• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2019

The vehicle routing problem is one of the vibrant research problems for half a century. Many studies have extensively studied the vehicle routing problem in order to deal with practical decision-making issues in logistics. However, developments of new logistics strategies have inevitably required investigations on solution methods for solving the problem because of computational complexity and inherent constraints in the problem. For this reason, this paper suggests a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for a variant of vehicle routing problem introduced by a previous study. The vehicle routing problem is a multi-depot and multi-trip vehicle routing problem with multiple heterogeneous vehicles restricted by the maximum permitted weight and the number of compartments. The SA algorithm generates an initial solution through a greedy-type algorithm and improves it using an enhanced SA procedure with three local search methods. A series of computational experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the heuristic and several managerial findings are further discussed through scenario analyses. Experiment results show that the proposed SA algorithm can obtain good solutions within a reasonable computation time and scenario analyses show that a transportation system visiting non-dedicated factories shows better performance in truck management in terms of the numbers of vehicles used and trips for serving customer orders than another system visiting only dedicated factories.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.173-191
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• 2017

This study develops a new type of latent class analysis (LCA) in order to explain the associations between one latent variable and several other categorical latent variables. Our model postulates that the prevalence of the latent variable of interest is affected by another latent variable composed of other several latent variables. For the parameter estimation, we propose deterministic annealing EM (DAEM) to deal with local maxima problem in the proposed model. We perform simulation study to demonstrate how DAEM can find the set of parameter estimates at the global maximum of the likelihood over the repeated samples. We apply the proposed LCA model in an investigation of the effect of and joint patterns for drug-using behavior to violent behavior among US high school male students using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2015. Considering the age of male adolescents as a covariate influencing violent behavior, we identified three classes of violent behavior and three classes of drug-using behavior. We also discovered that the prevalence of violent behavior is affected by the type of drug used for drug-using behavior.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2017

In this paper, a corner detection method based on a new non-cornerness measure is presented. Rather than evaluating local gradients or surface curvatures, as done in previous approaches, a non-cornerness function is developed that can identify stable corners by testing an image region against a set of desirable corner criteria. The non-cornerness function is comprised of two steps: 1) eliminate any pixel located in a flat region and 2) remove any pixel that is positioned along an edge in any orientation. A pixel that passes the non-cornerness test is considered a reliable corner. The proposed method also adopts the idea of non-maximum suppression to remove multiple corners from the results of the non-cornerness function. The proposed method is compared with previous popular methods and is tested with an artificial test image covering several corner forms and three real-world images that are universally used by the community to evaluate the accuracy of corner detectors. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms previous corner detectors with respect to accuracy, and that it is suitable for real-time processing.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2006

Acoustic streaming Induced by longitudinal vibration at 30 kHz is visualized for a test fluid flow between the stationary glass plate and ultrasonic vibrating surface with particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) To measure an increase in the velocity of air flow due to acoustic streaming, the velocity of air flow in a gap between the heat source and ultrasonic vibrator is obtained quantitatively using PIV. The ultrasonic wave propagating into air in the gap generates steady-state secondary vortex called acoustic streaming which enhances convective cooling of the stationary heat source. Heat transfer through air in the gap is represented by experimental convective heat transfer coefficient with respect to the gap. Theoretical analysis shows that gaps for maximum heat transfer enhancement are the multiple of half wavelength. Optimal gaps for the actual design are experimentally found to be half wavelength and one wavelength. A drastic temperature variation exists for the local axial direction of the vibrator according to the measurement of the temperature distribution in the gap. The acoustic streaming velocity of the test fluid in the gap is at maximum when the gap agrees with the multiples of half wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, which are specifically 6 mm and 12 mm.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2003

Characteristics of solutions of softening plasticity are discussed in this article. The localized and non-localized solutions are obtained for a three-bar truss and their stability is evaluated with the aid of the second-order work. Beyond the bifurcation point, the single stable loading path splits into several post-bifurcation paths and the second-order work exhibits several competing minima. Among the multiple post-bifurcation equilibrium states, the localized solutions correspond to the minimum points of the second-order work, while the non-localized solutions correspond to the saddles and local maximum points. To determine the real post-bifurcation path, it is proposed that the structure should follow the path corresponding to the absolute minimum point of the second-order work. The proposal is further proved equivalent to Bazant's path criterion derived on a thermodynamics basis.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

This paper considers a multiagent scheduling problem under public information where a machine is shared by multiple agents. Each agent has a local objective among the minimization of total completion time and the minimization of maximum. In this problem, it is assumed that scheduling information is public. Therefore an agent can access to complete information of other agents and pursue efficient schedules in a centralized manner. We propose an enumeration scheme to find Pareto optimal schedules and a multiobjective genetic algorithm as a heuristic approach. Experimental results indicate that the proposed genetic algorithm yields close-to Pareto optimal solution under a variety of experimental conditions.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2014

본 논문은 최근 이동통신 네트워크에서 폭발적으로 증가하고 있는 비디오 트래픽이 야기한 문제와 요구사항의 해결책으로써, SDN(Software Defined Network)을 기반으로 하는 다중 무선 접속 기술(Multiple Radio Access Technology)의 제어 기법을 제안하고 그 성능을 자체 구축한 테스트베드를 통하여 평가한다. 이를 위하여, 먼저 사업자 입장에서 3rd-party의 비디오 트래픽을 사업자망으로부터 우회(off-loading)시키는 방안의 필요성과, 사용자에게 저비용으로 고속의 대용량 비디오 콘텐츠 서비스를 제공하는 방안에 대하여 논의한다. 또한 성능평가를 위한 테스트베드는 OpenStack 클라우드 및 SDN 기반으로 구축 하였다. 이를 통해, OpenFlow와 Open Switch를 이용하여 2개의 2.4GHz 무선 랜 링크와 3개의 5GHz 무선 랜 링크가 동시에 하나의 서비스를 지원하도록 함으로서 820 Mbps 급의 초고속 클라우드 비디오 서비스를 위한 전송 속도를 실현하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

EPON(Ethernet Passive Optical Network: 이더넷 수동 광 네트워크)은 대용량 LAN과 백본망 사이의 트래픽 병목현상을 완화시킬 수 있는 하나의 방법으로 저렴한 비용으로 광대역의 서비스를 제공할 수 있어 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 대용량 LAN과 백본망 사이의 병목현상은 트래픽이 갑자기 증가는 트래픽 특성으로 인해 더욱 심각해진다. 본 논문은 트래픽의 특성을 고려하여 ONU(Optical Network Unit: 광 네트워크 가입자 단말)에게 적절한 대역폭을 할당함으로써 네트워크의 성능을 개선한다. 또한 본 논문은 지원하는 ONU의 수에 상관없이 고정된 시간 이내에 해당 ONU가 다시 서비스 받을 수 있도록 제안 방식을 설계함으로써 지연에 민감한 트래픽을 효율적으로 지원할 수 있다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, 본 논문에서 제안하는 방식은 최대 사이클 시간을 기준 사이클 시간의 두 배로 제한하면서 기존 방식보다 중위 트래픽에서 패킷 지연 및 ONU 큐 크기를 각각 최대 77%와 82%만큼 감소시킨다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.3161-3167
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• 2010

제어를 위한 기구부의 위치 정보는 BLDC 모터의 홀센서를 이용하여 정확한 위치 및 속도제어가 가능하도록 알고리즘을 구현하였으며, 실제 기구부의 방위각과 고도각에 대한 제어 정밀도를 측정한 결과 최대 $2.02^{\circ}$, $1.01^{\circ}$. 오차범위 $1.86^{\circ}$이내로 비교적 정확하였다. 태양광 발전 모니터링 시스템은 LCU를 중심으로 한 통합 모니터링 제어 시스템으로 모든 장비들은 1:N 방식으로 다중 동시접속이 가능하고, 원격지에서 시스템의 제어 및 현재 상태에 대한 실시간 감시가 가능하도록 개발하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2003

Inconel 690 for nuclear steam generator tube has more Chromium than the conventionally used Inconel 600 in order to increase the corrosion resistance. To evaluate the tribological characteristics of Inconel 690 under fretting condition the fretting tests were carried out in air and elevated temperature water. Fretting tests of the cross-cylinder type were done under various vibrating amplitudes and applied normal loads in order to measure the friction forces and wear volumes. From the results of fretting wear tests. the wear of Inconel 690 can be predictable using the work rate model. The amounts of friction forces were proportional to relative movement between two fretting surfaces. The friction coefficients were decreased as increasing the normal loads and deceasing the vibrating amplitudes. Depending on fretting environment, distinctively different wear mechanisms and often drastically different wear rates can occur It was found that the fretting wearfactors in air and water at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$, and 8$0^{\circ}C$ were 7.38 $\times$ $10^{-13}$$Pa^{-1}$, 2.12 $\times$$10^{-13}$$Pa^{-1}$, 3.34$\times$$10^{-13}$$Pa^{-1}$and 5.21$\times$$10^{-13}$$Pa^{-1}$, respectively flexibility to model response data with multiple local extreme. In this study, metamodeling techniques are adopted to carry out the shape optimization of a funnel of Cathode Ray Tube, which finds the shape minimizing the local maximum principal stress. Optimum designs using two metamodels are compared and proper metamodel is recommended based on this research.