• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the predictive validity of Comprehensive Korean Frailty Instrument (CKFI) among older adults. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study was conducted. Frailty was determined in older adults (N=9,188) according to the data in 2008 and the effects of frailty on adverse outcomes (such as institutionalization and death) were evaluated according to the data in 2011. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) index was used to compare with the predictive validity of CKFI. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 26.3%. With the CKFI, the frail group had a higher risk of negative health outcomes compared to the robust and pre-frail groups after three years. The two of the highest risks identified using the CKFI and CHS index were institutionalization (5.522 times higher) and mortality (3.210 times higher). For both instruments, the survival analysis revealed that the risk of death increased as the degree of frailty increased. Conclusion: The CKFI consisting of self-report items and multidimensional aspects of frailty can be used as a simple instrument for assessing the frailty of older adults residing in a local community in Korea.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors to influence on buying behavior of Chinese male consumers in regards to apparel types. Furthermore, this study provided fundamental data for marketing strategy in export apparel business to China from domestic apparel business. Returned 863 questionnaires from Chinese male consumers analyzed by factor analysis, and multidimensional scaling with SPSS10.0. The result of this study were as follows: Chinese male consumers bought formal wear with evaluating two groups of factors; one for functional (fitness, A/S, durability, and management), the other for external (brand, and trend). They bought casual wear with evaluating three groups of factors; functional/useful (price, A/S, and durability), aesthetic (color, and design), and external (brand and trend). Also they bought sports wear with evaluating three groups of factors; functional/useful(price, A/S, durability, and fabric), aesthetic(design and color), and external(brand and coordination).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2007

The program on thermal-hydraulic evaluation by testing and analysis (THETA) for the development and licensing of the new design features in the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor-1400) is briefly introduced with a presentation on the research motivation and typical results of the separate effect tests and analyses of the major design features. The first part deals with multi-dimensional phenomena related to the safety analysis of the APR1400. One research area is related to the multidimensional behavior of the safety injection (SI) water in a reactor pressure vessel downcomer that uses a direct vessel injection type of SI system. The other area is associated with the condensation of steam jets and the resultant thermal mixing in a water pool; these phenomena are relevant to the depressurization of a reactor coolant system (RCS). The second part describes our efforts to develop new components for safety enhancements, such as a fluidic device as a passive SI flow controller and a sparger to depressurize the RCS. This work contributes to an understanding of the new thermal-hydraulic phenomena that are relevant to advanced reactor system designs; it also improves the prediction capabilities of analysis tools for multi-dimensional flow behavior, especially in complicated geometries.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.979-988
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• 2017

The feasibility of cooling in a pressurized heavy water reactor after a large break loss-of-coolant accident has been analyzed using Multidimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety-KINS Standard code during the recirculation phase. Through evaluation of sensitivity of the fuel channel temperature to various effective recirculation flow areas, it is determined that proper cooling of the fuel channels in the broken loop is feasible if the effective flow area remains above approximately 70% of the nominal flow area. When the flow area is reduced by more than approximately 25% of the nominal value, however, incipience of boiling is expected, after which the thermal integrity of the fuel channel can be threatened. In addition, if a dramatic reduction of the recirculation flow occurs, excursions and frequent fluctuations of temperature in the fuel channels are likely to be unavoidable, and thus damage to the fuel channels would be anticipated. To resolve this, emergency coolant supply through the newly installed external injection path can be used as one alternative means of cooling, enabling fuel channel integrity to be maintained and permanently preventing severe accident conditions. Thus, the external injection flow required to guarantee fuel channel coolability has been estimated.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2020

최근 기술의 혁신을 위한 연구개발의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 연구개발의 급속한 발전은 다양한 긍정적 효과가 있지만, 동시에 정보 및 기술에 대한 유출 범죄를 가속화시키는 부정적 영향 또한 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 점차 심각해지는 연구개발 결과물 유출 사고를 대비하기 위해 조직 차원에서 이루어지는 연구개발 환경을 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 연구보안 수준측정 모형을 개발하였다. 먼저 국내외 연구개발 관련 보안정책들을 분석하고 종합하여, 연구보안 수준평가 항목 10개(연구보안 추진체계, 연구시설과 장비 보안, 전자정보 보안, 주요 연구정보 관리, 연구노트 관리, 지식재산권/특허 관리, 기술사업화 관리, 내부연구원 관리, 인가된 제3자 관리, 외부자 관리)를 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 도출하였다. 다음으로, 도출한 연구보안 수준평가 항목을 조직의 연구개발 환경에 다차원적 관점에서 적용 가능하도록 연구보안 수준평가 모형을 설계하였다. 마지막으로 모형에 대한 타당성을 검증하고, 실제 연구개발을 수행하는 조직을 대상으로 시범 적용하여 연구보안 수준을 평가해보았다. 본 연구에서 개발한 연구보안 수준평가 모형은 실제 연구개발을 수행하고 있는 조직 및 프로젝트의 보안 수준을 적절하게 측정하는 데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되고, 연구개발을 직접 수행하는 연구원들이 자체적으로 연구보안 체계를 수립하고 보안관리 대책을 마련하는 데 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다. 또한 연구개발을 수행하는 조직 차원의 보안성 향상뿐만 아니라 프로젝트 단위의 연구개발을 안전하게 수행함으로써, 연구개발 투자에 대한 안정적이고 효과적인 성과를 낼 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for a more functional torso's pattern by analyzing multidimensional anthropometric measurements and the wearing condition. For the functional torso's pattern drafting, the fitness state of basic torso's patterns(4 types) was compared and evaluated from the cross-sectioned overlap maps by $moir{\acute{e}}$ topography. The results were as follows: 1. According to the measurements of four patterns by using the one-dimensional measurement, the amount of ease in girth item for pattern A was the smallest. The ease of clothes was affected by the position of dart, the amount of dart, and the drafting method. 2. As the results of wearing evaluation by $moir{\acute{e}}$ topography method, pattern B had the largest space length for hip part, pattern A, C and D had the largest space length for bust part. Also, in the all measurement items, pattern A had the smallest amount of ease. The space length for bust and waist part of pattern B was smaller than pattern D, but, for abdomen and hip part of pattern B was larger than pattern D. The space length of pattern C was revealed intermediate for all measurement part. 3. The significant difference of space length of each pattern was shown in all parts except bust part(p<.05). The amount of space was affected by the amount of dart, the characteristics of the somatotype, and the drafting method.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.113-129
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• 2003

최근 교육 평가에서는 수행 평가가 그 중요성을 인정받으며 전면 실시되고 있다. 현장에서의 수행 평가는 각 교과별은 물론 교과와 기타 활동이 서로 분절되어 평가되고 있어 평가 결과가 학습자를 종합적으로 분석해 주지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 문제점에 기초하여 한 교과 영역의 평가 결과가 관련 있는 다른 교과 영역의 평가 결과에 영향을 미치는 다차원 처리 도구를 설계하고 구현하였다. 또한, 교과별 자료 데이터베이스를 제공하여 교사의 수행 평가 계획 수립 및 처리를 지원하며, 입력된 정보는 통합 처리되어 상담 자료, 성적 처리 자료 등으로 출력되도록 하였다. 본 시스템은 윈도기반의 수행 평가 처리 시스템으로 추후 웹 기반 지원 시스템으로의 확장을 고려하여 개발되었다. 본 연구의 시스템은 교사의 수행 평가 업무를 간편화하고 학습자의 성취도와 능력을 다양한 방법으로 평가하여 교육의 수월성을 제고하고, 평가의 투명성으로 인해 공교육의 신뢰성을 확보하는데 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2001

Background: Infrared Thermal Imaging (ITI) is an effective tool for the diagnosis of disease and evaluation of the therapeutic effects following pain treatment. Patients who were treated for pain in pain clinic described the intensity of pain and the degree of change of their pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS). In this study, the usefulness of ITI following multimodal methods for pain management were compared with the change of VAS. Methods: 1119 patients were evaluated. The patients were treated with stellate ganglion block, epidural block or trigger points injection. Before treatment, the temperature difference (${\Delta}T$) of the involved area and the corresponding area on the opposite side of the body was measured using ITI and VAS was assessed. After treatment, the temperature difference (${\Delta}T$) between the normal and involved areas, the change of ${\Delta}T$ (${\Delta}dT$), VAS and the change of VAS (${\Delta}VAS$) were measured. Statistic correlations between ${\Delta}dT$and ${\Delta}VAS$ were calculated in all groups. Results: Correlation of the ${\Delta}dT$ and ${\Delta}VAS$ was significant by contingency coefficient test. (SGB group, C = 0.358, Epi group, C = 0.377, TPI group, C = 0.374, P < 0.05) Conclusions: ITI is a reliable tool for the assessment of therapeutic effects following multidimensional management of painful disease.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 1999

Clothes enhance visual images through the interaction between space and background of the wearer. The influence of background is important as that of the clothes when the observer understands the images. We look at fashion pictures used as important as that various backgrounds are presented depending on the image of the clothes. The clothing the model wears in the pictures takes on shape and space which supports the clothes. The background interact to from the whole image. The background has an important influence on the delivery of image for the clothes. However when the clothes are presented in the background there are some cases that all or parts of clothes can be shown. We must consider the composition ratio of the clothes and background which influences the whole image of the clothing. These interactions and influences on the whole image in regards to clothing background and the ratio will be the focus of this study. clothing was Modern Mannish Casual, Feminine, Ground was decided artificial setting 1 natural setting 1, indoor setting 1, artificial setting 2, natural setting 2, indoor setting 2, Percentage of Clothing was 80% , 140%, 200%,. Thus visual stimulus were 72 pictures that were combined Clothing Ground and Percentage of Clothing, the main survey of questionary consisted of their evaluation of the Picture image combined Clothing and Ground by 30 semantic differential bi-polar scales and the subjects were 50 students majoring in clothing and textile. The data analyzed by factor analysis MCA, MDS, The major finding were as follows : 1) As a result of factor analysis, 5 factors -Attractiveness Hardness and softness Cuteness Attention Cool and Warm factor were found out as constructing factors the Picture image combined Clothing and Ground 2) According to multidimensional positioning map were presented in a stimulus position the perceptive image differed in degree of similarity as a ground construction of stimulus in spite of same clothing image. It will aid in choosing the most beneficial background for any clothing brand. It will enhance the picture images to their full potential in any advertising medium.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.353-364
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• 1998

Consumer knowledge has been discussed as an important concept to understand information processing such as information search and evaluation process. It has been defined as the amounts and contents of information in consumer's memory accumulated by experiences. According to literature review, experts who have much knowledge are likely to retrieve their information related to products for a purchase efficiency. Therefore, they are likely to simplify the information processing for a choice. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between clothing product knowledge and evaluative criteria for a purchase. The results were as follows; First, it was found out that evaluative criteria were composed of four dimensions such as the management, the esthetic, the fitness and the brand. Therefore, it is implied that evaluative criteria for purchasing clothing products were multidimensional. Second, the level of objective knowledge was low, and consumers perceived that they didn't have much knowledge related with clothing products. Also, the relationships between objective and subjective knowledge were positive but low. Third, the evaluative criteria were effected by the level of consumer's knowledge significantly. In subjective knowledge, the subjects in a high group considered all criteria more deeply than in a low group. But there was a significant difference only in the esthetic between two groups in objective knowledge. The results of this study imply that consumer knowledge may influence evaluation process. Knowledgeable consumer would consider product attributes deeply for evaluating clothing products, and especially, the esthetic would be an important factor as an attribute including the instrumental and expressive functions in a purchase phase. Therefore, consumer knowl- edge would be a basis of predicting expert's information processing and managing heavy buyer or loyal consumers in apparel industry.