• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.331-345
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of operational practices of contract foodservice management company on relationship quality and recontract intention. To verify research model, 126 data were collected from client companies of E contract foodservice management company and analyzed using structural equation modeling and multiple regression. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, direct factors such as operational costs, menu management, and service management had significant influences on food service quality. On the other hand, indirect factors such as operational supportability, brand image, and capacity of sales management were not important to food service quality. Second, indirect operational practices had significant effects on trust. That is, when operational supportability was increased, brand image was enhanced, and capacity of sales management was strengthened, client company's trust on contract foodservice company was increased. Among them, brand image showed the highest effect. Also, direct practices such as operational costs, menu management, and sanitary/facilities management significantly influenced on trust. Third, food service quality significantly affected trust. Finally, only trust had significant effect on recontract intention but food service quality did not. This means that food service quality alone is not enough to earn recontract intention. Relationship marketing efforts to form trust should be made between contract foodservice company and client company.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2012

Background : Interstitial cystitis is a disorder of the bladder characterized by urgency and frequency of urination, and pelvic pain. The cause of interstitial cystitis is not clear. Modern medical treatments include behavioral therapy, medication, intravesical infusion therapy, and surgical treatment, but the goal of treatment is based on symptom relief rather than a cure. According to a recent report, in an animal model, oriental medicine treatment, Yukmijihwang-tang improved the symptoms of interstitial cystitis. However, clinical studies and experimental research are lacking. Objectives : In this study, We investigated Chuknyojetong-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion and bee venom effect on interstitial cystitis. Methods : We targeted 25 patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis at the university hospital and treated them for more than one month. We used acupuncture, Chuknyojetong-tang, and bee venom. The effects were evaluated using ICSI and ICPI at the begin of treatment and at the end of treatment. Results : All of the 25 patients were female, average age was $53.3{\pm}13.5$ years, and the average month of disease-duration was $69.0{\pm}59.8$. The duration of treatment was $8.0{\pm}5.4$ months, and 60% of patients were improved. After treatment, we used correlation coefficient method, multiple regression analysis. ICSI difference increased as treatment period increased. ICPI difference increased as age decreased. Total difference also increased as treatment period increased. These results imply that treatment effect was improved. Conclusions : These findings suggest that oriental medicine therapy using Chuknyojetong-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion, and bee venom would be very effective on interstitial cystitis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the associations of non alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic syndrome and the serum carotenoids. Methods : This study was conducted in a general hospital in South Korea from November, 2004 to August, 2005. The study subjects were 350 sampled persons who were aged from 40 years and older (males : 180, females : 170). They were grouped into the normal, mild and severe groups according to fat accumulation in their livers, as determined by ultrasonography. We analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome by multiple logistic regression analysis and we analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and the serum carotenoids by a general linear model(ANCOVA). Results : After adjustment for the effect of potential covariates, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was associated with fat accumulation in the liver (p trend <0.001). If the odds ratio of normal group is 1.00, then that of the mild group is 2.80 (95% C.I=1.17-6.71) and that of the severe group is 7.29 (95% C.I=2.76-19.30). The prevalence of metabolic alterations fitting the criteria of metabolic syndrome, according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver, was significantly increased, except for criteria of high blood pressure, a large waist circumference and low HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol level (p trend <0.001). The level of serum ${\beta}$-carotene was decreased according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver (p trend=0.036), but the levels of serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, lycopene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin and lutein were not decreased. Conclusions : This study shows that non alcoholic fatty liver was associated with metabolic syndrome and with the serum ${\beta}$-carotene level.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The purposes of the study were to identify satisfaction and achievement of learning by female learner's characteristics, and to suggest measures to improve quality of education in internet education programs. In order to determine the educational effectiveness associated with the characteristics of learners, this study attempted to employ two way approaches by observing the degree of achievement for learning, which represents an instructor-oriented approach, and the degree of satisfaction for education, which represents a learner-oriented approach to enhance the quality of internet education for female learners. As an approach to evaluate the educational effectiveness, the degree of achievement in learning(Tyler's classical approach), and the degree of satisfaction for education (Scriven's consumer-oriented evaluation model) were utilized. A survey form was developed by the researcher after reviewing the various tools originated from Boshier, Cross, Gagne and Choi, and distributed to a panel of judges that examined the content validity of the instrument. The sample for the study consisted of 160 female learners from three universities in Seoul and capital area, and the survey form was used to collect data for this study. The SPSS WIN program was used in analyzing the data and a series of statistical tests were conducted including frequency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, and factor analysis. The statistical significance level was 0.05. The following conclusion were drawn from this study of female internet education. First, it was evident that female internet learners tend to utilize information from internet, and this can be interpreted as participants' positive attitude, and voluntary participation. Second, educational facilities and services should be improved in the future, because the level of satisfaction was low in these areas compared to curriculum and educational methodology. Third, the participating factors influenced by the level of satisfaction for education of learner characteristics were the 'formation of inter-personal relationship and willingness to change' and the 'needs for education on internet', thus appeared that both social and educational needs influenced the level of satisfaction for education. Fourth, the degree of achievement in learning was higher in the order of 1) attitude 2) function 3) knowledge, thus, attitude change was the most important in achievement of learning. Fifth, the individual background that influenced the level of achievement in learning were age and educational experience. As for the individual level of achievement for learning, the younger and more educated group were more satisfied.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 2009

Vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. There have been studies on the nutritional status of vitamin D in postmenopausal women at Seoul and premenopausal women at Busan, and these studies showed that nearly no relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the obesity index existed. However, there have been no studies that examined about the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in Korea. In this study, we investigated serum vitamin D levels and the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), obesity index (body mass index, percentage of body fat and waist circumference) in 180 premenopausal women (non-obese women 87.8%, obese women 12.2%) in spring (March~April), fall (September~October) and winter (January~February) at Daejeon. Serum vitamin D levels were lower in winter than in spring-fall, after adjusting for age and the obesity index. The frequency of vitamin D inadequacy (serum vitamin D levels were $\leq$ 20 ng/mL) was 45.5% in winter and, 23.5% in spring-fall, and which showed that vitamin D inadequacy was higher in winter than in spring-fall. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum vitamin D levels had no relationship with the obesity index or insulin resistance. There was no difference in the obesity index or insulin resistance between the vitamin D inadequacy and normal group, and there was no relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the obesity index or insulin resistance in non-obese and obese premenopausal women, respectively. In conclusion, serum vitamin D levels in premenopausal women at Daejeon were lower in winter than in spring-fall, and the frequency of vitamin D inadequacy was higher in winter than in spring-fall. Serum vitamin D levels had no relationship with the obesity index or insulin resistance in premenopausal women, most of whom were not obese.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.51-77
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• 2015

This study attempts to examine the relationship between human resource management & financial resource management and service quality in social service organizations in Korea. This study utilizes '2012 Central Government Social Welfare Facilities Evaluation (CGSWFE)' data and employs multiple regression method to examine research model. The key findings of this study are as follows: (1) after controlling extraneous variables (organizational characteristics), among human resource management related variables, performance appraisal, fringe benefits, supervision, formal grievance procedure, the percentage of employees with certified professional license, and salary have statistically significant relationships with service quality in a positive direction; (2) among financial resource management related variables, the percentage of additional governmental funding beyond basic government subsidies, accounting management, and transparent use and management of donations have statistically significant relationships with service quality in a positive direction; and (3) human resource management related variables are stronger than financial resource management related variables in explaining service quality. The findings imply that more systematic human resource management and financial resource management would be very important in strengthening service quality in social service organizations. This study provides new knowledge foundation regarding the effect of human resource management and financial resource management on service quality in social service organizations.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.254-270
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• 2002

This descriptive correlational study was conducted to identify the variables related to a health promoting lifestyle in women student of high school. 286 students were selected by a convenience sampling method. The data were collected by self - reported questionnaires from 10 to July 13, 2002. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS program. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The average score of health promoting behavior was 2.46 of a 4 point scale. Sanitary life(3.05), interpersonal support(2.80), alcohol & smoking(2.79) Self actualization(2.76), habit of meal(2.52), rest & sleeping(2.33) regulation of meal(2.30) stress management(2.05), health responsibility(1.91) were also analyzed. 2. Health promoting lifestyle showed significant positive correlations with self-esteem (r=0.446, p<0.00l), life orientation test(r=.493, P<0.0l) and score(F=6.157, P=0.002) 3. Perceived health state showed significant correlation with alcohol & smoking subscale(r=-.134, P<0.05) of health promoting lifestyle. Self-esteem showed significant correlation with total health promoting lifestyle(r=.538, P<0.01), and showed significant correlation self-actualization subscale(r=.657, P<0.01) health responsibility subscale (r=.272, P<0.01), food regulation subscale(r=.126, P<0.05), interpersonal relationship subscale (r=.468, P<0.0l), stress management subscale(r=.349, P<0.01) sanitary life subscale (r=.282, P<0.01) sleep & rest subscale(r=.123, P<0.05). Life orientation test showed significant correlation with total health promoting lifestyle(r=.493, p<0.01), self­actualization subscale(r=.643, p<0.01) health responsibility subscale(r=.192, P<0.0l), habit of meal subscale(r=.215, p<0.01), interpersonal relationship subscale(r=.423, p<0.01), stress management subscale(r=.345, p<0.01) sanitary life subscale(r=.191, p<0.01) sleep & rest subscale(r=.137, P<0.05). Stress response showed significant correlation with sleep & rest subscale(r=-.137, P<0.05) of health promoting lifestyle. 4. The combination of self-esteem. life orientation test explained $33.2\%$ of the variance in health promoting lifestyle. On the basis of the above findings. self-esteem and Life Orientation Test were identified as the variables which explained most of Pender's health promoting model. Nursing strategies enhancing self-esteem and Life Orientation Test which have a more significant effect on health promoting lifestyles should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2017

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters for common ketosis indicators (${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid, BHBA; milk acetone), feed intake efficiency indicator (energy-corrected milk, ECM), and milk yield (MY) in Korean Holstein. A total of 75,072 monthly test-day records from 14,397 first parity cows were collected, between 2012 and 2016, from Korea animal improvement association enrolled farms. Variance components were estimated using a multiple trait random regression model. The heritability of BHBA and acetone levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 at different DIMs. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between BHBA and acetone were between 0.73 and 0.90, and between 0.93 and 0.98, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between BHBA and MY, between acetone and MY, between BHBA and ECM, and between acetone and ECM ranged from -0.18 to -0.05, -0.23 to -0.05, 0 to 0.10, and -0.09 to 0.01, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between BHBA and MY, between acetone and MY, between BHBA and ECM, and between acetone and ECM also ranged from -0.55 to 0.05, -0.62 to -0.04, -0.10 to 0.11, and -0.20 to 0.00, respectively. We hope that these results would greatly assist in the improvement of ketosis disease in the local Holsteins.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-61
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• 1998

A study on cooperative medical treatment system between oriental and western medical practitioners was conducted from March through August 1997 in order to determine a productive model of cooperation of two medical parts for treatment of patients. Questionnaires were distributed to 195 medical doctors(M.D.) and 195 doctors of oriental medicine(O.M.D.) working in clinics and hospitals in six major cities. Statistical analysis tools used for this study were frequency, t-test and multiple regression by using SPSS/P.C package. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The respondents were composed of male docotors(78%) and female doctors(22%) and 68.2% of M.D. and 97% of O.M.D. were interested in the other medical part. The doctors of both disciplines had some limitation on treatment of patients but they were reluctant to refer their patients to other doctors in different discipline. 2. M.D assumed that oriental medicine was more effective for chronic diseases, and O.M.D. thought that western medicine was more effective for acute diseases. 92.3% of O.M.D.s responded that even though they do not utilize western medical technology for diagnosis, they believed the results of diagnoses by western medical technology. 3. 60.5% of O.M. and 93.3% of O.M.D. said that cooperative medical treatment system could be necessary for patients and it would be effective for control of diseases and 69% of western medical doctors and 99% of oriental medical doctors agreed that oriental medical practice would be more effective for cerebellar vascular accidents than other diseases. 77.4% of western medical doctors and 92.3% of oriental medical doctors responded that the students of two different disciplines have to be taught on the other disciplines. 82.6% of western medical doctors and 83.3% oriental medical doctors agreed that it would be necessary to have collaborative research between scientists in two disciplines. 81.5% of M.D.s and 93.3% of O.M.D.s believed that they had prejudice and distrust on other discipline 4.90% of the doctors were not satisfied with the government medical policies on health insurance, legal matters, and health delivery system. 5. 75.4% of M.D.s and 50.2% of O.M.D.s said that two medical disciplines should be integrated, but they were skeptical on that. 75.3% of M.D.s thought that western hospitals should employ O.M.D.s Finally this study recommended that western medical students study oriental medicine and the vice versa, and M.D.s and O.M.D.s should have seminars and workshops to exchange knowledge, and experiences. It is also recommended that medical laws be revised to allow medical doctors refer the patients whom they can not handle to oriental medical doctors and the vice versa.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.287-305
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to analyze a causal effect on the housewife's leisure activity participation, leisure expenditure and leisure life satisfaction. Data was collected 249 housewives in Pusan. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way Anova, multiple regression, Pearson's correlation and path analysis. The main findings of the research were as follows: First, there were significant differences in leisure activity participation according to socio-demographic and economic variables. Physical type showed significant differences when housewife was 30's and unemployed, size of family was 3 and 4, age of the lastborn child was under 6, occupation of husband was professionals and technicians, educational attainment of housewife was under highschool graduate, pattern of housing was collective, income was higher. There were significant differences that occupation of husband was professionals and technicians, educational attainment of housewife was over junior college graduate, pattern of housing was collective, income was higher in self-developing type. restful type showed significant differences when housewife was 40's, age of the lastborn child was under 13-18, educational attainment of housewife was under highschool graduate. There were significant differences that housewife was unemployed in home-oriented type. There were significant differences that housewife was 30's and unemployed, size of family was 4, age of the lastborn child was under 6, occupation of husband was market and sales worker, educational attainment of housewife was over junior college graduate, pattern of housing was collective in time-spending type. Second, there were significant differences in leisure time, leisure expenditure and leisure life satisfaction according to socio-demographic and economic variables. Leisure time showed significant differences when housewife was unemployed, age of the lastborn child was under 13-18, occupation of husband was service, educational attainment of housewife was under highschool graduate, income was higher. Leisure expenditure showed significant differences when housewife was 30's, size of family was under 3, age of the lastborn child was under 6, occupation of husband was senior officials and manager, educational attainment of housewife was over junior college graduate, pattern of housing was collective, income was over 5,000,000 won. There were significant differences that housewife was unemployed in leisure life satisfaction. Third, casual effect was path analysed according to path model. Employment and unemployment of housewife, income and occupation of husband (product & transport equipment operator) had an effect on phycial type. Age of housewife, employment and unemployment of housewife and occupation of husband (product & transport equipment operator) had an effect on children-concerned type. Age of housewife had an effect on social-concerned type. Education of husband, income, age of lastborn child and occupation of husband (professor and teacher) had an effect on self-developing type. Age of lastborn child, employment and unemployment of housewife and occupation of husband(product & transport equipment operator) had an effect on children-concerned type. Age of lastborn child and children number had an effect on religious-social type. Employment and unemployment of housewife had an effect on home-oriented type. Age of housewife, education of husband had an effect on time-spending type. Restful type, employment and unemployment of housewife, and occupation of husband(service) have an effect on leisure time. Income, leisure time, self-developing type, children concerned type and occupation of husband(senior officials and manager) had an effect on leisure expenditure. Leisure expenditure, self-developing type, employment and nemploymentof housewife, income had an effect on leisure life satisfaction.