• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2015

The primary aim of this study was to investigate biosecurity practices in pig farms and to determine the major risk factors associated with PCV2 infection for a sampled swine population in Korea. To this end, we analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 296 farrow-to-finish farms, which was conducted between March and September 2014 to explore the prevalence of swine disease at farm level. Face-to-face interviews by on-site visit of trained veterinarians were conducted with the farm owners or managers using a standardized questionnaires with information about basic demographical data and management practices. Farms were classified as negative or positive through the use of infection profiles that combined data on serological testing including PCR antigen test result, antibody titer and sero-conversion pattern at each age category taking into account vaccination status. Data were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Results from this study indicated that biosecurity level of the farms was considered not good given low compliance of the biosecurity programs and facilities in the farm: off-site removal of dead stocks (7%), off-site location of storage facility for incoming feeds (12.6%), off-site pick-up location for finishers (19.3%), restrictions on feed supplier vehicles for farm entrance (19.6%), restriction of finisher trucks entering the farm (22.4%), and restriction on manure disposal trucks entering the farm (26.4%). In the final model (n = 255), allowance of finisher truck driver to the pig unit had increased risk of infection (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.22-4.67) whereas farms with a sign forbidding the entrance had decreased risk of infection (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.58). Further comprehensive research with larger sample size is required to better understand the multifactorial characteristic that some predisposing risk factors that were not available in this study. To the best knowledge of the authors, this was the first study to use empirical data to report risk factors associated with PCV2 infection in the Korean pig farms. Results from the current study could be used to decide optimal biosecurity measures to reduce the impact of PCV2 infection to farmers and policy makers.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the ophthalmic findings of the Korean traditional 'Sapsaree' dogs, and to provide ophthalmic references. Five hundred forty-seven Sapsaree dogs were randomly chosen without any criteria preference. Ophthalmic examination was performed bilaterally using ocular equipments, including slit-lamp biomicroscope, tonometer, direct and indirect ophthalmoscope. The obtained data for ophthalmic findings were analysis by the multivariate linear regression model to identify effects of sex, age and hair coat type. For congenital conditions, the incidence of persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) was the most common defect and there was present 8.8 % whereas for acquired ophthalmic diseases, cataract was the most commonly observed (3.7 %) in Sapsaree dog. Other frequent ocular finding included persistent hyaloid vessel remnant (PHVR, 6.2 %) in congenital conditions, and postinflammatory retinal degeneration (PIRD, 3.1 %) and corneal dystrophy (2.4 %) in acquired ophthalmic diseases. Only one significant effect was age of the Sapsaree for PIRD (P=0.040). There are no any significant effect for sex and hair coat types. This study will provide useful guidelines to clinicians and breeders for the basic ophthalmic information on this breed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.4914-4923
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• 2011

본 연구는 PA(전담)간호사의 직무스트레스가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 시도된 서술적 조사연구로 2010년 9월 1일부터 2011년 1월 10일까지 PA(전담)간호사 104명을 대상으로 시행하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS PASW Stastistics 18.0 Program으로 분석하였다. 직무스트레스에 대한 평균점수는 여성 45.07(${\pm}9.78$)점, 남성 43.47(${\pm}13.77$)점이었다. 직무만족도에 대한 평균점수는 2.72(${\pm}0.30$)점이었다. 일반적인 특성과 직무만족도 간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 직무스트레스의 하부영역 중 미혼에서 조직체계(p<.05)와 보상부적절(p<.01)에 대한 스트레스가 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석결과 회귀모형에 대한 수정된 $R^2$ 값이 0.567로 회귀모형이 56.7%로 적합하며, 직무자율성이 적고 조직체계가 합리적이지 못할 때 직무만족도가 감소하였으며, 3교대 근무자에 비해 2교대 근무자의 직무만족도가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러므로 직무만족도를 높이기 위해 PA(전담)간호사의 직무자율성과 조직체계에 대한 직무스트레스를 감소시키기 위한 병원정책이 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.558-571
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• 2022

Objective : The primary objective of this study was to identify predicting factors for local control (LC) of atypical meningioma, and we validated them with comparing the predicting factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS). We also examined the rate of LC after surgical resection with or without adjuvant treatment and RFS. Methods : Clinical and radiological records of patients with atypical meningiomas diagnosed at two institutes from January 2000 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Histopathological features were also reviewed using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from pathological archives. Results : Of the 99 atypical meningiomas eligible for analysis, 36 (36.4%) recurred during the follow-up period (mean, 83.3 months; range, 12-232 months). The rate of 3-year LC and 5-year LC was 80.8% and 74.7%, respectively. The mean time-to-recurrence was 49.4 months (range, 12-150). The mean RFS was 149.3 months (95% confidence interval, 128.8-169.8 months) during the mean follow-up duration of 83.3 months (range, 12-232 months). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional-hazard regression model showed that the extent of resection (hazard ratio [HR], 4.761; p=0.013), Ki67 index (HR, 8.541; p=0.004), mitotic index (HR, 3.275; p=0.044), and tumor size (HR, 3.228; p=0.041) were independently associated with LC. These factors were also statistically associated with RFS. In terms of radiotherapy after surgical resection, the recurrence was not prevented by immediate radiotherapy because of the strong effect of proliferative index on recurrence. Conclusion : The present study suggests that the extent of resection, proliferative index (according to Ki67 expression) and mitotic index, and tumor size are associated with recurrence of atypical meningiomas. However, our results should be further validated through prospective and randomized clinical trials to overcome the inborn bias of retrospective nature of the study design.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2024

Objective : Blood-blister aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are challenging lesions with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although research on BBAs is well documented in different populations, the study of BBAs in the Tibetan population is extremely rare. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of BBAs and analyze the treatment modalities and long-term outcomes in the Tibetan population in comparison with the Han population. Methods : The characteristics of patients with BBAs of the ICA from January 2009 to January 2021 at our institution were reviewed. The features of aneurysms, treatment modalities, complications, and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results : A total of 130 patients (41 Tibetan and 89 Han patients) with BBAs of the ICA who underwent treatment were enrolled. Compared with the Han group, the Tibetan group significantly demonstrated a high ratio of BBAs among ICAs (8.6%, 41/477 vs. 1.6%, 89/5563; p<0.05), a high ratio of vasospasm (34.1%, 14/41 vs. 6.7%, 6/89; p=0.001), a high risk of ischemic events (43.9%, 18/41 vs. 22.5%, 20/89; p<0.05), and a low ratio of good outcomes (modified Rankin scale, 0-2) at the 1-year follow-up (51.2%, 21/41 vs. 74.2%, 66/89; p<0.05). The multivariate regression model showed that ischemic events significantly contributed to the prediction of outcomes at 1 year. Further analysis revealed that microsurgery and vasospasm were associated with ischemic events. Conclusion : In comparison with Han patients, the Tibetan population had a high ratio of BBA occurrence, a high incidence of ischemic events, and a high ratio of poor outcomes. The endovascular approach showed more benefits in BBA patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.511-522
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study examined the association between homocysteine and diabetes mellitus in patients with H-type hypertension and assessed the possible effect modifiers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,255 eligible participants in the 'H-type Hypertension Management and Stroke Prevention Strategic International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project' among rural Chinese people with H-type hypertension. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean level of total homocysteine (tHcy) in the diabetes mellitus population was 19.37 μmol/L, which was significantly higher than the non-diabetic patients (18.18 μmol/L). When tHcy was analyzed as a continuous variable, the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.35; per interquartile range). When tHcy was stratified according to the quintile, the ORs for diabetes were 2.86 (95% CI, 1.22-6.69) in the highest quintile (tHcy ≥ 20.60 μmol/L) compared to the reference group (tHcy < 12.04 μmol/L). When tHcy was grouped by 15 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L, patients with tHcy ≥ 20 μmol/L had a significantly (P = 0.037) higher risk of diabetes (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.04-3.96) than in those with tHcy < 15 μmol/L. Subgroup analysis showed that the tHcy-diabetes association was unaffected by other variables. CONCLUSION: In this study of rural Chinese people with H-type hypertension, the tHcy levels showed a positive association with diabetes mellitus. This independent association is unaffected by other potential risk factors.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Calcium is a preventive factor for colorectal cancer, which develops from colorectal adenoma. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake and prevalence of colorectal adenoma among Korean adults. Methods: Overall, 612 participants aged ≥ 20 years who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at 8 medical centers from 2021 to 2023 were included. Dietary calcium intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and was energy-adjusted using the residual model. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate for the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The associations between dietary calcium intake and colorectal adenoma prevalence were also assessed according to the anatomic subsites and adenoma status (advanced or nonadvanced). Results: Among the 612 participants, 269 were diagnosed with colorectal adenoma (170 men and 99 women). With respect to the gender-specific association, low dietary calcium intake was associated with higher prevalence of colorectal adenoma among men (ORs [95% CIs]: 2.13 [0.50-9.00] for < 250 mg/day; 3.53 [1.06-11.76], 250 to < 350 mg/day; and 1.84 [0.63-5.35], 350 to < 650 mg/day, compared to ≥ 650 mg/day of dietary calcium [p for trend = 0.07]). Similar association was observed among women, but neither the association nor trend was statistically significant (p for trend = 0.59). These inverse associations remained similar for distal colon/rectal adenoma among women and advanced adenoma among men. Conclusions: Low dietary calcium intake was associated with high colorectal adenoma prevalence, particularly among men. Given the limited number of studies among Asian populations, our findings should be replicated in other Asian groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

배경: 비소세포폐암에 흔히 발생하는 악성 흉수는 환자의 예후에 나쁜 인자로 작용하여, 원격전이가 발생한 환자들과 비슷한 생존기간을 보인다. 비소세포폐암에 발생하는 악성 흉수의 진단과 치료에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어졌으나, 환자의 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 저자들은 악성 흉수가 발생한 비소세포폐암 환자들의 예후에 영향을 미치는 예후 인자들을 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 악성 흉수를 동반한 비소세포폐암으로 치료를 받은 환자 33명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 예후에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있는 환자의 특성(성별, 연령), 폐암 조직형 및 병기, 흉수 천자액 검사(pH, CEA, LDH, glucose, albumin), 흉수 발견 후 치료 방법을 인자로 설정하여 조사하였다. 각 인자의 생존기간을 Kaplan-Meier법으로 구한 후, log-rank test를 통한 단변량분석으로 인자 각 군의 생존기간 차이를 비교하였고, 환자의 예후에 영향을 미치는 독립적 예후 인자를 찾기 위해 다변량분석으로 Cox Regression을 실시하였다. 결과: 대상환자 33명의 폐암 조직형은 선암이 23명으로 가장 많았다. 폐암과 악성 흉수가 동시에 진단된 경우를 제외하면 폐암 진단 후 악성 흉수가 진단되기까지의 중앙값 기간은 7.3개월($25^{th}{\sim}75^{th}:\;3.9{\sim}11.8$)이었다. 환자의 중앙값 생존기간은 3.6개월(95% Confidence Interval: $1.14{\sim}5.99$)이었다. 단변량분석에선 폐암 조직형이 유의성은 떨어지나 생존기간에 차이를 보였다(선암 4.067 vs. 비선암 1.867 개월, p=0.067). 교란변수의 영향을 제거한 다변량분석에서 통계적 유의성은 없으나 비선암이 선암보다 사망위험도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다(R.R 2.754, 95% Cl $0.988{\sim}7.672$, p=0.053). 결론: 본 연구에서 저자들은 악성흉수가 발생한 비소세포폐암 환자들의 예후에 영향을 미치는 예후 인자를 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 조직형에 따라 암사망 위험도에 차이를 보이는 경향이 관찰되어 향후 이에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.264-276
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• 2023

본 연구는 수도권에 거주하는 결혼이주여성 및 다문화가정을 대상으로 구조적·자연적, 정치적·경제적, 사회문화적 영역에서의 식품환경 요소들과 가구 식품불안정성 간의 연관성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 설문조사는 2018년 11월부터 2020년 2월까지 서울 및 수도권에 거주하는 중국, 베트남, 일본, 캄보디아, 몽골, 러시아, 대만 출신의 결혼이주여성 249명을 대상으로 실시되었다 (BE2018-34). 식품환경 요소는 구조적·자연적 영역에서 유용성과 접근성, 정치적·경제적 영역에서 가용성과 식품지원 및 영양교육 수혜 경험, 사회문화적 영역에서 영양지식, 조리능력, 양육방식, 가족과의 식사, 사회적 지지, 미디어의 영향력이 포함되었다. 가구 식품 불안정성은 국민건강영양조사의 식품안정성 측정 도구로 측정 및 계산되었다. 응답이 불충분하거나 식품불안정성 점수 산출이 어려운 경우를 제외한 229명을 대상으로 위계적 다중선형 회귀분석을 수행한 결과, 사회문화적 영역의 건강한 식생활에 대한 가족들의 사회적 지지가 가장 먼저 모델에 포함되었으며, 정치적·경제적 영역의 식품지원 서비스 수혜 경험 여부와 구조적·자연적 영역의 지난 1주일간 식품 보유 상황이 순서대로 추가되었다. 결과적으로 식품불안정성은 사회적 지지 및 식품 보유 상황과는 음의 연관성, 식품지원 서비스 수혜경험과는 양의 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 총 세 가지의 식품환경 요소가 포함된 최종회귀모델은 가구 식품불안정성에 대하여 약 30%를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다 (adjusted R² = 0.298, p < 0.001). 이러한 결과를 통해 보편적으로 가구 식품불안정성의 영향 요인으로 알려져 있는 식품지원 수혜 경험과 같은 경제적 요인이나 식품 보유 상황과 같은 물리적 요인 이외에도 가족들의 건강한 식생활에 대한 사회적 지지가 가구 식품불안정성과 연관될 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 다문화가정의 가구 식품불안정성 개선을 위한 정책적 지원 프로그램이 경제적 측면뿐만 아니라 가족 간 관계나 가족 및 지역사회로부터의 사회적 지지 등 사회문화적 측면까지 포괄적으로 고려하여 기획되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.78-98
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• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.