiency, growth and chemical composition in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) after a eight weeks feeding experiment. Effects on the weight gain and feed efficiency in the enzymatic hydrolysates added groups were very effective. Weight gain were significantly higher in the squid hydrolysates whole added group than in the other groups. Moisture and crude ash contents of muscle were not significantly affected by hydrolysates supplementation in all groups. Crude protein and lipid contents of muscle were increased after eight weeks feeding trial. Amino acid contents of muscle were higher in squid hydrolysates whole added group than in the other groups. Amino acids were not affected by hydrolysates supplementation in all groups. Fatty acid contents of muscle were increased after eight weeks growth trial. Fatty acids were not significantly different in the dietary groups.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2011

Background: The purpose of our experimental study, we want to know a correlation study using the sonogram between the muscle strength and the diameter of Biceps brachii muscle by gender. So we set to hypothesis that Biceps brachii contracted maximally would be a diameter of the muscles increased according to the muscle strength will be increased. Methods: In this study, we measured the muscle strength of biceps brachii on contracting its maximum using the Biodex and the diameter of the muscles using Myo-Lab (25Gold). We experimented 30 subjects of twenty-aged men and women. The subjects is comprised of a persons who has not external injuries and pain of elbow joint, no mobility limitation of ROM, no experiences of surgery in past history. Result: We found that the men have a highly correlation between maximum strength and the diameter of the muscles more than women (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of our experimental study between the muscle diameter and the muscle strength to biceps brachii on relaxation and contraction is a statistically significant relation (r=.394), especially in rather men then women (p<.05). So this results would be based data for further clinical muscle efficiency application in physical therapy field.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.53-67
• /
• 2013

보툴리눔 독소는 Clostridium botulinum이라는 박테리아가 만들어내는 독소를 의료용으로 희석, 정제한 약제로서 이 독소가 시냅스 전 신경말단에 부착되어 신경근접합부에서 아세틸콜린의 분비를 억제함으로써 근육의 수축을 차단하는 역할을 한다. 보툴리눔 독소 주사 요법은 구강안면 분야에서 저작근의 근경축, 근경련, 운동이상증, 측두하악관절질환, 근막통증, 이갈이, 특발성 교근비대증 또는 만성편두통을 비롯한 두통 등 다양한 질환에서 가역적, 보존적 치료법으로 활발히 사용되고 있다. 사용 범위가 넓어지면서 교근이나 측두근 같은 저작근 부위에 주사를 하는 경우가 많아지고 있으며 그러한 경우 약제자체의 약리학적 작용에 의해 일시적인 근마비 및 근위축에 따라 저작기능에 변화가 생기게 된다. 하지만 지금까지 보툴리눔 독소 주사치료의 효과나 활용에 대한 연구만이 주를 이루었고 부작용 중의 하나인 저작기능 변화에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 몇몇 저작기능과 관련한 연구 또한 근전도 등을 이용한 정적인 상태의 저작력 감소에 대한 연구로, 실제로 동적인 저작 환경을 반영하는 저작 효율에 대해서는 현재까지 전혀 연구가 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 총 40명의 건강한 성인환자를 대상으로 보툴리눔 A형 독소 주사 요법을 교근 부위에만 시술 받은 사람 과 교근과 측두근 부위 모두에 시술 받은 사람 각각 20명씩 두 군으로 나누어 주사를 시행하고, 주사 전과 주사 후 4주, 8주, 12주째의 저작 효율의 변화를 주관적 평가방법인 식품섭취능 (Food Intake Ability, 이하 FIA)과 저작 능력에 대한 주관적 인식도 (Visual Analogue Scale, 이하 VAS), 객관적 평가 방법인 Mixing Ability Test를 시행하여 알아보았다. 그 결과 보툴리눔 A형 독소 주사 후 4주 째에 저작효율의 뚜렷한 감소가 나타났으며 이후 서서히 회복되는 경향을 보였다. 주사부위를 달리하여 본 결과 교근과 측두근에 모두 주사를 시행하는 경우, 교근에만 주사를 시행하는 경우에 비해 주관적, 객관적인 값 모두 낮게 나타났다. 주관적인 값에 있어서 4주 째 유의하였으나 이후에는 유의하지 않았으며 객관적인 값은 전 기간에 걸쳐 유의하지 않았다. 실험에서 정한 주사 용량에 대해서는 측두근까지 주사가 이루어지더라도 교근만 주사를 시행한 사람과 비교하여 저작효율의 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 보인다. 또한 식품성상에 따라 저작 효율을 살펴본 결과 보툴리눔 A형 독소 주사가 단단하고 질긴 음식 섭취에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이며 무르고 약한 음식의 섭취 시에도 유의할만한 영향을 받는다는 사실을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.974-979
• /
• 2004

The fluidic muscle cylinder consist of an air bellows tube, flanges and lock nuts. It's features are softness of material and motion, simplicity of structure, low production cost and high power efficiency. In this study, we carried out the finite element modelling and analysis about the main design variables such as contraction ration and force, diameter increment of fluidic muscle cylinder. On the basis of finite element analysis, the prototype of fluidic muscle cylinder was manufactured and tested. Finally, we compared the results between the test and the finite element analysis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 1998

Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are known to inhibit oxidative reactions by incativating compounds responsible for the formation of ree radicals. SOD transforms superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide which is precursor to active free radicals. CAT reduces hydrogen peroxide to water. GSH-Px reduces hydroperoxides to corresponding alcohols. Antioxidant enzyme activities of muscle are different by animal species age, stress and exercise, muscle type and part, conditions of post mortem, storage and processing which are related to oxidative deterioration I muscle foods as well as oxidative defence in living systems. Antioxidant enzyme systems are enhanced rather than weakened in aging skeletal muscle. Red muscle contains higher antioxidant enzyme activity than white muscle. The antioxidant enzyme activities of poultry are higher in leg than in breast, and those of beef are higher in redder and more unstable muscles. It is clear that the effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme in muscle foods seems to be influenced by meat processing operations. Both GSH-Px and CAT are inactivated by heat processing NaCl also influence the efficiency of the antioxident enzymes since its presence diminishes their catalyitc activity.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2019

This study is designed to reduce worker fatigue, improve efficiency and provide a functional working environment based on previous studies that pain occurs in the shoulder area, especially the upper trapezius muscle, when the keyboard height is not appropriate. In this study, the height of the keyboard is four, the height of the elbow and desk is the same height, the height of the desk is 3cm lower than the elbow, the height of the desk is 6cm high, and the height is 9cm high. When working on the keyboard, the wrist and forerunner were organized into four groups of 10 people so that the height was different for each group. When the height of the keyboard is given in various ways compared to the height of the elbow of the subject, it is verified whether there is a difference in the RMS (Root Mean Square) of the upper trapezius muscle. The results of this study showed that the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle cap was significant only in the left and right keyboard height -4cm, 0cm, +4cm, +8cm group, but the difference in muscle activity was not significant in the rest group. The first study will require a study of the control of the factors affecting the tension of the subjects, the measurement of muscle activity against various muscles, and whether the length of the shoulder and fingertips of the subject affect muscle activity according to the keyboard type.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.7.1-7.6
• /
• 2017

A feeding trial was designed to assess the effects of dietary protein and lipid content on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and muscle proximate composition of juvenile mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri. Six experimental diets were formulated with a combination of three protein (35, 45, and 55%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish ($8.3{\pm}0.1g$) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance in terms of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein level from 35 to 55% at the same dietary lipid level. At the same dietary lipid content, WG and SGR obtained with diets containing 55% protein was significantly higher than those obtained with diets containing 45 and 35% protein. No significant effect on growth rate was found when the dietary level of lipid was increased from 7 to 14%. While the levels of protein and lipid in the diets had no significant effect on feed intake, other nutrient utilization efficiency parameters including daily protein intake (DPI), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) showed a similar trend to that of growth rates, with the highest values obtained with diets containing 55% protein. Muscle chemical composition was not significantly affected by the different dietary treatments for each dietary lipid or protein level tested. These findings may suggest that a practical diet containing 55% protein and 7% lipid provides sufficient nutrient and energy to support the acceptable growth rates and nutrient utilization of mandarin fish juveniles.