• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.5 s.236
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• pp.754-761
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• 2005

The 40\% of wall thickness criterion which has been used as a plugging rule of steam generator tubes is applicable only to a single cracked tube. In the previous studies performed by authors, several global failure prediction models were introduced to estimate the failure loads of steam generator tubes containing two adjacent parallel axial through-wall cracks. These models were applied for thin plates with two parallel cracks and the COD base model was selected as the optimum one. The objective of this study is to verify the applicability of the proposed optimum global failure prediction model for real steam generator tubes with two parallel axial through-wall cracks. For the sake of this, a series of plastic collapse tests and finite element analyses have been carried out fur the steam generator tubes with two machined parallel axial through-wall cracks. Thereby, it was proven that the proposed optimum failure prediction model can be used as the best one to estimate the failure load quite well. Also, interaction effects between two adjacent cracks were assessed through additional finite element analyses to investigate the effect on the global failure behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.356-361
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• 2014

The eddy current testing performance directly affects the results of a steam generator tube integrity assessment because the integrity assessment of defected tubes is conducted based on eddy current testing results. This means that it may not be possible to accurately discriminate between adjacent flaws. This paper presents an investigation on the resolution of rotating pancake coils with multiple cracks and the effects on the structural integrity assessment of steam generator tubes.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.524-537
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• 2008

Zr-based amorphous alloy matrix composites reinforced with metallic continuous fibers were fabricated by liquid pressing process, and their fracture properties were investigated by directly observing microfracture process using an in situ loading stage installed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber. About 60 vol.% of metallic fibers were homogeneously distributed inside the amorphous matrix. Apparent fracture toughness of the stainless-steel- and tungsten-fiber-reinforced composites was lower than that of monolithic amorphous alloy, while that of the Ta-fiber-reinforced composite was higher. According to the microfracture observation, shear bands or cracks were initiated at the amorphous matrix, and the propagation of the initiated shear bands or cracks was effectively blocked by fibers, thereby resulting in stable crack growth which could be confirmed by the fracture resistance curve (R-curve) behavior. This increase in fracture resistance with increasing crack length improved fracture properties of the fiber-reinforced composites, and could be explained by mechanisms of formation of multiple shear bands or multiple cracks at the amorphous matrix and blocking of crack or shear band propagation and multiple necking at metallic fibers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.529-547
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• 2011

This paper presents the global-local finite cover method (GL-FCM) that is capable of analyzing structures involving local heterogeneities and propagating cracks. The suggested method is composed of two techniques. One of them is the FCM, which is one of the PU-based generalized finite element methods, for the analysis of local cohesive crack growth. The mechanical behavior evaluated in local heterogeneous structures by the FCM is transferred to the overall (global) structure by the so-called mortar method. The other is a method of mesh superposition for hierarchical modeling, which enables us to evaluate the average stiffness by the analysis of local heterogeneous structures not subjected to crack propagation. Several numerical experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. The capability and applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in an illustrative numerical example, in which we predict the mechanical deterioration of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure, whose local regions are subjected to propagating cracks induced by reinforcement corrosion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 1989

It has not been performed to inspect the underclad cracking in Korea nuclear plant since there is no Code Requirements for inspection. However, underclad cracks in nuclear pressure vessels were reported firstly in 1970. The objection of this study is to be established the ultrasonic inspection techniques for underclad cracking. The ultrasonic inspection of bimetalic stainless steel weld is very difficult by high attenuation and multiple scattering at weld surface and weld/base metal interface. The various inspection methods using $70^{\circ}$ refracted longitudinal wave, 50/70 tandem transducer, $45^{\circ}\;and\;60^{\circ}$ single shear wave are compared. Experiments on limited specimens applied same condition to nuclear pressure vessels shows that $70^{\circ}$ refracted longitudinal wave method is the best one for the detection of underclad cracks. 50/70 tandem transducer using SPOT(Satellite Pulse Observation Technique) is more effective for underclad crack sizing than other sizing methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.943-950
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• 2008

A novel nondestructive testing (NDT) system, which is able to detect a crack with high speed and high spatial resolution, is urgently required for inspecting small cracks on express train wheels. This paper proposes a high speed scan type magnetic camera, which uses the multiple amplifying circuits and the crack indicating pulse output system. The linearly integrated Hall sensors are arrayed in parallel, and the Hall voltages from each sensor in the scanning direction are obtained and amplified. High-speed NDT can be achieved by using the exclusive analog-digital converter and micro-processor because the ${\partial}\;V_H/\;{\partial}$ x value, which provides the most important crack information, can be obtained by buffering and calculating. The effectiveness of the novel method was verified by examine using cracks on the wheel specimen model.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2020

We propose a hole-filling method to solve discontinuous depth representation and to reduce the visible seams and cracks that cause the limitation of the viewing angle of the three-dimensional (3D) image in the multilayer type 3D display system. The occlusion and the disocclusion regions between layers, such as the visible seams and cracks, are a major bottleneck of the multilayer type 3D display system to represent a volumetric 3D image by stacking multiple images. As a result, in the reconstructed 3D image, the visible seams and cracks appear as brighter overlapping and undesirable cut-off. In order to resolve the problems above, we applied the depth-fused effect to the sub-depth map generating algorithm and improve the viewing characteristics of the multilayer type 3D display. The experimental demonstrations are also provided to verify the proposed scheme.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2012

This paper proposes a simple numerical method, based on the stress-modified fracture strain-damage model with the stress-reduction technique, for predicting the failure behaviors of ductile plates with multiple through-wall cracks. This technique is implemented using the user-defined subroutines provided in ABAQUS. For validation, the results simulated using the proposed method are compared with published experimental data of Japanese researchers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.635-645
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• 2018

Beam-column joints play a significant role in static and dynamic performances of reinforced concrete frame structures. This study contributes a numerical approach of topologically optimal design of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) to retrofit existing beam-column connections with crack patterns. In recent, CFRP is used commonly in the rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete members due to the remarkable properties, such as lightweight, anti-corrosion and simplicity to execute construction. With the target to provide an optimal CFRP configuration to effectively retrofit the beam-column connection under semi-failure situation such as given cracks, extended finite element method (X-FEM) is used by combining with multi-material topology optimization (MTO) as a mechanical description approach for strong discontinuity state to mechanically model cracked structures. The well founded mathematical formulation of topology optimization problem for cracked structures by using multiple materials is described in detail in this study. In addition, moved and regularized Heaviside functions (MRHF), that have the role of a filter in multiple materials case, is also considered. The numerical example results illustrated in two cases of beam-column joints with stationary cracks verify the validity, benefit and supremacy of the proposed method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.277-281
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• 2018

The analytical solution of two functionally graded layers with Volterra type screw dislocation is investigated under anti-plane shear impact loading. The energy dissipation of FGM layers is modeled by viscous damping and the properties of the materials are assumed to change exponentially along the thickness of the layers. In this study, the rate of gradual change ofshear moduli, mass density and damping constant are assumed to be same. At first, the stress fields in the interface of the FGM layers are derived by using a single dislocation. Then, by determining a distributed dislocation density on the crack surface and by using the Fourier and Laplace integral transforms, the problem are reduce to a system ofsingular integral equations with simple Cauchy kernel. The dynamic stress intensity factors are determined by numerical Laplace inversion and the distributed dislocation technique. Finally, various examples are provided to investigate the effects of the geometrical parameters, material properties, viscous damping and cracks configuration on the dynamic fracture behavior of the interacting cracks.