• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.333-344
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to assume suitable cultivation areas by items and expectably suitable cultivation areas through coefficient of specialization and spatial concentration analysis, and suggested regional specialized items discovered by this research and regional specialized business management plans & development directions. This study has monitored changing aspects of spatial distribution of suitable cultivation areas in stockbreeding items from 2000 to 2010 by applying methods of location quotient(LQ), a multiple model, and etc, and predicted changing aspects of suitable cultivation areas from 2015 to 2020. As the result of analysis, I found that there were specialized items which were spatially concentrated and that there were hot-spots which were focused on some areas by items. Additionally, there were suitable cultivation areas which remained stable or changed by them. To discover specialized items and to develop businesses, I have suggested that it is necessary to ensure business project's feasibility including the present conditions, circumstances & potential of specialized items, and etc., and to secure business competitiveness including technology exchange, production cost curtailment, business management based on consumer's needs and building systematic data about achievement and etc.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.882-891
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to identify burnout and factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted with a sample of 228 contingent nurses randomly selected from 25 general hospitals in Korea. The tools used for this study were scales measuring burnout (8 items), job stress (8 items), job satisfaction (9 items), self efficacy (9 items), organizational commitment (9 items), empowerment (9 items), autonomy (7 items) and social support (8 items). The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 employing Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for burnout in contingent nurses was 3.05 points. Factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses were identified as job stress (${\beta}$=.40), satisfaction level with current ward (${\beta}$=-.25), organizational commitment (${\beta}$=-.21), job satisfaction (${\beta}$=-.19) and empowerment (${\beta}$=-.16). These factors explained 65.0% of burnout reported by contingent nurses. Conclusion: The results indicate which factors are major factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses in general hospitals. Therefore, these factors may serve as predictors of burnout in contingent nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2021

This study analyzed the science assessment items that were conducted by the paper and the computer-based assessment in the TIMSS 2019 pre-test, which is an international academic achievement assessment. We examined whether the test mode influenced the percentage of items answered correctly by each graders. As a result, there was no significant difference in the correct answer rates of science items according to the test media in 4th and 8th graders. Looking at the each graders, the difference in the percentage of correct answers was relatively large in the fourth grader rather than the eighth grader. In terms of items, the difference in the percentage of correct answers was relatively larger for the constructed items than the multiple choice questions. As a result of analyzing the content of science and assessment items on the influence of the test media, the multiple choice items showed little difference between the paper and the computer-based assessment items, but the answer-type items tended to have a lower percentage of correct answers than the paper-based assessment. In addition, by grade, 4th graders showed lower percentages of correct answers in the constructed items than 8th graders. This study provides implications related to the development and introduction of computer-based assessment in Korea, and suggests an educational implications for computer-based assessment to be well established as school evaluation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Objectives: Identifying influencing factors of stress in clinical practice of dental hygiene students through controlling the amount of stress in clinical practice. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 226 dental hygiene students in Daejeon, Cheongju and Jeolla province from March 2 to 30, 2016. The contents of the questionnaire included general characteristics (6 items), clinical practice characteristics (4 items), clinical practice stress (16 items), quality of life (24 items), health promotion behavior (20 items), OHIP (14 items), and critical thinking disposition (15 items). Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0. for one way ANOVA, scheffe' posthoc test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Cronbach's alpha of clinical practice stress, quality of life, health promotion behavior, OHIP, and critical thinking disposition were 0.827, 0.913, 0.896, 0.921 and 0.778, respectively. Results: Clinical practice stress was 3.38 points, quality of life was 3.40 points, health promotion behavior was 3.21 points, OHIP was 4.21 points and critical thinking disposition was 3.17 points. Conclusions: Factors that had impact on clinical practice stress include sleeping state, satisfaction of clinical practice, practice number, and the quality of life, and they appeared statistically significant (p<0.05). This exercise showed the necessary manuals and system implementations in clinical practice, which can reduce the amount of stress in dental hygiene students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a family functioning scale that is suitable for Korean families. The data for this study were obtained from a survey on a sample of 350 mothers of school-age children, who were living in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and other cities of Korea. The major findings ate as follows; 1) Through the item discrimination test, 63 of the 77 items were found to be significant, thus deemed acceptable. The level of discrimination indices of the 63 items ranged from .38 to .84. 2) A factor analysis was conducted on the 63 items. Six different factors (Emotional Support, Family Intimacy, Respect for Autonomy, Communication, Family Rules, Time Spent Together) emerged for 37 items. The six factors accounted for 56.51% of total variance. 3) A multiple regression analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items, and the final 36 items were selected for the Family Functioning Scale. 4) The reliability measured by the internal consistency of the 36 items was high (Cronbach's a =.93). 5) The Family Functioning Scale was found to have a significant correlation with FACESIII(r=.80) as well as with FAD(r=.78).

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Data mining techniques are used to find important and meaningful information from huge databases, and pattern mining is one of the significant data mining techniques. Pattern mining is a method of discovering useful patterns from the huge databases. Frequent pattern mining which is one of the pattern mining extracts patterns having higher frequencies than a minimum support threshold from databases, and the patterns are called frequent patterns. Traditional frequent pattern mining is based on a single minimum support threshold for the whole database to perform mining frequent patterns. This single support model implicitly supposes that all of the items in the database have the same nature. In real world applications, however, each item in databases can have relative characteristics, and thus an appropriate pattern mining technique which reflects the characteristics is required. In the framework of frequent pattern mining, where the natures of items are not considered, it needs to set the single minimum support threshold to a too low value for mining patterns containing rare items. It leads to too many patterns including meaningless items though. In contrast, we cannot mine any pattern if a too high threshold is used. This dilemma is called the rare item problem. To solve this problem, the initial researches proposed approximate approaches which split data into several groups according to item frequencies or group related rare items. However, these methods cannot find all of the frequent patterns including rare frequent patterns due to being based on approximate techniques. Hence, pattern mining model with multiple minimum supports is proposed in order to solve the rare item problem. In the model, each item has a corresponding minimum support threshold, called MIS (Minimum Item Support), and it is calculated based on item frequencies in databases. The multiple minimum supports model finds all of the rare frequent patterns without generating meaningless patterns and losing significant patterns by applying the MIS. Meanwhile, candidate patterns are extracted during a process of mining frequent patterns, and the only single minimum support is compared with frequencies of the candidate patterns in the single minimum support model. Therefore, the characteristics of items consist of the candidate patterns are not reflected. In addition, the rare item problem occurs in the model. In order to address this issue in the multiple minimum supports model, the minimum MIS value among all of the values of items in a candidate pattern is used as a minimum support threshold with respect to the candidate pattern for considering its characteristics. For efficiently mining frequent patterns including rare frequent patterns by adopting the above concept, tree based algorithms of the multiple minimum supports model sort items in a tree according to MIS descending order in contrast to those of the single minimum support model, where the items are ordered in frequency descending order. In this paper, we study the characteristics of the frequent pattern mining based on multiple minimum supports and conduct performance evaluation with a general frequent pattern mining algorithm in terms of runtime, memory usage, and scalability. Experimental results show that the multiple minimum supports based algorithm outperforms the single minimum support based one and demands more memory usage for MIS information. Moreover, the compared algorithms have a good scalability in the results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.44
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• pp.333-341
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to compare the manufacturing process with random covariate using multiple comparison procedure. The methodology that compares each manufacturing process by inspecting the number of nonconforming items out of k-treatment, has serveral limitations and problems according to the method and contect of the analysis. The proper way of analysis, therefore, could be obtained by the multiple comparison procedure of simultaneous confidence region of variance components. Effections that affect a manufactuing process may be predictive of responce to treatments are called covariates. In the study of comparing several treatments, prsense of covariate may bias the estimates of treatment effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception. For this study, 124 hospitalized patients and the same numbered nurses assigned for direct care of each 124 patients were selected from general ward of C. University Hospital in Seoul during the time period from September to November 1987. Degree of uncertainty was measured by 27 items modified from Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), and was utilized by a Likert type scale The data were analysed by Mcnemar-test. Unpaired t-test. ANOVA, Scheffe - test and Stepwise multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception showed significant differences in 23 of 27 items : 11 of 23 items showed that the scores of patients' perception of uncertainty were higher than that of nurses' interperson perception of uncertainty. but 12 of 23 items were revealed reversely. 2. With regard to nurse's demographic variables, the discrepancy scores were the higest in the group under 22 years of age (F＝3.20, p＝.026) and in the group less than 1 year of nursing experience among 4 groups (F＝4.41, p＝.006). 3. The discrepancy scores had a tendency to be lowered in the higher age group(r＝ -.27. p＝.0026) and in the longer experienced group (r＝-.25, p＝.0052). 4. The most important variable affecting the discrepancy scores was identified to be the nurses' age which acounted for 7.2% fo the total variances in the stepwise multiple regression analysis. This was followed by patient hospital days which accounted for an additional 4.5% of the total variances. To conclude, the discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception showed significant differences in 23 of 27 items. The discrepancy scores of uncertainty had a tendancy to be lowered in the higher age group and in the longer experienced group.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the general health status of radiological technologists by using Todai Health Index(THI) that has been employed as a standard health assessment tool for a specific group. The subjects in this study were 800 radiological technologists who were working in clinics, hospitals and university hospitals in and around Seoul and in some provincial cities. A survey was conducted directly or by mail in June and July, 2001. And the response rate was 68%. Using THI, the following findings were acquired: 1. By gender, both male and female radiological technologists complained about multiple subjective symptom(I) the most. And the women made more significant complaint of eight items including irregular life. 2. By age group, the radiological technologists whose age ranged from 20 to 24 got higher marks in most of the items, including multiple subjective symptom(I) and symptoms related to eyes and skin. 3. For career, those who had worked for a year or less or for one to five years got higher marks in most of the items. 4. Concerning marital status, the unmarried people complained about many items more, and the married people's symptom was more associated with live scale(L). 5. By the type of medical institution, the radiological technologists in the university hospitals got higher marks in two items including aggressiveness(F), but those in the clinics complained about the others more. 6. Regarding a place of service, there were little differences between the radiological technologists in basement and on the ground.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

Objectives : The evaluation of academic achievement is pivotal for establishing accurate direction and adequate level of medical education. The purpose of this study was to firstly establish innovative item analysis technique of Item Response Theory (IRT) for analyzing multiple-choice test of herbology in the traditional Korean medicine education which has not been available for the difficulty of test theory and statistical calculation. Methods : The answers of 390 students (2012-2018) to the 14 item herbology test in college of Korean medicine were used for the item analysis. As for the multidimensional analysis of item characteristics, difficulty, discrimination, and guessing parameters along with item-total correlation and percentage of correct answer were calculated using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and IRT. Results : The validity parameters of strong and weak items were illustrated in multiple perspectives. There were 4 items with six acceptable index scores, and 5 items with only one acceptable index score. The item discrimination of IRT was found to have no significant correlation with difficulty and discrimination indices of CTT emphasizing attention of professionals of medical education as for the test credibility. Conclusion : The critical suggestions for the development, utilization and revision of test items in the e-learning and evidence-based Teaching era were made based on the results of item analysis using IRT. The current study would firstly provide foundation for upgrading the quality of Korean medicine education using test theory.