• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.220-237
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• 2019

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the poorly rendered services in developing countries - limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanization and application of outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the SWM problem. Decision makers need to formulate solutions that consider multiple goals and strategies. Given the large number of available options for SWM and the inter-relationships among these options, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper develops a mathematical model for a municipal Integrated SWM system, taking into account waste generation rates, composition, transportation modes, processing techniques, revenues from waste processing, simulating waste management as closely as possible. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimization software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis. The model thus serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and obtain the least-cost combination of technologies for handling, treatment and disposal of solid waste.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-74
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• 2007

This study applied Data Envelopment Analysis to a set of Korean Public Corporation Medical Centers and Japanese Municipal Hospitals to compare their relative human resource efficiencies. Based on the data provided on the inputs and outputs, the analysis showed Japanese municipal hospitals were relatively efficient than Korean hospitals. The result of analysing BCC model shows 5 hospitals in Japan and 7 in Korea with an efficiency rating of less than 1 as considered relatively inefficient. For the inefficient hospitals the manner in which inefficient hospitals may be made efficient were indicated by the managerial strategies based on dual variables. A subsequent analysis of Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed that the medical revenue per medical expense, labor cost per value added revenue were statistically significant between efficient and inefficient Korean hospitals and medical revenue per medical expense, labor cost per value added revenue, bed occupancy rate, average length of stay, rate of personnel expenses per medical revenue were statistically significant between efficient and inefficient Japanese hospitals.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1233-1241
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• 2011

The main objective of this experimental investigation was $CH_4$ recovery from biogas generated in municipal and wastewater treatment plant. The polysulfone hollow fiber membrane was prepared in order to investigate the permeation properties of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$. Permeability of $CO_2$ in Polysulfone membrane was 11-fold higher than of $CH_4$ gas. A membrane pilot plant for upgrading biogas was constructed and operated at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The raw biogas contained 66 ~ 68 Vol % $CH_4$, the balance being mainly $CO_2$. The effect of the operating pressure of feed and permeate side and feed flowrate on $CH_4$ recovery concentration and efficiency were investigated with double stage membrane pilot plant. The $CH_4$ concentration in the retentate stream was raised in these tests to 93 Vol % $CH_4$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.911-919
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was evaluated economical effect to apply alternative external carbon source. Conventional activated sludge process in municipal wastewater treatment plant was adapted and introduced to Biological nutrient removal processes to meet the newly enforced effluent quality standard for nutrient removal in Korea. Low $COD/NH_4^+-N$ ratio and higher nutrient concentration of influent characteristics force to inject external carbon source for denitrifying recycled nitrate. In the most case, methanol was used as external carbon source. But Methanol is expensive and very dangerous in handling. So we could find cheaper and safer external carbon source substituted methanol in last study. This alternative external carbon source is named RCS(recoverd carbon source) and a by-product of fine chemical product at chemical plant. When RCS was applied real municipal wastewater treatment plant, average $55\~65\%$ of T-N removal efficiency, 8.8mg/l of effluent T-N concentration, 11.3mg/l of effleunt COD concentration were obtained without effluent COD increase as against used methanol. To apply RCS in municipal wastewater treatment plant obtain approximately $\74.5%$ expenditure cost reduction in comparison with methanol dosage cost.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate on the removal effect of total nitrogen in municipal wastewater by decreasing hydraulic retention time(HRT) from 6 hour to 4 hour on CNR process. CNR-A(Cilia Nutrient Removal) is the process combining A2/O process with cilium media of H2L corporation. The removal efficiencies for T-N were 63.1% in A-1 reactor, and 73.5% in A-2 reactor and 77.0% in A-3 reactor. The specific nitrification(g-NH3-N/g-MLVSS.d) of Oxic in CNR-A process was 0.07-0.32. The specific denitrification in Anoxic and the specific nitrification inOxic was higher in HRT 4 hour because of optimum F/M ratio.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.299-309
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examines how police's level of satisfaction over work environment influences on introduction of municipal police system and the purpose of this study is to examine the individual police's opinion by exploring the work satisfaction of police under current centralized police system and their level of expectation toward introduction of municipal police system. Method: To complete the research, this study used the survey data from in-service police and analyzed it based on regression analysis. Result: This study analyzed the influence of police's job satisfaction on expectation over introduction of municipal police system by dividing the police's job satisfaction into internal and external satisfaction. In the influence of police's job satisfaction on expectation toward physical environmental change, both internal and external satisfaction had significant negative influence. Conclusion: Thus, there should be a clear organization on municipal police and related items before introducing the system to gain trust from police.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

In developing countries, solid waste is typically disposed of inappropriately, which has a negative impact on the environment and healthcare. One of the most serious environmental issues is the management of municipal solid waste because of the huge increase in waste generation brought on by industrialization, economic development, urbanization, and the exponential growth of Gurugram City's population. Municipal Corporation Gurugram (MCG) handles solid waste collection, transportation, and disposal. The city generates over 1100 tons of solid waste per day. In consideration of this, the current study employed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats framework called SWOT analysis to critically examine the city's current methods for the management of municipal solid waste to provide more effective policy solutions. For conducting the analysis, the questionnaires and other interviews were conducted to gather information from households and officials in the city, and the observation made during field visits were recorded. The analysis shows that the waste management issue is getting worse for a variety of causes, including a lack of regulatory enforcement, insufficient technical and financial resources, insufficient people's participation, inadequate execution of policies, a lack of political priorities, and poor coordination between authorities.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.194.2-194
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• 2005

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.78-84
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• 2007

After 6 Sigma administration is introduced in domestic in 1997, many corporations are utilizing by survival strategy and method of administration reform. This is applied in all field that this led to R&D from service industry by the next. Success factors by each field was studied and announced applying in various types of business. The Korail and Korea Post, the Ministry of Environment and various public corporation and governmen and municipal office are introduce and utilizing 6 Sigma administration by innovation method present. But, research about success factor that special quality of public sector is considered up to now was almost no. This treatise analyzed 6 Sigma' success factors and effect relation to public corporation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

To analyze risk factors of temporary power installations, the investigation was carried out for power receiving system and pack and panel boards at construction sites. The subject was variable such as an airport, an apartment, a municipal playground. There are many risk factors caused by inadequate working environments and the deterioration of temporary power installations using equipment with minimum safety devices at construction sites. There, it is intended to present problems and preventive measures against electrical shock accidents, through analyzing risk factors of real field condition and investigating temporary power installations all over the country.