• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.775-791
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• 2010

Objectives : Woohwangchungsim-won has been used for acute diseases such as cerebrovascular disease (stroke), heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects, significance & necessity of Woohwangchungsim-won in acute stages of these disease by reviewing Korean articles about Woohwangchungsim-won. Methods : Article searches were performed on 8 major Korean web article search engine from January 1980 to August 2010. There were no restrictions on the types of publication, including grey articles. Results : Forty-three articles were included. Twenty one were efficacy tests, thirteen were comparative efficacy tests, eight were toxicity tests, and one was new method development. Eighteen articles were multicenter studies and twenty five were single center studies. Thirty two articles were animal testing, only ten articles were clinical articles. Thirty seven articles presented the composition and quantity of Woohwangchungsim-won, but six did not. Conclusions : The results of Korean articles about Woohwangchungsim-won can not strongly support the effects, significance & necessity of Woohwangchungsim-won. More rigorous studies are required for determination of the effects of Woohwangchungsim-won.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3823-3827
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• 2016

Background: To investigate the association circumcision with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedicine literature database up to August 2015. All case-control studies were identified in which investigated the association circumcision with prostate cancer. Three authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA version 11.0. Results: Six case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis showed that there was a lower incidence of circumcision in prostate cancer patients compared with control (OR=0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-0.98, P=0.01). The results of meta-analysis also showed that no significant difference was found between circumcision and less aggressive prostate cancer (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.83-1.04, P=0.19); however, there was a lower incidence of circumcision in more aggressive prostate cancer compared with control (OR =0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97, P=0.02). The Egger's results did not show any evidence of publication bias(P=0.798). Conclusions: In summary, within the limits of available data, male with circumcision appears to have a lower incidence of prostate cancer. In the future, high-quality multicenter studies are needed to thoroughly verify the outcome.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

Endoscopic resection has been established as one of the treatment options for selected cases of early gastric cancer in Korea. Yet the indications, best treatment methods, management of complications and follow-up methods after the procedure are still uncertain. Some large-scale multicenter studies have recently been reported in Korea. In this review, I will provide an overview of the recent published articles and future directions for endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4917-4920
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• 2016

For advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, a platinum-based regimen is the first-line chemotherapy treatment. The excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) plays an important role in DNA repair and has been related to resistance to platinum chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ERCC1 (C118T) polymorphism on treatment response in 26 Thai advanced NSCLC patients receiving first line platinum-based chemotherapy during January to July 2015 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH). DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes and the single nucleotide polymorphism of ERCC1 was genotyped using a real-time PCR method with the TaqMan assay. The distribution of C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes was 57.7 %, 34.6 % and 7.7 %, respectively. The response rate to platinum-based chemotherapy in the wild type (C/C) of ERCC1 (C118T) was better than with the variant types (C/T and T/T) but the difference was not statistically significant (29.7% vs 9.1%, P=0.274). The results showed that a genetic polymorphism in ERCC1 might influence patient response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Further multicenter studies are now required to confirm the results of our study.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.608-617
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• 2018

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the rates, types, and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) following spinal surgery using data from a Korean SSI surveillance system that included diagnoses made by surgeons. Methods : This was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent spinal surgeries at 42 hospitals in South Korea from January 2017 to December 2017. The procedures included spinal fusion, laminectomy, discectomy, and corpectomy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results : Of the 3080 cases included, 30 showed infection, and the overall SSI rate was 1.0% (an incidence of 1.2% in spinal fusion and 0.6% in laminectomy). Deep incisional infections were the most common type of SSIs (46.7%). Gram-positive bacteria caused 80% of the infections, and coagulase-negative staphylococci, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, accounted for 58% of the gram-positive bacteria. A longer preoperative hospital stay was significantly associated with the incidence of SSI after both spinal fusion and laminectomy (p=0.013, p<0.001). A combined operation also was associated with SSI after laminectomy (p=0.032). Conclusion : An SSI surveillance system is important for the accurate analysis of SSI. The incidence of SSI after spinal surgery assessed by a national surveillance system was 1.0%. Additional data collection will be needed in future studies to analyze SSI in spinal surgery.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.645-652
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• 2018

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the rates, types, and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) following intracranial neurosurgical procedures evaluated by a Korean SSI surveillance system. Methods : This was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent neurosurgical procedures at 29 hospitals in South Korea from January 2017 to June 2017. The procedures included craniectomy, craniotomy, cranioplasty, burr hole, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results : Of the 1576 cases included, 30 showed infection, for an overall SSI rate of 1.9%. Organ/space infection was the most common, found in 21 out of the 30 cases (70%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common (41%) of all bacteria, and Serratia marcescens (12%) was the most common among gram-negative bacteria. In univariate analyses, the p-values for age, preoperative hospital stay duration, and over T-hour were <0.2. In a multivariate analysis of these variables, only preoperative hospital stay was significantly associated with the incidence of SSI (p<0.001), whereas age and over T-hour showed a tendency to increase the risk of SSI (p=0.09 and 0.06). Conclusion : Surveillance systems play important roles in the accurate analysis of SSI. The incidence of SSI after neurosurgical procedures assessed by a national surveillance system was 1.9%. Future studies will provide clinically useful results for SSI when data are accumulated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7821-7824
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• 2014

Background: We investigated the correlation between standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor size and Fuhrman grade in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 54 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma histopathologically diagnosed who underwent fluorine-18 fluoro-2 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) between January 2005 and March 2014. Results: Avarage tumor sizes were $5.64{\pm}1.85$, $6.85{\pm}2.24$ and $7.98{\pm}2.45$ in low, medium and high SUVmax groups, respectively. The Spearman's correlation coefficient between the tumor size and SUVmax was 0.385 (p=0.004) and between the Fuhrman grade and SUVmax was 0.578 (p<0.001). Conclusions: SUVmax appears highly correlated with tumor size and Fuhrman grade in patients with histopathologically confirmed clear cell RC. Multicenter studies are needed to provide larger series for more accurate results.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.155-161
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• 2019

Following the first successful trial of surfactant replacement therapy for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Fujiwara in 1980, several animal-derived natural surfactants and synthetic surfactants have been developed. Synthetic surfactants were designed to overcome limitations of natural surfactants such as cost, immune reactions, and infections elicited by animal proteins contained in natural surfactants. However, first-generation synthetic surfactants that are protein-free have failed to prove their superiority over natural surfactants because they lack surfactant protein (SP). Lucinactant, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing the SP-B analog, was better or at least as effective as the natural surfactant, suggesting that lucinactant could act an alternative to natural surfactants. Lucinactant was approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2012 as the fifth surfactant to treat neonatal RDS. CHF5633, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing SP-B and SP-C analogs, was effective and safe in a human multicenter cohort study for preterm infants. Many comparative studies of natural surfactants used worldwide have reported different efficacies for different preparations. However, these differences are believed to due to site variations, not actual differences. The more important thing than the composition of the surfactant in improving outcome is the timing and mode of administration of the surfactant. Novel synthetic surfactants containing synthetic phospholipid incorporated with SP-B and SP-C analogs will potentially represent alternatives to natural surfactants in the future, while improvement of treatment modalities with less-invasive or noninvasive methods of surfactant administration will be the most important task to be resolved.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.373-376
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• 2003

Objectives : Peripheral blood-buffy coat fractions (N=14,956) have been stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ in the headquarter of the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort (KMCC), since 1993. To study the future molecular etiology of cancers using specimens of the cohort, properly stored specimens are necessary, Therefore, the DNA-viability of the bully coat samples was investigated. Methods : Buffy coat fraction samples were randomly selected from various collection areas and years (N=100). The DNA viability was evaluate from the UV-absorbent ratios at 260/280nm and the PCH for $\beta$-globin was performed with genomic DNA isolated from the buffy coat. Results : PCR products were obtained from 85 and 98% of the C and H area-samples, respectively, using 50 or $100{\mu}l$ of the buffy coat. There were significant differences in the yields of the PCR-amplifications from the C and H areas (p<0.05), which was due to differences in the homogenization of the buffy coat fractions available as aliquots. The PCR-products were obtained from all of the samples (N=7) stored at the C area-local confer, but the other aliquots stored at the headquarter were not PCR-amplified, Therefore, the PCR products in almost all the samples, even including the DNA-degraded samples, were obtained. In addition, an improvement in the DNA isolation, i,e. approx. 1.6 fold, was found after using extra RBC lysis buffer. Conclusions : PCR products for $\beta$-globin were obtained from nearly all of the samples. The regional differences in the PCR amplifications were thought to have originated from the different sample-preparation and homogenization performance. Therefore, the long term-stored buffy coat species at the KMCC can be used for future molecular studies.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

Objective : The present study investigates patterns of consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and over the counter drugs (OTC) in Korean patients with PTSD and psychiatric patient controls and healthy controls from multicenter hospital samples. Method : Data were collected from 18 hospitals nationwide. Patients with PTSD were compared with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders control and healthy control subjects on psychometric measures of consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and OTC drugs. Result : Ninety-three patients with PTSD, 73 patients with psychiatric disorders control, and 88 healthy control subjects were enrolled. There were significant differences in the frequency of alcohol drinking among the three groups ($X^2$=12.93, df=6, p=0.044). Only 3.2% of healthy control subjects drank alcohol more than 4 times a week, but 43.9% of PTSD group and 46.5% of mental disorder controls drank alcohol more than 4 times a week, respectively. Regarding cigarette smoking, there were no differences among the three groups. There were significant differences in uses of OTC drugs among the three groups; 16.7 % in the PTSD group, 14.9% in the psychiatric control group and 1.3% in the heath control group, respectively ($X^2$=11.31, df=2, p=0.004). Conclusion : In this study, patients with PTSD showed significant differences in the frequency of consumption of alcohol and OTC drugs, as compared with healthy controls. However, there were no differences between the PTSD and psychiatric patient control groups. Since all subjects were enrolled from hospital based sample, results may differ in the community samples. Further studies will be needed for the evaluation of substance uses in these groups.