• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.140-152
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• 2015

최근 사용자와 컴퓨터간의 양방향 상호작용을 가능하게 하는 HCI(Human Computer Interaction) 연구를 위해 인간의 의사소통 체계와 유사한 인터페이스 기술들이 개발되고 있다. 이러한 인간과의 의사소통 과정에서 사용되는 커뮤니케이션 채널을 모달리티라고 부르며, 다양한 단말기 및 서비스 환경에 따라 최적의 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하기 위해서 두 개 이상의 모달리티를 활용하는 멀티모달 인터페이스가 활발히 연구되고 있다. 하지만, 멀티모달 인터페이스를 사용하기에는 각각의 모달리티가 갖는 정보 형식이 서로 상이하기 때문에 상호 연동이 어려우며 상호 보완적인 성능을 발휘하는데 한계가 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문은 W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)의 EMMA(Extensible Multimodal Annotation Markup language)와 MMI(Multimodal Interaction Framework)표준에 기반하여 복수의 모달리티를 상호연동할 수 있는 멀티모달 커뮤니케이터를 제안한다. 멀티모달 커뮤니케이터는 W3C 표준에 포함된 MC(Modality Component), IM(Interaction Manager), PC(Presentation Component)로 구성되며 국제 표준에 기반하여 설계하였기 때문에 다양한 모달리티의 수용 및 확장이 용이하다. 실험에서는 시선 추적과 동작 인식 모달리티를 이용하여 지도 탐색 시나리오에 멀티모달 커뮤니케이터를 적용한 사례를 제시한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2006

Multimodal interfaces are recognition-based technologies that interpret and encode hand gestures, eye-gaze, movement pattern, speech, physical location and other natural human behaviors. Modality is the type of communication channel used for interaction. It also covers the way an idea is expressed or perceived, or the manner in which an action is performed. Multimodal Interfaces are the technologies that constitute multimodal interaction processes which occur consciously or unconsciously while communicating between human and computer. So input/output forms of multimodal interfaces assume different aspects from existing ones. Moreover, different people show different cognitive styles and individual preferences play a role in the selection of one input mode over another. Therefore to develop an effective design of multimodal user interfaces, input/output structure need to be formulated through the research of human cognition. This paper analyzes the characteristics of each human modality and suggests combination types of modalities, dual-coding for formulating multimodal interaction. Then it designs multimodal language and input synchronization method according to the granularity of input synchronization. To effectively guide the development of next-generation multimodal interfaces, substantially cognitive modeling will be needed to understand the temporal and semantic relations between different modalities, their joint functionality, and their overall potential for supporting computation in different forms. This paper is expected that it can show multimodal interface designers how to organize and integrate human input modalities while interacting with multimodal interfaces.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 멀티모달(multi-modal) 인터페이스를 통해 지능적 가상검객과 체감형 검도게임을 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 검도게임 시스템은 멀티모달 인터페이스(시각과 청각), 인공지능(AI), 피드백(스크린과 사운드) 등 크게 세 가지 모듈로 구성된다. 첫 번째로, 멀티모달 인터페이스는 시각기반, 3차원 인터페이스를 이용하여 사용자가 자유롭게 3차원 공간에서 움직일 수 있도록 하고, 음성기반 인터페이스를 이용하여 사용자가 현실감 있는 검도게임을 즐길 수 있도록 한다. 두 번째, 인공지능은 가상검객에게 멀티모달 인터페이스에서 입력되는 시각과 음성을 인식하여 가상검객의 반응을 유도한다. 마지막으로, 대형 스크린과 스피커를 통한 시청각 피드백은 체감형 상호작용을 통하여 사용자가 몰입감을 느끼며 검도게임을 경험할 수 있도록 한다. 따라서 제안된 시스템은 전신의 움직임으로 사용자에게 몰입감의 검도게임을 제공한다. 제안된 시스템은 오락 외에 교육, 운동, 예술행위 등 다양한 분야에 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.771-775
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• 2004

The present Web surroundings is mostly composed of HTML(Hypertext Mark-up Language) and thereby users obtain web informations mainly in GUI(Graphical User Interface) environment by clicking mouse in order to keep up with hyperlinked informations. However it is very inconvenient to work in this environment comparing with easily accessed one in which human`s voice is utilized for obtaining informations. Using VoiceXML, resulted from XML, for supplying the information through telephone on the basis of the contemporary matured technology of voice recognition/synthesis to work out the inconvenience problem, this paper presents the research results about VoiceXML VUI(Voice User Interface) Browser designed and implemented for realizing its technology and also the VoiceXML Dialog designed for the purpose of the browser's efficient use.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2011년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.38 No.1(B)
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• pp.240-241
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• 2011

Contemporary electronic healthcare systems are getting more and more complex, providing users a broad functionality, but often fail to have accessible interfaces. However, the importance of a good interface is nearly as great as of the rest of the system. Development of an intuitive multimodal interface for a healthcare system is the goal of our research work. This paper discusses data model of the interface.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.249-252
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• 2000

An experimental multimodal system combining natural input modes such as speech, lip movement, and gaze is proposed in this paper. It benefits from novel human-compute. interaction (HCI) modalities and from multimodal integration for tackling the problem of the HCI bottleneck. This system allows the user to select menu items on the screen by employing speech recognition, lip reading, and gaze tracking components in parallel. Face tracking is a supplementary component to gaze tracking and lip movement analysis. These key components are reviewed and preliminary results are shown with multimodal integration and user testing on the prototype system. It is noteworthy that the system equipped with gaze tracking and lip reading is very effective in noisy environment, where the speech recognition rate is low, moreover, not stable. Our long term interest is to build a user interface embedded in a commercial car navigation system (CNS).

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

Learning methods using various assistive and smart devices have been developed to enable independent learning of the disabled. Pointer control is the most important consideration for the disabled when controlling a device and the contents of an existing graphical user interface (GUI) environment; however, difficulties can be encountered when using a pointer, depending on the disability type; Although there are individual differences depending on the blind, low vision, and upper limb disability, problems arise in the accuracy of object selection and execution in common. A multimodal interface pilot solution is presented that enables people with various disability types to control web interactions more easily. First, we classify web interaction types using digital devices and derive essential web interactions among them. Second, to solve problems that occur when performing web interactions considering the disability type, the necessary technology according to the characteristics of each disability type is presented. Finally, a pilot solution for the multimodal interface for each disability type is proposed. We identified three disability types and developed solutions for each type. We developed a remote-control operation voice interface for blind people and a voice output interface applying the selective focusing technique for low-vision people. Finally, we developed a gaze-tracking and voice-command interface for GUI operations for people with upper-limb disability.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2006년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2006

멀티모달 인터페이스는 인간의 제스처, 시선, 손의 움직임, 행동의 패턴, 음성, 물리적인 위치 등 인간의 자연스러운 행동들에 대한 정보를 해석하고 부호화하는 인지기반 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 제스처와 음성, 터치를 이용한 3D 오브젝트 기반의 멀티모달 인터페이스를 설계, 구현한다. 서비스 도메인은 스마트 홈이며 사용자는 3D 오브젝트 직접조작을 통해 원격으로 가정의 오브젝트들을 모니터링하고 제어할 수 있다. 멀티모달 인터랙션 입출력 과정에서는 여러 개의 모달리티를 병렬적으로 인지하고 처리해야 하기 때문에 입출력 과정에서 각 모달리티의 조합과 부호화 방법, 입출력 형식 등이 문제시된다. 본 연구에서는 모달리티들의 특징과 인간의 인지구조 분석을 바탕으로 제스처, 음성, 터치 모달리티 간의 입력조합방식을 제시하고 멀티모달을 이용한 효율적인 3D Object 인터랙션 프로토타입을 설계한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1085-1094
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• 2016

In this work, we present interactive automultiscopic content with mobile surface haptics for multimodal interaction. Our system consists of a 40-view automultiscopic display and a tablet supporting surface haptics in an immersive room. Animated graphics are projected onto the walls of the room. The 40-view automultiscopic display is placed at the center of the front wall. The haptic tablet is installed at the mobile station to enable the user to interact with the tablet. The 40-view real-time rendering and multiplexing technology is applied by establishing virtual cameras in the convergence layout. Surface haptics rendering is synchronized with three-dimensional (3D) objects on the display for real-time haptic interaction. We conduct an experiment to evaluate user experiences of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the system's multimodal interaction provides positive user experiences of immersion, control, user interface intuitiveness, and 3D effects.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.626-636
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• 2015

This paper proposes an adaptive multimodal in-vehicle information system for safe driving. The proposed system filters input information based on both the priority assigned to the information and the given driving situation, to effectively manage input information and intelligently provide information to the driver. It then interacts with the driver using an adaptive multimodal interface by considering both the driving workload and the driver's cognitive reaction to the information it provides. It is shown experimentally that the proposed system can promote driver safety and enhance a driver's understanding of the information it provides by filtering the input information. In addition, the system can reduce a driver's workload by selecting an appropriate modality and corresponding level with which to communicate. An analysis of subjective questionnaires regarding the proposed system reveals that more than 85% of the respondents are satisfied with it. The proposed system is expected to provide prioritized information through an easily understood modality.