• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2006

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) is known to playa key role as a negative feedback regulator in JAK/STAT signaling cascade in innate immunity. Our laboratory has recently been interested in elucidating the interactions between Spodoptera exigua (Se) and SeNPV. This context leads us to clone and characterize SeSOCS that may have important functions in response to SeNPV infection. Using the RT-PCR and TA cloning approach, we found a partial fragment (416 bp) of SeSOCS. Blast search and multiple alignment data showed that it has a homology to various insects such as Anopheles gambiae (78%), Aedes aegypti (75%), Drosophila melanogastar (77%), Mus musculus (69%), and Homo sapiens (69%). Temporal induction patterns of SeSOCS were analysed after being immune-challenged with either NPV or laminarin. It showed that the level of SeSOCS mRNA was strongly induced in a biphasic manner in response to SeNPV and laminarin, respectively. It seems that SOCS, a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling system is also present in S. exigua and may playa role in innate immunity albeit its precise role should be further elucidated at the molecular and cellular level in the early phase of SeNPV infection in larvae.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

Reconfigurable CMOS low-noise amplifier (LAN) has been developed for multi-mode/multi-band wireless receiver. By employing common-gate input stage, the performance can be optimized for multiple operation bands by simply controlling the output load impedance. Although the conventional common-gate LAN has larger than 3dB noise figure (NF), the newly developed negative feedback scheme enables the common-gate input LNA to have less than 2dB NF. To have optimum linearity performance of wireless receiver, the gain of the LNA can be controlled. The LNA implemented in a 0.13mm CMOS technology shows $19{\sim}20dB$ voltage gain, $1.7{\sim}2.0dB$ NF, -2dBm iIP3 at $1.8{\sim}2.5GHz$ frequency range. The LNA dissipates 7mW from a 1.2V supply voltage.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

TGF-${\beta}$ regulates pleiotropic cellular responses including cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, extracellular matrix production, and many other biological processes. Although non-Smad signaling pathways are being increasingly reported to play many roles in TGF-${\beta}$-mediated biological processes, Smads, especially receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), still play a central mediatory role in TGF-${\beta}$ signaling for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, the biological activities of R-Smads are tightly regulated at multiple points. Inhibitory Smad (I-Smad also called Smad7) acts as a critical endogenous negative feedback regulator of Smad-signaling pathways by inhibiting R-Smad phosphorylation and by inducing activated type I TGF-${\beta}$ receptor degradation. Roles played by Smad7 in health and disease are being increasingly reported, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate Smad7 are not well understood. In this study, we show that E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch acts as a positive regulator of TGF-${\beta}$ signaling and of subsequent EMT-related gene expression. Interestingly, the Itch-mediated positive regulation of TGF-${\beta}$ signaling was found to be dependent on Smad7 ubiquitination and its subsequent degradation. Further study revealed Itch acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for Smad7 polyubiquitination, and thus, that Itch is an important regulator of Smad7 activity and a positive regulator of TGF-${\beta}$ signaling and of TGF-${\beta}$-mediated biological processes. Accordingly, the study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism whereby Smad7 is controlled by Itch.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.193-204
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of leadership types on achievement goals and athletic burnouts by high school bowlers. The subjects were surveyed by 172 high school bowlers. The data analysis of this study was performed with descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent t-test, 1-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, among the sub-factors of leadership behavior, male students had higher leadership behavior type(authoritative, democratic, social support, positive feedback) and achievement goal orientation(ego orientation) than female students. athletic burnout was higher for female students and higher grades.social support behavior and training instruction behavior had a static effect on achievement goal. Third, authoritative behavior had a static effect on athletic burnout. However, the raining instruction behavior had a negative effect on athletic burnout.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.405-412
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• 2018

The budget is an essential tool for the systematic management of the organizational performance and for diagnosing the status of an organization. Effective budget execution is important to hospital management due to the nonprofit nature of hospitals. On the other hand, there are few studies regarding the budgetary slack of hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the university hospital budgeting system characteristics on the budgetary slack. For this purpose, the data from 118 staff of a university hospital located in Seoul were collected by self-administered surveys. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were carried out using Stata Ver. 14. The main results of this study were as follows. First, information asymmetry has a positive influence on the budgetary slack. Second, budget feedback and budget motivation have a negative effect on the budgetary slack. These findings suggest that the sharing of budget-related information among hospital staff is important for efficient hospital management. In addition, it is necessary to establish ways to enhance the feedback and motivation in budgetary activities for managing the budgetary slack systematically. The major strength of this study is that it draws attention to research concerning the budgetary slack of hospitals in the absence of research on the budgetary slack. The significance of this study was to provide an empirical basis for improving the efficiency of hospital management.