• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1088-1096
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• 2008

Data from milk performance testing were used to analyze genetic and environmental trends for purebred Tsigai, Improved Valachian and Lacaune sheep. 103,715 (Tsigai), 212,962 (Improved Valachian) and 2,196 (Lacaune) test-day records gathered by the State Breeding Institute of the Slovak Republic entered the analyses. The respective pedigree data comprised 23,724 (Tsigai), 51,401 (Improved Valachian) and 438 (Lacaune) records. The multiple-trait, mixed model methodology was used to predict the breeding values for daily milk yield, fat and protein content and to estimate the fixed and remaining random effects assumed to affect the above mentioned traits, separately for each breed. The breeding values for daily milk yield were adjusted for 150-day standardized lactation length by multiplying with the constant 150, as the breeding goal of the selection scheme in Slovakian sheep is to increase 150-day milk production and constant heritability throughout the whole lactation is assumed. The genetic trends were expressed as changes in averages of breeding values across birth years of animals. For Tsigai and Lacaune breeds, cumulative genetic changes over the analyzed period were 3.8 and 5.1 kg for 150-day milk, 0 and -0.16% for fat content and 0 and -0.12% for protein content. For Improved Valachian breed, either a low (1.6 kg for 150-day milk yield) or zero (fat and protein content) cumulative genetic change was found. The environmental trends were calculated as averages of solutions for flock-test day effect across years and months in which measurements were taken. A distinctive cyclical pattern which reflected short-time variation in milk production traits was found. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are given and discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1632-1637
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• 2006

We studied the changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in growing Thoroughbred horses. Serum osteocalcin (OC), as a marker for bone formation, and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type-I collagen (PICP), as a marker for bone formation, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP), as a marker for bone resorption, were determined in nine clinically healthy horses from 3 d to 17 mo of age. The BW and withers height (WH) increased during the study. On the other hand, a rapid reduction in body weight gain (BWG) was observed between 1 mo and 9 mo of age and a rapid reduction in withers height gain was observed between 1 mo and 5 mo of age. The serum markers decreased significantly with increasing age. In particular, dramatic changes in serum markers occurred between 3 d to 1 wk and 5 to 7 mo of age in these horses, which suggests that bone turnover rapidly decreased after birth. On the other hand, the ratio of PICP to ICTP decreased through the experiment. This result suggests that the reduction in bone formation exceeded that of bone resorption. There was a significant correlation between markers and growth parameters, except for the correlation between PICP and BWG on single linear regression analysis. Serum OC and ICTP were affected by the WH in multiple linear regression analysis. These results indicated that the age-related variation in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism reflected bone growth, but neither BW nor BWG. Therefore, we consider that changes in bone modeling are the major factor affecting the levels of serum biochemical markers by 17 mo of age in horses.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2017

Objective: We studied the association between sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and several clinical in vitro fertilization outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 169 consecutive fresh IVF cycles. Semen was collected on the day of oocyte retrieval, and we assessed standard semen parameters and the SDF level (by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling). Poor ovarian response (POR) was defined as the collection of three or fewer mature oocytes. Oocytes were inseminated by the conventional method or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Results: SDF did not affect the fertilization or pregnancy rate, but did have a significant effect on the miscarriage rate. In the miscarriage group (n = 10), the SDF level was significantly higher (23.9% vs. 14.1%) and number of mature oocytes was significantly lower (4.3 vs. 7.6) than in the live birth group (n = 45). Multiple regression analysis showed that SDF was an independent predictor of miscarriage (odds ratio, 1.051; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.104). The cutoffs for the SDF level and number of mature oocytes that could predict miscarriage were > 13% and ${\leq}3$, respectively. In the low-SDF group (${\leq}13%$), the miscarriage rate was similar in POR patients and those with a normal ovarian response (NOR; 14.2% vs. 4.3%). In the high-SDF group ( > 13%), the miscarriage rate was significantly higher in the POR group than in the NOR group (60.0% vs. 13.3%, p= 0.045). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that a high SDF level ( > 13%) was associated with a high miscarriage rate, and that it mainly contributed to miscarriage in the POR group. The results suggest that SDF measurements should be considered in couples with POR in order to predict the prognosis of the pregnancy.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was firstly to identify how the characteristics of children(grades, birth order, self-consciousness), parents(age, educational level, employment status of mother, mother's parenting behavior), and context (private tutoring status, tying area) relate to children's stress and secondly to examine the relative effects of these variables on children's stress. The subjects of this study were 940(453 boys, 440 girls) children from grades 4 to 6 who were selected from three elementary schools in Seoul and Buchun. Data were analyzed with t-test, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Girls get stressed easier than boys in terms of being treated distantly by their friends. (2) The study showed a negative relationship between children's stress and their self-consciousness such as general self-consciousness, teaming self-consciousness and total self-consciousness. (3) While the results showed a negative relationship between children's stress and mothers' acceptable behavior, the study revealed a positive relationship between children's stress and the mother's over protective behavior which in turn raised the children's stress level. (4) In 'total stress', it was recognized that boys were affected mostly tv grades in the children's variables category, while girls were affected by their general self-consciouness. In addition, both girls and boys were affected mostly by acceptable-refusal parental behavior in the parental variables category, and further affected by the living area in the category of conditional variables.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1970

It is important to point out that the percental mortality rate of the multiple pregnancy is almost twice of the single pregnancy due mainly to their prematurity and the mothers of twins will also be suffered from the plural births to nurse and take care of them. We therefore studied the incidence, the sex ratio, the types of deliveries, the complications and the percental mortality rate of the twin deliveries in order to promote the development of our field of maternal and child nursing. We selected our materials from the 112 patients who had been admitted and delivered twins in the department of OB. & Gyn. of the S.N.U. Hospital from Jan. 1962 to Dec. 1969. The abstructed results of this study were as follows. 1. The incidence of twins among 7, 731 births was 1:69 2. The occurrence of twins from elder multigravida was 4 to 6 times higher than younger primigravida mothers under 35 years of age. 3. The generational length of 45.5% of all twins was under 38 weeks and the mean birth weight of 1st and 2nd twins were 2, 354.7gm and 2, 215.8gm respectively. 4. The sex ratio of twins was 99 males and 124 females. 5. Presentation of twins: 59 cases (52.69%) were in both vertex. 37 cases (33.03%) in vertex plus breech. 15 cases (13.39%) in both breech and one case (0.89%) in transverse presentation. 6. For the types of deliveries Spontaneous deliveries were in 90 babies (40.6%) Breech extraction in 60 babies (26.3%) Vacuum used in 33 babies (15.0%) Cesarean section in 33 babies (9.8%) Forceps in 9 babies (4.2%) and others such as version and destructive measures in 9 babies (4.1%) 7. Intervals between the 1st and 2nd delivery were analyzed and 93% of 2nd twins were delivered within minutes after 1st delivery. 8. The main complications of twin deliveries were totemic (45.5%), second was postmarital hemorrhage (19.6%) and third was hydrations (7.1%) 9. The mean percental mortality of 1st and 2nd twins was 12.52% and 16.96% respectively of which main cause of death were their prematurity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

This study investigated how acculturation varies with demographic variables and is related to dietary habits among Korean Americans. The respondents were 162 Korea Americans aged at least 18 years old residing in the Greater New York metropolitan area. The level of acculturation was measured using a modified Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation(SL-ASIA) scale. Acculturation was operationally defined to be composed of 6 factors, which are language, media use, friendship, food, pride, and ethnic self-identity. Each factor in the level of acculturation was identified by how it is related to demographics and dietary habits in the method of correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regressions analyses. The reliability of the modified SL-ASIA scale was high as measured by Cronbach alpha of .92. The level of acculturation was related to place of birth, age, length of residence in the U.S., and education. The younger, the longer they had lived in the U.S., and the more they were educated, the more acculturated. Acculturation could be predictable for 52% of its variance with all demographic variables. Among the 6 factors in the level of acculturation, five of them, language, media use friendship, food, and ethnic self-identity were correlated with dietary habit changes after immigration and type of meals. All 6 acculturation factors could predict 21% of change in dietary habits. the information from this study can be used to describe usual describe usual dietary habits according to various aspects of acculturation to better understand the dynamics among acculturation, demographics, and dietary habits.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-34
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• 2016

This introduction is both a statement of a research problem and an account of the first research results for its solution. As more historical databases come online and overlap in coverage, we need to discuss the two main issues that prevent 'big' results from emerging so far. Firstly, historical data are seen by computer science people as unstructured, that is, historical records cannot be easily decomposed into unambiguous fields, like in population (birth and death records) and taxation data. Secondly, machine-learning tools developed for structured data cannot be applied as they are for historical research. We propose a complex network, narrative-driven approach to mining historical databases. In such a time-integrated network obtained by overlaying records from historical databases, the nodes are actors, while thelinks are actions. In the case study that we present (the world as seen from Venice, 1205-1533), the actors are governments, while the actions are limited to war, trade, and treaty to keep the case study tractable. We then identify key periods, key events, and hence key actors, key locations through a time-resolved examination of the actions. This tool allows historians to deal with historical data issues (e.g., source provenance identification, event validation, trade-conflict-diplomacy relationships, etc.). On a higher level, this automatic extraction of key narratives from a historical database allows historians to formulate hypotheses on the courses of history, and also allow them to test these hypotheses in other actions or in additional data sets. Our vision is that this narrative-driven analysis of historical data can lead to the development of multiple scale agent-based models, which can be simulated on a computer to generate ensembles of counterfactual histories that would deepen our understanding of how our actual history developed the way it did. The generation of such narratives, automatically and in a scalable way, will revolutionize the practice of history as a discipline, because historical knowledge, that is the treasure of human experiences (i.e. the heritage of the world), will become what might be inherited by machine learning algorithms and used in smart cities to highlight and explain present ties and illustrate potential future scenarios and visionarios.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the tendencies and differences of mother's child-rearing anxiety before and after their children enter into elementary school, to analyze the factors influencing child-rearing anxiety at each time, and thereby to seek a support plan at the time of transition. Methods: The subjects of this study were 181 mothers who participated in two surveys which were conducted before and after their child entered into elementary school. Results: Firstly, mother's child-rearing anxiety before and after their children's entrance into elementary school was at a middle level, but increased significantly when they experienced their children's transition to elementary school. Secondly, mother's child-rearing anxiety, before their children's entrance into elementary school, was influenced by private education, the collection of educational information, cognitive ability, whether or not to develop a work status change plan, and birth order sequentially. Thirdly, child-rearing anxiety after their children's entrance into elementary school was significantly influenced by child-rearing anxiety before their children's entrance into elementary school and the mother's employment. Conclusion/Implications: This study is meaningful in the point that it suggested the necessity for the cooperation between multiple systems, such as systematic and stepwise parenting education, the importance of offering information to educational institutions and local governments, and for work- family support policy to prioritize children in order to support children's successful transition into elementary school.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2018

It has been claimed that artificial insemination (AI) of cows with frozen-thawed semen treated with commercially produced kits, Wholemom (in favour of female gender) increases the birth chance of calves with desired sex ratio by approximately 85% without decrease of pregnancy rates. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of wholemom kits as combined with frozen-thawed bovine semen during in vitro fertilization on the in vitro fertilization and developmental efficiency and sex ratios such as some reproductive parameters in bovine. For this, 1,737 oocytes were in vitro fertilized and developed. Agglutination effects on bovine after treatment of Wholemom kit were observed by time passage and dose respectively. To determine sex of embryos, Bovine embryo Y-specific gene primers(ConEY) and Bovine specific universal primer(ConBV) were used as multiple PCR method. Fertilization rate of wholemom-treated group was significantly lower than its of control group[66.9% (1,156/1,737) in Wholemom-treated group; 75.0% (610/813) in control group]. However, developmental rate after fertilization of both wholemom-treated and control groups were not significantly different [26.1% (404/1,156) in Wholemom-treated group; 27.4% (224/610) in control group]. Sex ratio of in vitro fertilized embryo with frozen-thawed semen treated with wholemom kit was determined by multi PCR. Female ratio in wholemom-treated group [85.4% (173/201)] was significantly higher than its of control group [47.2% (66/141)]. In conclusion, wholemom treatments of semen used in the in vitro fertilization and development of bovine oocytes provided increase in female ratio with decrease of fertilization rate.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.362-371
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• 1999

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between locus of control and health belief. the life style of gastric cancer patients. The subjects of this study were 40 of the early gastric cancer and 90 of the advanced gastric cancer who first visiting patient to general surgery out patient department of Chungnam University Hospital for operation. The data was collected with structured questionnaire from July. 1998 to Feb. 1999 The tool were Moon's Health Belief Scale and Multiple Locus of Control of Wallston. Wallston, DeVellis. The data was analysed by SAS program using frequency, $X^2$-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA. Scheffe-test, t-test. The results were as follows 1. 30.8% of subjects were early gastric cancer anf 69.2% were advanced gastric cancer. The subject knowing about diagnosis was 83.1%. 16.9% did'nt know about diagnosis. 2. The correlationship between Health belief and Locus of control of subjects was not supported. 3. There was statistically no difference of life style between early and advanced gastric cancer patients. 4. There were statistically significant differences in perceived sensitivity according to weight. educational level. and birth order, in perceived barrier according to educational level. and in perceived severity according to occupation among demographic characteristics of study subjects. From above results. health professional has to educate general population to detect gastric cancer early to improve survival rate because early gastric cancer is high in survival rate, and to prevent recurrence and to maintain continuing healthy status. In the future, gastroscopy also has to expand to detect early. For there was no difference in life style between early and advanced gastric cancer. carcinogen related to diet should be emphasized through education. The perceived benefit among health belief model was not supported in this study therefore further study and comparison between gastric cancer and normal population are needed.