• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

In recent years, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have successfully led to many discoveries of genetic variants affecting common complex traits, including height, blood pressure, and diabetes. Although GWA studies have made much progress in finding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with many complex traits, such SNPs have been shown to explain only a very small proportion of the underlying genetic variance of complex traits. This is partly due to that fact that most current GWA studies have relied on single-marker approaches that identify single genetic factors individually and have limitations in considering the joint effects of multiple genetic factors on complex traits. Joint identification of multiple genetic factors would be more powerful and provide a better prediction of complex traits, since it utilizes combined information across variants. Recently, a new statistical method for joint identification of genetic variants for common complex traits via the elastic-net regularization method was proposed. In this study, we applied this joint identification approach to a large-scale GWA dataset (i.e., 8842 samples and 327,872 SNPs) in order to identify genetic variants of obesity for the Korean population. In addition, in order to test for the biological significance of the jointly identified SNPs, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were further conducted.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2012

Genomic breeding value (GEBV) has recently become available in the beef cattle industry. Genomic selection methods are exceptionally valuable for selecting traits, such as marbling, that are difficult to measure until later in life. One method to utilize information from sparse marker panels is the Bayesian model selection method with RJMCMC. The accuracy of prediction varies between a multiple SNP model with RJMCMC (0.47 to 0.73) and a least squares method (0.11 to 0.41) when using SNP information, while the accuracy of prediction increases in the multiple SNP (0.56 to 0.90) and least square methods (0.21 to 0.63) when including a polygenic effect. In the multiple SNP model with RJMCMC model selection method, the accuracy ($r^2$) of GEBV for marbling predicted based only on SNP effects was 0.47, while the $r^2$ of GEBV predicted by SNP plus polygenic effect was 0.56. The accuracies of GEBV predicted using only SNP information were 0.62, 0.68 and 0.73 for CWT, EMA and BF, respectively. However, when polygenic effects were included, the accuracies of GEBV were increased to 0.89, 0.90 and 0.89 for CWT, EMA and BF, respectively. Our data demonstrate that SNP information alone is missing genetic variation information that contributes to phenotypes for carcass traits, and that polygenic effects compensate genetic variation that whole genome SNP data do not explain. Overall, the multiple SNP model with the RJMCMC model selection method provides a better prediction of GEBV than does the least squares method (single marker regression).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

Background: Panax ginseng, the most famous medicinal herb, has a highly duplicated genome structure. However, the genome duplication of P. ginseng has not been characterized at the sequence level. Multiple band patterns have been consistently observed during the development of DNA markers using unique sequences in P. ginseng. Methods: We compared the sequences of multiple bands derived from unique expressed sequence tagsimple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to investigate the sequence level genome duplication. Results: Reamplification and sequencing of the individual bands revealed that, for each marker, two bands around the expected size were genuine amplicons derived from two paralogous loci. In each case, one of the two bands was polymorphic, showing different allelic forms among nine ginseng cultivars, whereas the other band was usually monomorphic. Sequences derived from the two loci showed a high similarity, including the same primer-binding site, but each locus could be distinguished based on SSR number variations and additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or InDels. A locus-specific marker designed from the SNP site between the paralogous loci produced a single band that also showed clear polymorphism among ginseng cultivars. Conclusion: Our data imply that the recent genome duplication has resulted in two highly similar paralogous regions in the ginseng genome. The two paralogous sequences could be differentiated by large SSR number variations and one or two additional SNPs or InDels in every 100 bp of genic region, which can serve as a reliable identifier for each locus.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of cardiac marker protein in rabbit cardiac tissue that was exposed to ischemic preconditioning (IPC), or ischemiareperfusion injury (IR) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). We compared 2DE gels of control (uninjured) cardiac tissue with those of IPC and IR cardiac tissue. Expression of one protein was detected in IR heart tissue, however the protein was not detected in the samples of control and IPC tissue. To further characterize the detected protein molecule, the protein in the 2D gel was isolated and subjected to trypsin digestion, followed by MALDI-MS. The protein was identified as myoglobin, which was confirmed also by Western blot analysis. These results are consistent with previous studies of cardiac markers in ischemic hearts, indicating myoglobin as a suitable marker of myocardial injury. In addition, the present use of multiple techniques indicates that proteomic analysis is an appropriate means to identify cardiac markers in studies of IPC and IR.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

Objectives : To ensure the safety, quality and pharmacological efficacy of Batryticatus Bombyx, it is important to discriminate with adulterants. In Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeias (KHP), the authentic species of Batryticatus Bombyx is defined only Bombyx mori. Therefore, the aim of this study is establishment of PCR assay method using the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker based on COI DNA barcode for discriminating six species related to Batryticatus Bombyx. Methods : Seventeen samples of six species (Bombyx mori, Bombyx mandarina, Rhodinia fugax, Oberthueria caeca, Actias artemis, and Caligula japponica) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) barcode regions were analyzed by Sanger sequencing methods. To develop SCAR-based PCR assay method, we designed species-specific primers based on COI sequence variabilities and verified those specificities using 17 samples of six species as well as commercial herbal medicines. Results : In comparative multiple analysis of COI sequences, six species were distinguished by species-specific nucleotides at the species level. To develop rapid and reliable PCR assay method for genetic authentication of Batryticatus Bombyx, therefore, we designed species-specific SCAR primers based on these nucleotide sequences and confirmed those specificities. Using these SCAR primers, We also established simple conventional PCR assay method using these SCAR primers at the species level. Conclusions : The comparative analysis of COI sequences and SCAR-based PCR assay methods represented equal results for distinguishing authentic Batryticatus Bombyx and adulterations at the species level. Therefore, our results are expected protecting adulteration of herbal medicine Batryticatus Bombyx.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 전립선암 환자의 방사선 치료 시 표적의 정확한 위치를 찾기 위해 표지(marker)를 삽입한 경우 방사선치료계획 시 촬영한 CT 영상과 매 치료 시 온보드 영상장치(on-board imager, OBI)로부터 획득된 직교 kV X선 영상을 이용하여 표지의 위치를 계산하고 자동으로 맞춤을 수행하여 환자 셋업 오차를 보정하도록 하는 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 세 개의 금 표지를 환자 전립선의 기준 위치에 삽입한 후 CT 모의치료기를 이용하여 2 mm 슬라이스 간격으로 CT 영상을 획득하였으며 매 치료 전에 환자 셋업 보정을 위하여 OBI를 이용하여 직교하는 kV X선 환자 영상을 획득하였다. CT 및 kV X선 영상 내 표지 정보 및 좌표 값 추출을 위하여 화소값의 문턱값 처리, 필터링, 외곽선 추출, 패턴 인식 등 다수의 영상처리 알고리듬을 적용하였다. 각 표지들 위치의 대표값으로 삼각형의 무게중심 개념을 이용하였으며 기준 CT 영상 및 직교 kV X선 영상으로부터 각각 무게중심의 좌표를 구한 후 그 차이를 보정해야 할 셋업의 오차로 계산하였다. 알고리듬의 건전성(robustness) 평가를 위해 팬텀을 이용하여 계산된 CT 및 kV X선 영상의 무게중심이 실제 지정된 위치와 일치하는지 여부를 확인하였으며, 본원에서 방사선 치료를 시행한 네 명의 전립선암 환자에 대상으로 치료 직전 촬영한 38 내지 39쌍의 kV X선 영상에 대하여 알고리듬을 적용한 후 OBI 프로그램에서 제공되는 2차원-2차원 맞춤 결과와 비교하였다. 결 과: 팬텀 실험 결과 실제 값과 CT 영상 및 직교 kV X선 영상으로부터 계산된 무게 중심 좌표 값이 1 mm 오차 내에서 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 환자 영상에 적용한 경우에도 모든 영상에 대하여 성공적으로 각 표지의 위치를 계산할 수 있었으며 2차원-2차원 맞춤 기능을 이용하여 계산된 셋업 오차와 비교해본 결과 1 mm 범위 내에서 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 알고리듬을 이용하여 계산한 결과 셋업 오차는 전후(AP) 방향으로 환자별로 작게는 $0.1{\pm}2.7\;mm$에서 크게는 $1.8{\pm}6.6\;mm$까지, 상하(SI) 방향으로 $0.8{\pm}1.6\;mm$에서 $2.0{\pm}2.7\;mm$, 좌우(Lat) 방향으로 $-0.9{\pm}1.5\;mm$에서 $2.8{\pm}3.0\;mm$까지였으며 환자에 따라 그 편차의 차이가 있었다. 결 론: 제안된 알고리듬을 이용하여 1회 셋업 오차를 평가하는 데 소요되는 시간은 10초 미만으로서 임상 적용 시 환자 셋업 시간을 줄이고 주관성을 배제하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 온라인 환자 셋업 보정 시스템에 적용하기 위해서는 선형가속기의 제어 시스템에 통합되는 것이 필요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Ginsan is an acidic polysaccharide purified from Panax ginseng, a famous oriental herb. Although a variety of biological activities of ginsan have been studied, the effects of ginsan on spleen cells are not fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of ginsan on the viability and proliferation of spleen cells. Using Cell Counting $Kit-8^{(R)}$ solution and trypan blue solution, we found that ginsan significantly enhanced viability and proliferation. Multiple clusters, indicating proliferation, were observed in ginsan-treated spleen cells and, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and surface marker staining assay revealed that ginsan promoted proliferation from $CD19^+$ B cells rather than $CD4^+$ or $CD8^+$ T cells. In addition, ginsan decreased the percentage of late apoptotic cells. Ginsan increased the surface expression of CD25 and CD69 as well as production of interleukin-2 from spleen cells, suggesting increased activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ginsan increases the viability and proliferation of spleen cells via multiple mechanisms, valuable information for broadening the use of ginsan in clinical and research settings.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2011

현재의 객체 추적과 검색의 과정을 보면 고정된 단일 카메라를 통해 입력받은 영상에서 객체를 추출하여 추적하고, 추적된 객체의 구체적인 정보를 알기 위해 줌(Zoom) 기능으로 객체를 인식하는 과정이었다. 본 논문은 다중카메라를 이용하여 객체를 추적하고, 인식하는 것으로써 추적된 객체에 대해 검색인식가능한 영역에 대한 정보를 증강현실로 나타내는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템의 실험결과를 보면 연산에 포함된 픽셀 수가 현저히 줄어들고, 객체의 인식률이 향상되고, 정보 확인 시간도 단축되었다. 그리고 기존 방법과 비교하여 객체의 움직임을 검출하는 정확성은 물론 움직임 검출에 소요되는 시간도 단축되어 개선된 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2018

Multiple vertebral compression fractures are a rare condition and are a serious consequence of postpartum osteoporosis. This report describes the case of a 35-year-old woman who had given birth to her first child 2 months before the onset of pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed compression fractures of 7 vertebrae. The patient was treated with both conventional, and Korean medicine methods including acupuncture and herbal prescriptions. The patient's progress was assessed using self-reported symptoms, scale scores and laboratory test results. Her pain was gradually alleviated and biochemical inflammation marker levels improved, but her functional status remained severely impaired. Clinical practitioners who treat women in the postpartum period must be aware of osteoporosis and potential vertebral fractures and need to consider Korean medicine as an alternative therapy to help such patients.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2018

다발성 골수종(MM)은 혈액 종양의 주요 사망 원인이다. 최근에 다발성 골수종 진단에 microRNA를 이용한 실험이 보고되고 있다. 이에 우리는 다발성 골수종 진단 마커로 miR-221을 이용 할 수 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 다른 혈액학적 질환이 없는 다발성 골수종 환자 20명을 대상으로 하였다. MicroRNA 추출은 다발성 골수종 환자의 파라핀 포매 조직을 이용하였다. 우리는 다발성 골수종의 microRNA 표적 유전자로 miR-15a, miR-16, miR-21, miR-181a 그리고 miR-221을 선택하였다. 유의성 검정은 fold change 값을 기준으로 1.5이상 또는 -1.5 미만의 결과를 유의성이 있는 경우로 하였다. Fold change 값은 인간 유전자 SNORD43에 의해 표준화된 데이터를 기준으로 하였다. Fold change 값이 1.5 이상은 "overexpression", -1.5 미만의 값은 "underexpression"으로 정의되었다. miR-221의 65.0% (13/20)에서 "overexpression"으로 유의성이 있음을 확인하였고, 다발성 골수종 환자에서 형질세포가 30% 이상인 그룹과 이하의 그룹은 유의성을 보이지 않았다. MiR-221은 서구인과 같은 결과를 얻었으며, 다발성 골수종 환자에서 miR-221이 다발성 골수종 환자 진단에 매우 중요한 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 miR-221은 한국인의 다발성 골수종 진단 또는 예후 지표로 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.