• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.491-494
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• 1994

Antibiotic HS-2 was purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces plicatosporus which was isolated from soil, by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and gel filtration. Through the analysis of UV, $^{1}$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR spectrum, HS-2 was identified as rubiginone B$_{2}$. It was confirmed that HS-2 enhanced the cytotoxicity of colchicine against multidrug-resistant tumor cells.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.516-518
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• 2011

Purpose: The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis has increased worldwide. There are some reports about postoperative antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infection after craniofacial surgery, but, there is no report in Korea. We present a report on the treatment of postoperative multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MRSP) meningitis and sepsis after craniofacial surgery based on our experience. Methods: The patient was a 7-year-old boy with Crouzon's disease who was treated by fronto-orbital bar advancement. Intraoperatively, frontal sinus opening was seen during osteotomy which was covered with forehead galeopericranial flap. MRSP meningitis was diagnosed after the surgery, he was treated with intravenous vancomycin, meropenem, and levofloxacin. Results: The patient was treated successfully after 3 weeks of intravenous antibiotics treatment. During the 8 month follow-up period, there was no neurologic sequelae. Conclusion: Postoperative infection after craniofacial surgery is an important phenomenon that needs immediate recognition. Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment immediate after onset are important as countermeasures against postoperative drug-resistant bacterial infection. To prevent adverse outcome and reoperation, proper antibiotics treatment should be performed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health problem worldwide. Especially, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), which is defined as TB that shows resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin, is a barrier in the treatment of TB. Globally, approximately 3.4% of new TB patients and 20% of the patients with a history of previous treatment for TB were diagnosed with MDR-TB. The treatment of MDR-TB requires medications for a long duration (up to 20-24 months) with less effective and toxic second-line drugs and has unfavorable outcomes. However, treatment outcomes are expected to improve due to the introduction of a new agent (bedaquiline), repurposed drugs (linezolid, clofazimine, and cycloserine), and technological advancement in rapid drug sensitivity testing. The World Health Organization (WHO) released a rapid communication in 2018, followed by consolidated guidelines for the treatment of MDR-TB in 2019 based on clinical trials and an individual patient data meta-analysis. In these guidelines, the WHO suggested reclassification of second-line anti-TB drugs and recommended oral treatment regimens that included the new and repurposed agents. The aims of this article are to review the treatment strategies of MDR-TB based on the 2019 WHO guidelines regarding the management of MDR-TB and the diagnostic techniques for detecting resistance, including phenotypic and molecular drug sensitivity tests.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify the knowledge and compliance level of nursing students. It was based on self-administered questionnaires about multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Methods: The test group was 184 nursing students who had contact with MDROs during clinical practice. The study was conducted from May 1 to September 16, 2011. Results: The average knowledge level of MDROs was 16.20 (correct answer rate: 67.5%). The nurses' compliance level of MDROs infection control was on average 40.50 (range: 13-52). "Hand hygiene" ranked highest in the compliance level of MDROs infection control. The lowest level of MDRO infection control was the wearing of disposable aprons or gowns. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the nursing students' knowledge and the compliance level of infection control. We suggest that nursing students receive mandated systematic education of MDROs in the nursing curriculum. And clinical practice experience of MDROs infection control is required in hospitals. These steps will help prevent transmission of MDROs in nursing settings.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1999

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes the catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic compounds. It exists in a variety of isoenzy-matic froms with a wide range of substrate specificity and plays a pivotal role in detoxification of various drugs. In order to elucidate the GST-${\pi}$'s involvement of multidrug resistance (MDR) in drug-resistant tumor cell lines, we determined GST-${\pi}$ content by "1 step sandwich method". Consequently, adriamycin resistant cells of MCF-7 (MCF-7/ADM) have 7-fold increase of GST-${\pi}$ content than that of MCF-7 cells, while its {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX} was 116-fold greater than parent cell line. By northrn blotting, we compared whether MCF-7/ADM cells express GST-${\pi}$ mRNA. The GST-${\pi}$ mRNA expression in these cells was not inducible, but constitutive when treated for 24 h with a concentration of 0, 20, 200, and 2000 nM of adriamycin, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that GST-${\pi}$ may not be directly associated with multidrug resistance in these human cancer cell lines.ell lines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1672-1676
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• 2010

The Actinomycete strain KH29 is antagonistic to the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Based on the diaminopimelic acid (DAP) type, and the morphological and physiological characteristics observed through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), KH29 was confirmed as belonging to the genus Streptomyces. By way of its noted 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences, KH29 was found to have a relationship with Streptomyces cinnamonensis. The production of an antibiotic from this strain was found to be most favorable when cultured with glucose, polypeptone, and yeast extract (PY) medium for 6 days at $27^{\circ}C$. The antibiotic produced was identified, through comparisons with reported spectral data including MS and NMR as a cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-tryptophanyl). Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp), from the PY cultures of KH29, was seen to be highly effective against 41 of 49 multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) had antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans, However, it was ineffective against Streptomyces murinus.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.577-580
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• 1995

During the screening for the antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, we isolated an active compound produced by strain CNU30122. The active compound was purified from culture broth by HP-20 column chromatography, ethylacetate extraction. silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and HPLC. Based on various NMR studies including $^1H-^1H\;COSY$, $^1H-^{13}C\;COSY$ and HMBC experiments. the active compound was identified as fusidic acid.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

Currently, people are exposed to many harmful diseases. Therefore, there are many schemes, such as automation of productive facilities, development of information and communication technology, enhanced the quality of human life and wealth. However, these processes lead to weakened immune system. Thus, people are more vulnerable to infections from pathogens and environmental stress. Misuse and abuse of drugs resulted in the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes and tumors, therefore, to find new antibiotics are urgently needed. One of them is a peptide-antibiotic, that is not or less occurred a drug-resistance, comparing to conventional drugs. Peptides with various antibiotic activities have been identified from life organisms. The present review provides an overview of activities and application of peptide antibiotics.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

Objectives: The quorum-sensing-inhibitory and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extract of E. globulus leaves were determined against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The preliminary anti-quorum-sensing (AQS) activity of eucalyptus was investigated against a biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472) by using the agar well diffusion method. The effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the methanol extract of eucalyptus on different quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors, such as swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, exopolysaccharide (EPS), and biofilm formation, against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and reference PA01 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the swarm diameter (mm)-measurement method, chloroform extraction method, phenol (5%)-sulphuric acid (concentrated) method, and the microtiter plate assay respectively, and the inhibition (%) in formation were calculated. Results: The preliminary AQS activity (violacein pigment inhibition) of eucalyptus was confirmed against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472). The eucalyptus extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition (%) of swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, EPS, and biofilm formation in different CIs and PA01 of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Our results revealed the effectiveness of the E. globulus extract for the regulation of quorum-sensing-dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation at a reduced dose (sub-MICs) and suggest that E. globulus may be a therapeutic agent for curing and controlling bacterial infection and thereby reducing the possibility of resistance development in pathogenic strains.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.529-537
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• 2009

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical signs and the detection rates of acid-fast bacilli smears and cultures are low. Therefore, every effort should be made to identify adult sources and obtain information on drug susceptibility because symptomatic adult patients have a higher chance of culture positivity and drug-susceptibility patterns are the same in most adult-child pair patients. Korean children are at significant risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis. As the isoniazid resistance rate is greater than 4% among the new cases in Korea, a four-drug regimen should be considered for initial treatment of children with active tuberculosis, unless drug-susceptibility test results are available. Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children is challenging and there are only few available data. Tuberculosis control programs should be continuous with specific focus on pediatric populations because they can serve as reservoirs for future active cases. Further studies are needed regarding treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children.