• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

In this study, transverse relaxation time (T2) measurement and the evaluation of the characteristics of the spectral peak related to stomach tissue metabolites were performed using ex vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 1.5-T MRI/S instruments. Thirty-two gastric tissues resected from 12 patients during gastric cancer surgery, of which 19 were normal tissue and 13 were cancerous tissue, were used to measure the $T_2$ of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) peaks. The volume of interest data results from the MRSI measurements were extracted from the proper muscle (MUS) layer and the composite mucosa/submucosa (MC/SMC) layer and were statistically analyzed. MR spectra were acquired using the chemical shift imaging (CSI) point resolved spectroscopy (CSI-PRESS) technique with the parameters of pulse repetition time (TR) and echo times (TE) TR/(TE1,TE2)=1500 msec/(35 msec, 144 msec), matrix $size=24{\times}24$, NA=1, and voxel $size=2.2{\times}2.2{\times}4mm^3$. In conclusion, the measured $T_2$ of the metabolite peaks, such as choline (3.21ppm) and lipid (1.33ppm), were significantly decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) in the cancerous stomach tissue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.613-616
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• 1997

저자들은 말기 확장성 심부전을 앓아온 58세의 여자환자에게 좌심실 내경을 줄여주는 좌심실개조수술을 시행하여 좌심실기능의 향상을 보았기에 증례보고를 하고자 한다. 본 환자는 1996년 9월에 심부전으로 인한 호흡곤란(NYHA 기능 4도)과 사지부종을 주소로 입원하였다. 입원시 심초음파검사상 좌심실 구축률 15%, 좌 심실 말기이완기 내경이 80mm, 승모판 폐쇄부전 4도, 삼첨판 폐쇄부전 2도였고 심박출량이 1.5L/min였고 심 박출계수는 1.0 L/min/m2 있단 이 환자에게 전방유두근과 후방유두근 사이의 좌심실 측벽을 절제하고 승모 판과 삼첨판 성형술을 실시하는 좌심실개조수술을 시행하였다. 술후 심초음파검사와 혈역학적 평가결과, 좌 심실 구축력 35%, 좌심실 말기이완기내경 50m였고, 승모판 기능 및 삼첨판 기능은 완벽하였다. 심박출량은 2.3L/ms 였고 심박출계수는 2.3umi m2였고 환자의 mID기능은 1도였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the synergistic protective effects of medicinal herbal mixture (HME) including Mori Ramulus (MR), Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC), Eucommiae Cortex (EC), and Black soybean (BS) in C2C12 cells, mouse myoblasts. Methods : Effects of HME on cell viability of C2C12 myoblasts were monitored by MTT assay. Anti-atrophic activity of HME was determined in myoblasts and myotubes under oxidative stress by H₂O₂. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in a medium containing 2% horse serum for 6 days. After that, we measured that expression of MyoD and myogenine, the myogenic regulatory factors, to identify the mechanism of inhibiting muscle atophy after HME treatment. In addition, suppression of phosphorylation of Akt, FoxO3a and MARF-1, transcription factors of degradation proteins were analyzed via western blotting. Results : As a result of MTT, HME there was no show cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The cytoprotective effects on oxidative stressed myoblast and myotube was better in HME extract than those of MR, AC, EU, and BS, respectively. HME treatment in Myotube induced by oxidative stress after H₂O₂ treatment increased Myo D, Myogenine activation, and Akt, FoxO3a phosphorylation and decreased expression of MuRF-1. As the results, HME has synergistic effects on protection against proteolysis of C2C12 myotubes through activation of the Akt signaling pathway under oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that HME may also be useful as a preventing and treating material for skeletal muscle atrophy caused by age-related diseases.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

목적 : 인체의 심근 및 간조직의 생체내 $^{31}P$ MRS에서 NOE 효과에 의한 분광신호 세기의 증가를 평가하고자 하였으며 또한 동일 장기에서 대사물질에 따른 NOE 효과의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 열명의 정상 성인군(남:여=8:2, 연령분포=24-32)을 대상으로 1.5T 자기공명영상/분광 장치에서 $^1H-^{31}P$ 이중 튜닝 표면 코일을 사용하여 생체내 $^{31}P$ MRS를 시행하였다. $^{31}P$ MRS 측정은 이차원 화학변위영상기법을 사용하였으며 동일한 파라미터에서 NOE 효과 없이 그리고 $^1H$ decoupling상태에서 NOE 효과에 의한 $^{31}P$ MRS 데이터를 획득하였다. $^{31}P$ MRS raw data의 postprocessing 후 얻어진 스펙트럼에서 주요 대사물질들의 신호증가를 비교하였다. 결과: 간조직의 $^{31}P$ HRS에서 NOE 효과에 의한 신호증가율은 $\alpha-ATP\;(7\%),\;\beta-ATP\;(9\%),\;\gamma-ATP\;(17\%),\;Pi\;(1\%),\;PDE\;(19\%),\;PME\;(31\%)$였다. 간조직의 경우 크리아틴 키나제가 없기 때문에 PCr 신호는 관찰되지 않았다. 심근의 $^{31}P$ MRS은 whole body 코일이 표면 코일보다 우수한 scout 영상을 제공하여 $^{31}P$ MRS의 localization에 유리하였다. $^{31}P$ 심근 다중 체적 스펙트럼에서 , 혈액의 DPG 신호는 심근으로부터 멀어질 수록 증가하는 양상을 나타내었고 NOE 효과에 의한 신호증가율은 $\alpha-ATP\;(12\%),\;\beta-ATP\;(19\%),\;\gamma-ATP\;(30\%),\;PCr\;(34\%),\;Pi\;(20\%),\;PDE\;(51\%),\;DPG\;(72\%)$ 였다. 결론: 간조직에 비해 심근의 경우 큰 신호증가를 보였고 이는 간조직 대사물질들의 $^{31}P$가 심근과는 다른 $^1H$ coupling을 나타냄을 의미한다고 해석할 수 있다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2003

Purpose: In this study, we attempted to ascertain the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (${1}^H$ MRS) peak characteristics of human gastric tissue layers and finally to use the metabolic peaks of MRS to distinguish between normal and abnormal gastric specimens. Materials and Methods: Ex-vivo ${1}^H$ MRS examinations of thirty-five gastric specimens were performed to distinguish abnormal gastric tissues invaded by carcinoma cells from normal stomach-wall tissues. High-resolution 400-MHz (9.4-T) ${1}^H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two gastric layers, a proper muscle layer, and a composite mucosasubmucosa layer were compared with those of clinical 64- MHz (1.5-T) MR spectra. Three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) images were used to determine the size and the position of a voxel for MRS data collection. Results: For normal gastric tissue layers, the metabolite peaks of 400-MHz ${1}^H$ MRS were primarily found to be as follows: lipids at 0.9 ppm and 1.3 ppm; alanine at 1.58 ppm; N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid) at 2.03 ppm; and glutathione at 2.25 ppm in common. The broad and featureless featureless spectral peaks of the 64-MHz MRS were bunched near 0.9, 1.3, and 2.0, and 2.2 ppm in human specimens without respect to layers. In a specimen (Borrmmann type III) with a tubular adenocarcinoma, the resonance peaks were measured at 1.26, 1.36 and 3.22 ppm. All the peak intensities of the spectrum of the normal gastric tissue were reduced, but for gastric tumor tissue layers, the lactate peak split into 1.26 and 1.39 ppm, and the peak intensity of choline at 3.21 ppm was increased. Conclusion: We found that decreasing lipids, an increasing lactate peak that split into two peaks, 1.26 ppm and 1.36 ppm, and an increasing choline peak at 3.22 ppm were markers of tumor invasion into the gastric tissue layers. This study implies that MR spectroscopy can be a useful diagnostic tool for gastric cancer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2021

봉합 나사못을 이용한 견관절 수술 환자들의 예후를 확인하기 위하여 MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)를 이용하여 추적검사를 시행한다. 봉합나사못을 삽입한 경우에는 임상적 관찰을 용이하게 하기 위하여 지방소거법을 이용한 영상촬영 기법이 이용되는데, 이때 이용되는 지방 신호 억제 기법으로 CHESS(Chemical Shift Selective), STIR(Short Tau Inversion Recovery), Dixon 기법 등이 주로 이용되고 있다. 봉합나사못은 비자성 재료를 이용해서 제작되지만, 환부에 삽입되는 티타늄 재질의 금속물질은 비자성체임에도 불구하고 국소자장을 왜곡시켜 결과 영상의 기하학적인 왜곡은 물론 심각한 영상신호의 감소 현상을 발생시킨다. 봉합나사못을 삽입하여 환부를 관찰하는 경우에는 뼈 혹은 뼈 인접 부위의 영상을 획득하여야 하는데 뼈와 주변 조직의 임상적 관찰을 위해서는 뼈의 지방 신호를 억제할 필요가 있다. 이때 이용되는 지방 신호 억제 기법은 금속 삽입물로 인한 자기장 불균일의 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 3가지 지방억제 영상기법(CHESS, STIR, Dixon)을 이용하여 금속물질을 삽입한 환자로부터 영상을 획득하여 비교, 분석하였으며, 그 결과로 봉합나사못을 삽입한 환자의 병변 관찰 및 수술 후 예후를 관찰하기 위한 영상기법으로 STIR 영상기법이 가장 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결과에 따르면 금속 물질을 인체에 삽입한 환자의 경우, 지방 신호 억제가 필요한 MRI 검사에서는 STIR 기법을 이용하는 것이 임상적 가치가 높은 영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2002

Follicular carcinomas are the second most common form of thyroid cancer, accounting for 10 to 20% of all thyroid cancers. Follicular carcinomas have a propensity to metastasize via the bloodstream, spreading to bone, lungs, liver, and elsewhere. We described the case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with swelling of the left preauricular area, which was a consequence of a metastatic follicular carcinoma of the masticator space. Plain films showed illdefined erosive bony changes from the left condylar head to the mandibular notch. Contrast-enhanced CT images showed a well circumscribed round mass with well enhancement within left masticator space. On MR images, the mass was heterogenously hyperintense to the muscle on T2-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense to the muscle on Tl-weighted images, and showed good enhancement on contrast-enhanced Tl-weighted images. Upon microscopic examination, the metastatic mass was found to be composed of fairly uniform cells forming small follicles containing colloid, showing capsular and vascular invasion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 1996

1994년 4월부터 1995년 3월까지 승모판폐쇄부전 환자 6명에서 확장성 polytetrafluoroethylene을 사용하여 건삭재건 수술술기인 새로운 건삭형성술을 이용하여 승모판 재건을 시도하였다. 승모판 폐쇄부전의 원인으로는 3명에서 전첨탈출(anterior leaflet prolapse), 나머지 3명은 양첨탈출(both leaflet prolapse)이었다. 6례 환자의 평균연령은 65세(범위 55∼75)였으며, 남성 3명, 여성 3명이었다. 수술 사망례는 없었고, 수술후 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 관찰중이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2012

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex multisystem genetic disorder characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. The main clinical features include neonatal hypotonia, distinctive facial features, overall developmental delay, and poor growth in infancy, followed by overeating with severe obesity, short stature, and hypogonadism later in development. This paper reviews recent updates regarding the genetic aspects of this disorder. Three mechanisms (paternal deletion, maternal disomy, and deficient imprinting) are recognized. Maternal disomy can arise because of 4 possible mechanisms: trisomy rescue (TR), gamete complementation (GC), monosomy rescue (MR), and postfertilization mitotic nondisjunction (Mit). Recently, TR/GC caused by nondisjunction at maternal meiosis 1 has been identified increasingly, as a result of advanced maternal childbearing age in Korea. We verified that the d3 allele increases the responsiveness of the growth hormone (GH) receptor to endogenous GH. This paper also provides an overview of endocrine dysfunctions in children with PWS, including GH deficiency, obesity, sexual development, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency, as well as the effects of GH treatment. GH treatment coupled with a strictly controlled diet during early childhood may help to reduce obesity, improve neurodevelopment, and increase muscle mass. A more active approach to correct these hormone deficiencies would benefit patients with PWS.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper was to develop a rehabilitation training system which is controlled by electric currents to the Magneto-Rheological dampers system. This system provided the function for the training of the unbalance of the lower extremities. 10 subjects executed the tracing and moving exercises which are presented through the display monitor and confirmed own the capability of performance on the task. The electromyographies of the four muscles in lower extremities were recorded and analyzed in the time and frequency domain the muscles of interest were rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior. The experimental results showed that subjects had a task under feedback mode then subjects improve the capability of performance, increasing the in time, decreasing the out time and the distance of body shift. The moving average EMG, spectral energy of four muscle is lower the feedback mode than the constant mode. This could aid the hemiplegic patients to train more easily.