• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.179-185
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• 2000

In this study, we examined the movement of chlorophenol as a precursor of the dioxin in the after-combustion to minimize the creation and emission of dioxin in a municipal waste incinerator. The CPs was injected to the electric incinerator in temperature $300{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, using $N_2$ gas to control the reaction time, The oxygen quantity supplied into the $CP_s's$ isomer combustion was added with the value of experience formula. When the space velocity in reactor was 60~80/sec, the removal efficiency of CP was obtained in the presence of Mo-V catalyst and non catalyst. The efficiency in non-catalyst was 74% to 80% mono-CP, di-CP 55~66%, tri-CP 50~58%, while mono-CP 90~99.9%, di-CP 96~97%, tri-CP 76~99% in a catalyst. Consequently, it was shown that these were 20~30% more efficienct than those.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

The total amount of fluidized bed incinerator ash, i.e. incombustion materials generated from the municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) in Korea was approximately 14,000 tons in 2006. Most of the ash after ferrous metal separation is finally discard to the landfill sites. In the present work, possibility for recycling of the ash is studied to utilize the ash as raw materials for ceramic products. Incombustion materials obtained from the two different incinerators were used to recover the raw materials by applying the magnetic separation and screening process to remove metallic particles. The raw materials show relatively low heavy metals content obtained from the KSLP leaching tests. The ceramic products were prepared by mixing the clay with the various amounts of the raw material. The physical properties, i.e. shrinkage rate, absorbancy and compressive strength of the ceramic products sintered at $1,000^{\circ}C$ and $1,050^{\circ}C$, respectively were improved by increasing the addition amounts of the incinerator ash. Based on the leaching tests the ceramic products also be satisfied with the standard limits on the leachability of heavy metals because most of the metallic materials are effectively removed from the incombustion materials by appling the separation processes.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

The emission factor of nitrogen oxides(NOx) was evaluate to clarify the characteristics of NOx emitted from seven large combustion facilities in seoul area. The emission factors of NOx at A-1 and A-2 facilities of internal combustion engine were 66.957kgNOx/ton and 20.913kgNOx/ton, respectively. The emission factor of A-1 facility was higher than that of A-2 facility even same internal combustion engine, because A-1 facility adopted SCR(selective catalystic reactor) for reduction of NOx emission factor of A-2, A-4, and A-7 power generation boiler facilities were 4.300kgNOx/ton, 2.460kgNOx/ton and 1.796kgNOx/ton, respectively. The capacity of A-2 facility was about two times than that of A-4 and A-7. These emission factors were lower than those at facilities in other areas of korea, because of using low NOx burner of power generation boiler. The emission factors of NOx at A-3 and A-6 incinerator facilities were 0.147kgNOx/ton and 0.221kgNOx/ton which were lower than other facilities, respectively, because these facilities incinerate municipal solid waste of low heating value and uwe SCR for reducing NOx concentration.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.232-240
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• 2006

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) formed along with dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran products in the slow combustion of dichlorophenols (DCPs) at $600^{\circ}C$ were identified. Each DCP reactant produced a unique set of PCN products. Major PCN congeners observed in the experiments were consistent with products predicted from a mechanism involving an intermediate formed by ortho-ortho carbon coupling of phenoxy radicals; polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are formed from the same interemediate. Tautomerization of the intermediate and $H_2O$ elimination produces PCDFs; alternatively, CO elimination to form dihydrofulvalene and fusion produces naphthalenes. Only trace amounts of tetrachloronaphthalene congeners were formed, suggesting that the preferred PCN formation pathways from chlorinated phenols involve loss of chlorine. 3,4-DCP produced the largest yields of PCDF and PCN products with two or more chlorine substituents. 2,6-DCP did not produce tri- or tetra-chlorinated PCDF or PCN congeners. It did produce 1,8-DCN, however, which could not be explained.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2010

In this study, commercial pellet type sorbents for the collection of $CO_2$ from a local municipal waste incinerator were prepared and characterized in terms of adsorption efficiency by varying the operating conditions of a field process. The concentration of $CO_2$ in the flue gas ranged from 8 to 10%, which entered the test packed bed. As a result of this experiment, the sorbent procured from A-company, which is mainly composed of calcium compounds, showed the highest adsorption efficiency. The regeneration efficiency was fairly low, however. It also was found that based on adsorption breakthrough time, the relatively low flow rate of 10 LPM into the bed allowed higher collection efficiency. The higher flow rate of 40 LPM, on the other hand, tended to decrease the retention of the adsorption.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.3 s.77
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

The bottom ash of municipal solid waste incineration generated during incineration of municipal solid waste in metropolitan area consists of ceramics, glasses, ferrous materials, combustible materials and food waste and so on. Although the ferrous material was separated by the magnetic separation before the incineration process, of which content accounts for about $3{\sim}11%$ in bottom ash. The formation of a $Fe_3O_4-Fe_2O_3$ double layer(similar to pure Fe) on the iron surface was found during air-annealing in the incinerator at $1000^{\circ}C$. A strong thermal shock, such as that takes place during water-cooling of bottom ash, leads to the breakdown of this oxidation layer, facilitating the degradation of ferrous metals and the formation of corrosion products and it existed as $Fe_2O_3,\;Fe_3O_4\;and\;FeS_2$. So, many problems could occur in the use of bottom ash as an aggregate substitutes in construction field. Therefore, in this study, the separation of ferrous materials from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash was investigated. In the result, the ferrous product(such as $Fe_2O_3,\;Fe_3O_4,\;FeS_2$ and iron) by magnetic separator at 3800 gauss per total bottom ash(w/w.%) accounted for about 18.7%, and 87.7% of the ferrous product was in the size over 1.18 mm. Also the iron per total bottom ash accounted for about 3.8% and the majority of it was in the size over 1.18 mm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.767-773
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of an alternative fuel resource by incinerating a mix of combustible MSW (municipal solid waste) and offals after separating recyclable material at the MRF (material recovery facilities) location. We analyzed the physical and chemical properties including the 3-contents, the calorific value, and chemical compositions of the separation rejects in MRF, and compared the results with combustible MSW. Moreover, we experimented the trend of combustible properties and the concentration change of air pollutants at mixed incineration in the MSW incinerator. According to the results of the experiment, the separation rejects showed higher heating value (5,865 kcal/kg), and lower moisture and ash content than combustible MSW. Since we have incinerated MSW in the MSW incinerator mixing the offals at 30% and 50% respectively, we know that the change of the concentration of dust, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, and CO did not appear significant, and not exceed the pollutants emission regulation. But, considering the enhancement of the HCl emission concentration (max. 33.7 ppm) at the co-incineration of the 50% offals, we believe that the proper mixing ratio of the separation rejects would become within 30%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.540-549
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• 1999

The combustion temperature was controlled between $880^{\circ}C$ to $1070^{\circ}C$ to find the relation the combustion temperature and emission amount of PCDDs/PCDFs in the Municipal solid waste incinerator. The emission amount of PCDDs/PCDFs decreased when the temperature increased in the rear of the boiler. The PCDDs/PCDFs concentration were detected $7.82ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ at $880^{\circ}C$, $6.97ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ at $970^{\circ}C$ and $6.13ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ at $1070^{\circ}C$. Also, The chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, and PCB concentration decreased by increasing the temperature from $880^{\circ}C$ to at $1070^{\circ}C$, and the isomer of the prescsors had a tendency to emit the higbly cbiorinated compounds.

• Clean Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

In this study, generation process and properties of inorganic industrial waste which can be used in cement industry were investigated. The scheme of recycling to use the selected waste as raw materials, mineralizer and flux, admixture and raw materials for special cement was decided and then various experiments were carried out. The experimental results were as follows ; In the use of industrial waste as raw materials, ferrous materials could be substituted by Cu-slag, Zn-slag, electric arc furnace or convertor furnace slag etc., and a siliceous material could be substituted by sand from cast-iron industry. By-products from sugar or fertilizer industry, which has $CaF_2$ as the main component, and jarosite from Zn refinery enabled clinker phases to be formed at lower temperature by $100{\sim}150^{\circ}C$. Adding Cu slag and STS sludge in proper proportion to cement improved properties of cement. Fly ash and limestone powder as admixture had the same effect on cement. As a raw material for special cement, aluminium waste sludge could be used in making ultra early strength cement, which had the compressive strength of $300kg/cm^2$ within 2hours. And two different ashes from municipal incinerator could be raw materials of the cement which was mainly composed of $C_3S$ and $C_{11}A_7{\cdot}CaCl_2$ as clinker phases.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the emission characteristics for PM, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ in the various stationary sources. The particulate matters collected in the various stationary sources such as power plants (Coal and B-C oil), incinerators(municipal and industrial waste), and glass furnaces. The PM and $PM_{10}$, PM and $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected using the cyclone type $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ samplers and 30 species(19 inorganic species, 9 ionic species, OC and EC) were analyzed by ICP, IC, and TOR/IMPROVE methods. The mass concentrations of PM, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ from nine stationary sources ranged $0.63{\sim}9.58mg/Sm^3$, $0.26{\sim}7.47mg/Sm^3$ and $0.13{\sim}6.34mg/Sm^3$, respectively. The level of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ portion in PM calculated 0.63~0.99, 0.38~0.94, respectively. In the case of emission trend for species, power plant showed high concentrations for Al, Mg, Na, Si, V and $SO_4{^{2-}}$, respectively. Also, Ca, Fe, K, Si, $Cl^-$, and $K^+$ showed high in incinerator. In the case of glass furnace, Na, Pb, K, Si, $Na^+$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ represented high concentrations. Power plant showed higher EC/OC concentrations than other sampling sites. These results suggest the possible role for complement establishment process of emission inventory and emission management for PM.