• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

High energy electron beams were to concentrically dose inside a tumor and more energy is a shape decreased of dose. Therefore, it is useful to radiation therapy of a tumor. Also high energy electron beams ionized into collision with a atom in structure material of tissue and it has big changes to dose distribution by multiple scattering. The study had to establish characteristic of electron beams from interaction of electron beams and materials. Experiment method was to measure dependence of electron beam central axis for depth dose curve, field flatness and symmetry and field size dependence. The results were able to evaluate data for a datum pint of electron beam. Also radiotherapy has to be considered for not only energy pencil of lines but characteristic, electron guide and isodose curves distribution.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

Objective: This study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of low-dose FSH regimen, comparing with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (CC/hMG) regimen. Methods: Retrospective study of the ovulatory factor infertility 39 patients who had been treated by intrauterine insemination (IUI). The 31 cycles of 21 patients were stimulated by CC/hMG regimen, the 22 cycles of 18 patients were stimulated by low-dose FSH regimen. We compared the rate of clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) of both group. Results: The rate of clinical pregnancy of the CC/hMG group was 25.7% per cycle, and that of the low-dose FSH group was 54.5% per cycle. The low-dose FSH group showed a higher rate of clinical pregnancy per cycle than CC/hMG group (p=0.028). However, no differences was found statistically in the rate of multiple pregnancy and OHSS between CC/hMG group (22.2%, 5.7%) and low-dose FSH group (33.3%, 13.6%). Conclusion: This study showed that the low-dose FSH regimen is superior to CC/hMG regimen in getting clinical pregnancy, but dose not reduce the ovulation induction complications.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.261.2-261.2
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• 2002

Hypoglycemic effect of GRA was examined in multiple low dose(MLD) streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats with regard to time of administration. Experimental methods: 20 mg/kg of STZ in 100 mM citrate buffer(pH 4.5) was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. In co-treatment groups, GRA was administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks at dose of 150 or 300 kg/kg. (omitted)

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.431-437
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• 1993

방사선 수술에 있어서 선량 형태를 변형시키기 위한 조사변수들의 선택은 중요한 문제이다. 선형가속기를 이용한 뇌정위적 방사선 수술은 통상 원형 조사면과 다중 arc를 이용하여 구형 형태의 선량을 얻는 방법을 이용하고 있다. 그러나, 병소가 임의의 형태인 경우 구형의 선량으로서는 병소 이외에 정상조직도 많은 선량이 가해지게 된다. 현재 병소형태의 선량을 얻기 위한 방법으로 multiple isocenters를 이용하거나, 각 arc에 달리 weights를 주는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 병소의 beam's eye view를 이용하여 조사 위치에서 조사면을 shaping하는 새로운 방법에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. 이러한 conformal조사 방법은 병소와 정상조직의 가시적인 3차원 선량분포와 dose volume histogram의 분석 방법을 통하여 검증되었다. conformal 방법을 이용한 경우 multiple isocenter를 이용한 경우보다 적은 arc 수를 가지고도 상응하는 dose gradient와 더 나은 선량의 균질성을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1996

A series of experiments were designed to determine the feasibility of single dose of FSH as an effective superovulation method in rabbits. The superovulation treatments examined comparatively were as follows: 1) a single injection of 100 IU PMSG, 2) Multiple injections of 1 IU Super-OV of 2X daily for 3 days, 3) Multiple injections of 6.6 rng Folltropin-V 2X daily for 3 days, 4) Multiple injections of 13.3 rng Folltropn-V l$\times$ daily for 3 days, 5) Single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V solved in 10% PVP, and 6) Single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP. The results obtained were as follows: The nurnher of ovulation points in the single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP and multiple injections of 6.6 mg Folltropin-V 2X daily for 3 days was averaged 44.6 and 39.2, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.05) more than in a single dose of PMSG or multiple doses of Super-OV. The number of total ova recovered in the single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP and multiple injections of 6.6 mg Folltropin-V 2X daily for 3 days was averaged 30.4 and 25.9, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.05) more than in the single dose of PMSG or multiple doses of Super-OV. A similar result was obtained for the number of fertilized ova recovered from the above six treatments. From the above results it was concluded that a single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP could be an effective and simple method for superovulation in rabbits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1194-1203
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• 2021

Preparation of recipient stallions is critical step to produce donor spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) derived sperm using transplantation technique. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intravenous busulfan infusion on germ cell depletion, semen production, and libido in stallions. Six Thoroughbred stallions were separated into two treatment groups: 1) a multiple low-dose (2.5 mg/kg bw for the first 4 weeks and 5 mg/kg bw for the 5th week); and 2) control group treated with PBS. Testicular samples were obtained at 11 weeks and classified into three different patterns of spermatogenesis, such as normal, Sertoli cell only, and destroyed. Semen collection and libido experiments were performed 1 week before treatment, and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. For the sperm analysis, total spermatozoa and motility were measured using a light microscope with a motility analyzing system. In the multiple low-dose group, the numbers of tubules categorized as Sertoli cell only were significantly higher than those in the control as well as the total population and total/progressive motility of sperm were significantly decreased 8 weeks after the start of the treatment. The sperm production and motility in the multiple low-dose group appears to be reduced, while libido was maintained. In conclusion, multiple administration of 2.5 mg/kg bw busulfan depletes endogenous germ cells in the stallion recipients for SSC transplantation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2015

Objectives : To evaluate the safety of multiple-dose intramuscular Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture in male and female Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats over a period of 4 weeks(12 sessions). Methods : In order to test the safety of multiple-dose intramuscular Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture we used 40 healthy male and female 6-week old SD rats(male weight 171.79~196.37 g, female weight 127.93~146.43 g). Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture was administered intramuscularly to male and female SD rats at doses of 4.6 (low dose group, n=10), 9.2 (moderate dose group, n=10), and 18.5 mg/kg(high dose group, n=10), respectively. General symptoms, body weight changes, blood tests, biochemical testing, necropsy, organ weight and histopathogical findings were examined over a 4-week period. Results : 1. No mortalities or adverse effects were caused by the investigational substance were observed during the study period. 2. There was no significant difference in body weight caused by the the investigational substance across all groups. 3. No significant between-group difference was found to be caused by the investigational substance in blood tests and biochemical testing. 4. No abnormalities were detected by a necropsy examination with the unaided eye at the macro level after treatment with the investigational substance. 5. Difference in organ weight between groups caused by the investigational substance was not found. 6. All groups did not exhibit pathological findings caused by the investigational substance in histopathogical examination. Conclusions : According to these results, Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture has no systemic or organ toxicity with multiple-dose intramuscular administrations in male and female SD rats over a 4-week period (12 sessions). These results imply that no adverse effects are observed at a level (NOAEL) of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture of 18.5 mg/kg.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1998

세기변조방사선치료 (Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy; IMRT) 의 치료계획 목적으로 사용하기 위한 선량최적화 방법을 Gradient based algorithm을 이용하여 개발하였다. 환자의 치료 관심 부위를 포함하는 약 10-30 CT 단면에 대하여 각 단면 별로 선량최적화를 실시하였고, 장기별로 최대 허용선량을 지정하였으며, 표적의 선량은 100$\pm$5 %로 제한하였다. beamlet의 크기는 8$\times$8 $cm^2$으로 제한하였고, beam size가 크지 않으므로 beam diverge는 고려하지 않았다. beamlet 하나가 만드는 선량분포를 미리 계산한 후, 선량중첩방식으로 전체 선량분포를 계산하였다. 고정된 동일평면에 대하여 5방향에서 입사하는 빔에 대한 최적화를 실시하였으며, 그 효용성을 비교하기 위해, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 방향에 입사하는 빔과 최적화지수를 구하였다. 선량최적화에 소요되는 시간은 대체로 slice 수에 비례하였으며, 계산시간과 최적화지수를 비교할 때 빔의 개수가 3-7개 일 때 가장 적합하였다. 다중단면에 대한 선량최적화를 beam divergence를 고려하지 않을 때, 단일 단면에 대한 선량최적화를 반복 시행함으로써 얻을 수 있었다. 선량최적화의 결과가 선량중심의 위치에 따라 민감하게 변하는 경우가 발생하였으며, 이를 개선하기 위해서는 선량중심의 최적화가 개발될 필요성이 있었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2005

Pre-dose 연대측정법은 석영의 $110^{\circ}C$ TL 피크의 민감도가 매장 기간 동안 시료가 흡수한 pre-dose와 활성 온도까지의 열처리에 의해 변화되는 pre-dose 현상을 이용한 연대측정법이다. 이 연구에서는 서천 추동리 문화유적에서 채집된 후 화학적으로 분리된 석영시료를 대상으로 pre-dose 연대측정을 실시하였다. 자연축적선량 결정을 위하여 MA(Multiple Activation)법이 적용되었으며 활성온도는 시료의 민감도 변화를 고려하여 $500^{\circ}C$로 결정하였고 냉광(luminescence)의 합산은 $85-105^{\circ}C$ 영역에서 이루어졌다. 최종적으로 산출된 시료의 연대는 $1725{\pm}25$년(1 ${\sigma}$ SD)이었으며 오차 범위 내에서 방사성탄소 연대측정 결과와 정확히 일치하고 radiocarbon plateau에 포함된 방사성탄소 연대측정보다 높은 정밀도를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 pre-dose 연대측정을 통하여 산출된 연대는 정밀도와 정확도의 높은 증가로 인하여 기원 이후의 고고학적 사건들에 대한 지시자로서의 역할이 가능하리라 기대된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of symptomatic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received local radiotherapy (LRT). Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients with 87 symptomatic bone lesions treated via LRT were analyzed. LRT was delivered at a median total dose of 21 Gy (range, 12 to 40 Gy) in a median of 7 fractions (range, 4 to 20 fractions). The clinical outcomes of LRT and the factors affecting treatment response were assessed. Results: After a median follow-up time of 66.7 weeks, symptom relief was achieved for 85 of 87 lesions (97.7%). The median time to symptom relief was 7 days from the start of LRT (range, 1 to 67 days). The duration of in-field failure-free survival ranged from 1.1 to 450.9 weeks (median, 66.7 weeks). The radiation dose or use of previous and concurrent chemotherapy was not significantly associated with in-field failure for LRT (p = 0.354, 0.758, and 0.758, respectively). Conclusion: Symptomatic bone lesions in patients with MM can be successfully treated with LRT. A higher radiation dose or the use of concurrent chemotherapy may not influence the in-field disease control. A relatively low radiation dose could achieve remission of symptoms in patients with MM.