• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aspergillus niger-derived multi-enzyme complex supplementation to feedrestricted lactating sows on performances, milk yield, blood profiles, and manure excretion as compared with ad libitum-fed sows without supplementation of enzyme. Fifty multiparous lactating Berkshire sows were allotted to 5 treatments of 10 sows per treatment during a 28-d lactation period and litter per sow was standardized to 9 suckling piglets. Treatments were ad libitum-fed sows without enzyme and feed-restricted sows supplemented with four increasing levels (0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08%) of multi-enzyme complex derived from Aspergillus niger. Blood samples from all sows were collected to determine serum metabolite concentrations before the morning feeding on d 27 of lactation. Litter body weight and a piglet weight at weaning, and litter weight gain significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex, but there was no significant difference between ad libitum-fed sows without enzyme and feed-restricted sows supplemented with multi-enzyme complex. Body condition score and backfat depth at weaning significantly (P<0.05) increased as multi-enzyme complex level increased. Lactational backfat depth tended (P>0.05) to less decrease with increasing levels of enzyme complex. Serum inorganic phosphorus and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing levels of enzyme complex. Daily milk yield was not significantly different across treatments, but milk fat yield significantly (P<0.05) increased as multi-enzyme complex level increased. Manure output was significantly (P<0.01) higher for ad libitum-fed sows than for feed-restricted sows, but there was no significant difference among feed-restricted sows supplemented with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex. Fecal phosphorus amount significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex. Feed costs of sows per litter weight gain were reduced by 1.25% to 9.67% with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex as compared with ad libitum-fed sows without enzyme. The results indicated that multi-enzyme supplementation to feed-restricted lactating sows not only increased litter performances, but also was comparable to ad libitum-fed sows, resulting in reduced feed costs. Moreover, the reduction of fecal phosphorus amount with increasing levels of enzyme complex would contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.462-470
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• 2005

We propose a multi-rate and multi-BEP transmission scheme using adaptive overlapping pulse-position modulator (OPPM) and optical power controller in optical code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. The proposed system achieves the multi-rate and multi-BEP transmission by accommodating users with different values of OPPM parameter and transmitted power in the same network. The proposed scheme has advantages that the system is not required to change the code length and number of weight depending on the required bit rate of a user and the difference of bit rates does not have so much effect on the bit error probabilities (BEPs). Moreover, the difference of transmitted powers does not cause the change of bit rate. We analyze the BEPs of the four multimedia service classes corresponding to the com­binations of high/low-rates and low/high-BEPs and show that the proposed scheme can easily achieve distinct differentiation of the service classes with the simple system configuration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

To achieve high precision cutting as well as production capability in the machine tool, it is needed to develop excellent rigidity statically, dynamically and thermally as well. In order to predict the qualitative behavior of a machine tool, simultaneous analysis of mechanics and heat transfer is required. Generally, machine tool designers have solved designing problems based on partial estimation of the specified rigidity. This study clears the inter-relationship between therm, and propose multi-phase optimization of machine tool structure using a genetic algorithm. The multi-phase solution method is consists of a series of mechanical design problem. At this first phase of static design problem, multi-objective optimization for the purpose of minimization of the total weight and static compliance minimization is solved using the Pareto Genetic Algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 2008

Error correcting codes (ECCs) are commonly used to protect against the soft errors. Single error correcting and double error detecting (SEC-DED) codes are generally used for this purpose. The proposed approach in this paper selectively reduced power consumption, delay, and area in single-error correcting, double error-detecting checker circuits that perform memory error correction. The multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to solve the non -linear optimization problem. The proposed method allows that user can choose one of different non-dominated solutions depending on which consideration is important among them. Because we use multi-objective genetic algorithm, we can find various dominated solutions. Therefore, we can choose the ECC according to the important factor of the power, delay and area. The method is applied to odd-column weight Hsiao code which is well- known ECC code and experiments were performed to show the performance of the proposed method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.7 s.178
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• pp.1661-1672
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• 2000

An immune system has powerful abilities such as memory, recognition and learning how to respond to invading antigens, and has been applied to many engineering algorithms in recent year. In this pap er, the combined optimization algorithm (Immune- Genetic Algorithm: IGA) is proposed for multi-optimization problems by introducing the capability of the immune system that controls the proliferation of clones to the genetic algorithm. The optimizing ability of the proposed combined algorithm is identified by comparing the result of optimization with simple genetic algorithm for two dimensional multi-peak function which have many local optimums. Also the new combined algorithm is applied to minimize the total weight of the shaft and the transmitted forces at the bearings. The inner diameter oil the shaft and the bearing stiffness are chosen as the design variables. The dynamic characteristics are determined by applying the generalized FEM. The results show that the combined algorithm and reduce both the weight of the shaft and the transmitted forces at the bearing with dynamic conatriants.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

Over the world, social demands and concerns of energy and resource depletions and environmental conservation have resulted in many researches and applications on sustainable development and construction. In order to support these demands and concerns, international green building certification systems such as LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) were developed. In Korea, the green building certification system was introduced in 2000 and widely applied to all types of new buildings in order to induce the diffusion of sustainable buildings on May, 2010. This paper investigates the importance of assessment criteria on multi-unit apartment projects among certification rating systems using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method and suggests a new direction on certification assessment standards. For applying the AHP method, the survey of staffs in green building certification consulting companies and architectural design companies was conducted via e-mail. As a result, criteria like energy, indoor environment, land use, pollution control, and ecological environment among 9 main ones turned out important on assessing green building certification at multi-unit apartment projects, while criteria like water resource, transportation, maintenance management, and material and resource did relatively unimportant.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

In the automobile industry, lamps are frequently used as a mean to emphasize each company's brand identity. Therefore, many detailed design models have emerged in order to realize a differentiated image in preparation for competitive vehicles. Among them, the design of a multi compartment lighting image concept that realizes light divided in multiple space also being introduced by various manufacturers. In this study, in order to solve the problem of cost and weight rise that the existing multi compartment image lamp has, using TRIZ method such as functional analysis modeling and trimming. Through this process, an idea to minimize cost and weight was derived. As the idea was designed in detail, the formation of light did not go as desired, and the diffusion of light also proceeded differently than intended. In order to overcome this problem, a new concept of corrosion and diffusion structure was applied. Eventually, it overcomes various problems and successfully applied it to a real vehicle. The idea was actually reflected in the "Santa Fe" model. Later, the media focused on the lamps to which the idea was applied, and contributed to the sale of a large number of vehicles by providing consumers with a new light sensibility. During the research process, it was possible to secure a number of patents and knowledge of new design concepts.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to propose a procedure that will be able to find the most efficient sets of weight coefficients for the Geum-River basin in Korea. The result obtained from multi-objective optimization model is inherently sensitive to the weight coefficient on each objective. In multi-objective reservoir operation problems, the coefficient setting may be more complicated because of the natural variation of inflow. Therefore, for multi-objective reservoir operation problems, it may be important for modelers to provide reservoir operators with appropriate sets of weight coefficients considering the inflow variation. This study presents a procedure to find an appropriate set of weight coefficients under the situation that has inflow variation. The proposed procedure uses GA-CoMOM to provide a set of weight coefficient sets. A DEA-window analysis and a cross efficiency analysis are then performed in order to evaluate and rank the sets of weight coefficients for various inflow scenarios. This proposed procedure might be able to find the most efficient sets of weight coefficients for the Geum-River basin in Korea.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

This paper proposes a multi-level thresholding method using weighted FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) algorithm in color image. FCM algerian determines a more optimal thresholding value than the existing methods and can extend to multi-level thresholding. But FCM algerian is sensitive to noise because it doesn't include spatial information. To solve the problem, we can remove noise by applying a weight based on entropy that is obtained from neighboring pixels to FCM algerian. And we determine the optimal cluster number by using within-class distance in code image based on the clustered pixels of each color component. In the experiments, we show that the proposed method is more tolerant to noise and is more superior than the existing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.308-311
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• 2004

It is reported that there is a limit in increasing heavy-weight impact noise isolation performance of the load bearing wall system apartments to meet the regulation of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT). To increase the heavy-weight impact noise isolation performance, improvement in structural systems such as increasing concrete slab thickness and application of rahmen structure were proposed. In this study floor impact sound levels from toil apartments with two rahmen structure multi-story residential buildings were measured before the construction of the buildings finished. Measurements were made at living room and two bedrooms at each apartment when the finishing processes were finished. The average value of light-weight impact sound level from ten apartments was 56dB (L'$\sub$n,Aw/). The heavy-weight impact sound level was 44dB (L'$\sub$i.Fmax.Aw/) and the impact sound level of the impact ball was 41dB(L'$\sub$i.Fmax.Aw/), As a result floor impact noises at the rahmen structure system were lower than the regulation level.