• ALGAE
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2013

Major progress has been made in the past decade towards understanding of the biosynthesis of red carotenoid astaxanthin and its roles in stress response while exploiting microalgae-based astaxanthin as a potent antioxidant for human health and as a coloring agent for aquaculture applications. In this review, astaxanthin-producing green microalgae are briefly summarized with Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis recognized to be the most popular astaxanthin-producers. Two distinct pathways for astaxanthin synthesis along with associated cellular, physiological, and biochemical changes are elucidated using H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis as the model systems. Interactions between astaxanthin biosynthesis and photosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and enzymatic defense systems are described in the context of multiple lines of defense mechanisms working in concert against photooxidative stress. Major pros and cons of mass cultivation of H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis in phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic culture modes are analyzed. Recent progress in genetic engineering of plants and microalgae for astaxanthin production is presented. Future advancement in microalgal astaxanthin research will depend largely on genome sequencing of H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis and genetic toolbox development. Continuous effort along the heterotrophic-phototrophic culture mode could lead to major expansion of the microalgal astaxanthin industry.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.54-65
• /
• 2019

To develop a biomarker predicting tumor treatment efficacy is helpful to reduce time, medical expenditure, and efforts in oncology therapy. In clinics, microvessel density using immunohistochemistry has been proposed as an indicator that correlates with both tumor size and metastasis of cancer. In the preclinical study, we hypothesized that vascular morphometrics using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could be potential indicators to estimate the treatment efficacy of breast cancer. To verify this hypothesis, a 13762-MAT-B-III rat breast tumor was grown in a dorsal skinfold window chamber which was applied to a nude mouse, and the change in vascular morphology was longitudinally monitored during tumor growth and metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment. Based on the daily OCTA maximum intensity projection map, multiple vessel parameters (vessel skeleton density, vessel diameter index, fractal dimension, and lacunarity) were compared with the tumor size in no tumor, treated tumor, and untreated tumor cases. Although each case has only one animal, we found that the vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel diameter index and fractal dimension (FD) tended to be positively correlated with tumor size while lacunarity showed a partially negative correlation. Moreover, we observed that the changes in the VSD and FD are prior to the morphological change of the tumor. This feasibility study would be helpful in evaluating the tumor vascular response to treatment in preclinical settings.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2019

Inflammation is the crucial biological process of immune system which acts as body's defense and protective response against the injuries or infection. However, the systemic inflammation devotes the adverse effects such as multiple inflammation associated diseases. One of the best ways to treat this entity is by blocking the tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to avoid the proinflammation cytokines production. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds as anti-inflammation through in silico approach. In order to assess that, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction properties between the $TNF-{\alpha}$ or TRAIL with the ligands. The 2D structure of ligands were retrieved online via PubChem and the 3D protein modeling was done by using SWISS Model. The prediction results of the study showed that caffeic acid (-6.4 kcal/mol) and homovanillic acid (-6.6 kcal/mol) have the greatest binding affinity against the $TNF-{\alpha}$ and TRAIL respectively. This evidence suggests that caffeic acid and homovanillic acid may potent as anti-inflammatory agent against the inflammation associated diseases. Finally, this study needs further examination and evaluation to validate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.617-630
• /
• 2019

Currently most of the vision-based structural identification research focus either on structural input (vehicle location) estimation or on structural output (structural displacement and strain responses) estimation. The structural condition assessment at global level just with the vision-based structural output cannot give a normalized response irrespective of the type and/or load configurations of the vehicles. Combining the vision-based structural input and the structural output from non-contact sensors overcomes the disadvantage given above, while reducing cost, time, labor force including cable wiring work. In conventional traffic monitoring, sometimes traffic closure is essential for bridge structures, which may cause other severe problems such as traffic jams and accidents. In this study, a completely non-contact structural identification system is proposed, and the system mainly targets the identification of bridge unit influence line (UIL) under operational traffic. Both the structural input (vehicle location information) and output (displacement responses) are obtained by only using cameras and computer vision techniques. Multiple cameras are synchronized by audio signal pattern recognition. The proposed system is verified with a laboratory experiment on a scaled bridge model under a small moving truck load and a field application on a footbridge on campus under a moving golf cart load. The UILs are successfully identified in both bridge cases. The pedestrian loads are also estimated with the extracted UIL and the predicted weights of pedestrians are observed to be in acceptable ranges.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1573-1582
• /
• 2022

In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for 3D structure printing of alternative fats that have the textural properties of lard using beeswax (BW)-based oleogel by a statistical analysis. Products printed with over 15% BW oleogel at 50% and 75% infill level (IL) showed high printing accuracy with the lowest dimensional printing deviation for the designed model. The hardness, cohesion, and adhesion of printed samples were influenced by BW concentration and infill level. For multi-response optimization, fixed target values (hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness) were applied with lard printed at 75% IL. The preparation parameters obtained as a result of multiple reaction prediction were 58.9% IL and 16.0% BW, and printing with this oleogel achieved fixed target values similar to those of lard. In conclusion, our study shows that 3D printing based on the BW oleogel system produces complex internal structures that allow adjustment of the textural properties of the printed samples, and BW oleogels could potentially serve as an excellent replacement for fat.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.475-483
• /
• 2023

In this paper, a new energy-efficient semi-active hybrid bulk damper is developed that is cost-effective for use in structural applications. In this work, the possibility of active and semi-active component configurations combined with suitable control algorithms, especially vibration control methods, is explored. The equations of motion for a container bridge equipped with an MDOF Mass Tuned Damper (M-TMD) system are established, and the combination of excitation, adhesion, and control effects are performed by a proprietary package and commercial custom submodel software. Systematic methods for the synthesis of structural components and active systems have been used in many applications because of the main interest in designing efficient devices and high-performance structural systems. A rational strategy can be established by properly controlling the master injection frequency parameter. Simulation results show that the multiscale model approach is achieved and meets accuracy with high computational efficiency. The M-TMD system can significantly improve the overall response of constrained structures by modestly reducing the critical stress amplitude of the frame. This design can be believed to build affordable, safe, environmentally friendly, resilient, sustainable infrastructure and transportation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.341-380
• /
• 2023

This study evaluates the seismic fragilities in fill slopes in South Korea through parametric finite element analyses that have been barely investigated thus far. We consider three slope geometries for a slope of height 10 m and three slope angles, and two soil types, namely frictional and frictionless, associated with two soil states, loose and dense for frictional soils and soft and stiff for frictionless soils. The input ground motions accounting for four site conditions in South Korea are obtained from one-dimensional site response analyses. By comparing the numerical modeling of slopes using PLAXIS^2D against the previous studies, we compiled suites of the maximum permanent slope displacement (D_max) against two ground motion parameters, namely, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and Arias Intensity (I_A). A probabilistic seismic demand model is adopted to compute the probabilities of exceeding three limit states (minor, moderate, and extensive). We propose multiple seismic fragility curves as functions of a single ground motion parameter and numerous seismic fragility surfaces as functions of two ground motion parameters. The results show that soil type, slope angle, and input ground motion influence these probabilities, and are expected to help regional authorities and engineers assess the seismic fragility of fill slopes in the road systems in South Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.568-576
• /
• 2018

폐감귤박으로 제조한 활성탄(WCAC, waste citrus peel based activated carbon)에 의한 항생제 trimethoprim (TMP)의 흡착 특성을 조사하기 위해 반응표면법(RSM, response surface methodology)을 사용하여 TMP 흡착에 대한 운전인자들의 영향을 조사하였다. 농도($X_1$: 50-150 mg/L), pH ($X_2$: 4-10), 온도($X_3$: 293-323 K), 흡착제 투여량($X_4$: 0.05-0.15 g)의 4가지 입력 파라미터를 가진 4-요인 Box-Behnken 실험 설계에 따라 회분식 실험을 수행하고, 얻어진 실험 결과를 다중 회귀 분석으로 2차 다항식에 맞추고 통계적 방법을 사용하여 검토하였다. 독립 변수 및 변수들 간의 교호 작용의 유의성은 ANOVA 및 t-검정 통계기법으로 평가하였으며, 통계적 결과는 TMP 농도가 다른 요인들에 비하여 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 운전인자라는 것을 보여 주었다. 흡착공정은 유사 2차 속도식에 잘 부합하였으며, 등온흡착평형관계는 Langmuir 식이 Freundlich 식 보다 잘 부합하였다. Langmuir 등온식으로 부터 계산한 WCAC에 의한 TMP의 최대 흡착량은 293 K에서 144.9 mg/g이었다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제5권10호
• /
• pp.2627-2640
• /
• 1998

본 논문은 이동 컴퓨터 통신 환경에서 IP(Internet Protocol) 데이터그램을 전송하기 위한 가상 셀 시스템(virtual cell system0의 성능 분석을 다룬다. 하나의 가상 셀은 이웃한 다수의 물리적 셀(physical cell)들의 집합으로서, 원격브리지(remote bridge)로 구현된 기지국(base station)들을 멀티캐스트 기능을 갖는 고속 데이터그램 패킷 데이터망으로 연결하여 구성된다. 가상 셀 시스템에서의 호스트 이동성은 기지국들 사이에 분산되어 있는 계층적 위치정보를 기반으로 동작하는 데이터링크 계층의 가상 셀 프로토콜(Virtual Cell Protocol )을 통하여 지원된다〔1〕. 이러한 가상 셀 시스템은 물리적 셀들 사이에 임의의 호스트 이동성 패턴과 데이터전송 패턴이 주어진 경우에 전체 시스템의 통신 비용을 최소화할 수 있도록 논리적으로 유연한 가상 셀 시스템의 구축을 가능하게 한다〔2〕. 본 논문에서는 가사 dtpf 시스템의 성능 모델로서 BCMP 개방 복합 클래스 대기 행렬 네트워크(BCMP open multiple class queueing network)를 채택하고, 물리적 셀들 사이의 호스트 이동성 패턴과 데이터전송 패턴에 대하여 임의의 토폴지와 최적화된 토폴로지로 구축된 가상 셀 시스템의 성능을 비교 분석한다. 특히 이동 호스트 수, 이동 속도, 그리고 데이터전송 양과 같은 다양한 시스템 파라메타를 변화시키면서 이에 따라 생성되는 데이터 메시지, 핸드오프(handoff) 메시지, 그리고 주소 용해(address resolution) 메시지 각각에 대하여 망 구성요소의 이용도(utilization)와 시스템 처리 시간(system response time)을 비교 분석한다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 2013

에너지파일은 말뚝 내부에 열교환을 위한 순환파이프를 설치하여 파이프 내에 열전달 유체를 순환시킴으로써 주변 지반의 열에너지와 말뚝 간의 열교환을 가능하게 한 구조물이다. 에너지파일은 기존의 지중 열교환기와 비교하여 경제적, 시공적인 측면에서 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 코일형 PHC 에너지파일을 시공하여 그 열적거동을 실험 및 수치해석을 통하여 평가하였으며, 해당 에너지파일의 예비설계를 수행하였다. 현장 시공된 코일형 PHC 에너지파일에 대한 현장 열응답시험(thermal response test, TRT)를 실시하고, 이 결과를 Man et al.(2010)이 제안한 개선된 원통형 열원 모델(solid cylinder source model) 결과와 비교하였다. 또한 현장 열응답 시험 결과를 FLUENT를 이용한 전산유체(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 수치해석을 통해 모사함으로써, 대상 지반의 열전도도를 역해석을 통해 산정하였다. 코일형 PHC 에너지파일에 설치된 코일형 열교환 파이프의 파이프 루프 간 간격에 따른 열간섭을 평가하기 위하여 코일피치에 변화를 주며 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 결과를 통해 코일피치에 따른 에너지파일의 열거동 및 열교환 효율을 평가하였다. 마지막으로 수치해석을 통해 코일형 PHC 에너지파일과 일반적인 복합 U-형 열교환 파이프가 삽입된 PHC 에너지파일 간의 열교환 효율을 비교하여 코일형 PHC 에너지파일의 등가 열교환율(또는 등가 환산계수)을 제시하였고, 이를 PILESIM2를 이용한 설계 알고리즘에 적용함으로써 해당 에너지파일의 예비설계를 수행하였다.