• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

Gene disruption by homologous recombination is widely used to investigate and analyze the function of genes in Fusarium fujikuroi, a fungus that causes bakanae disease and root rot symptoms in rice. To generate gene deletion constructs, the use of conventional cloning methods, which rely on restriction enzymes and ligases, has had limited success due to a lack of unique restriction enzyme sites. Although strategies that avoid the use of restriction enzymes have been employed to overcome this issue, these methods require complicated PCR steps or are frequently inefficient. Here, we introduce a cloning system that utilizes multi-fragment assembly by In-Fusion to generate a gene disruption construct. This method utilizes DNA fragment fusion and requires only one PCR step and one reaction for construction. Using this strategy, a gene disruption construct for Fusarium cyclin C1 (FCC1), which is associated with fumonisin B1 bio-synthesis, was successfully created and used for fungal transformation. In vivo and in vitro experiments using confirmed fcc1 mutants suggest that fumonisin production is closely related to disease symptoms exhibited by F. fujikuroi strain B14. Taken together, this multi-fragment assembly method represents a simpler and a more convenient process for targeted gene disruption in fungi.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2002

건설공사의 설계와 시공에서 표준화된 이산형 강재단면을 이용하고 있으나, 대부분의 최적화기법에서는 표준강재단면을 사용하기 위해 별도의 이산화 과정을 가지게 되므로 설계결과의 최적성을 보장할 수 없다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 제안된 알고리즘의 효율성을 높이기 위해 전체구조계와 구조요소계로 나누는 다단계 알고리즘을 적용하였다 수치해석 과정의 효율성과 최적해의 정확성을 예제를 통하여 비교·검토하였다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Multi-attribute risk assessments provide a useful framework for systematic quantitative risk assessment that the security manager can use to prioritize security requirements and threats. In the first step, the security managers identify the four significant outcome attributes(lost revenue, lost productivity, lost customer, and recovery cost). Next. the security manager estimates the frequency and severity(three points estimates for outcome attribute values) for each threat and rank the outcome attributes according to AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). Finally, we generate the threat index by using muiti-attribute function and make sensitivity analysis with simulation package(Crystal Ball). In this paper, we show how multi-attribute risk analysis techniques from the field of security risk management can be used by security managers to prioritize their organization's threats and their security requirements, eventually they can derive threat index. This threat index can help security managers to decide whether their security investment is consistent with the expected risks. In addition, sensitivity analysis allows the security manager to explore the estimates to understand how they affect the selection.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.221.2-221.2
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• 2015

Graphene is very interesting 2 dimensional material providing unique properties. Especially, graphene has been investigated as a stretchable and transparent conductor due to its high mobility, high optical transmittance, and outstanding mechanical properties. On the contrary, high sheet resistance of extremely thin monolayer graphene limits its application. Artificially stacked multilayer graphene is used to decrease its sheet resistance and has shown improved results. However, stacked multilayer graphene requires repetitive and unnecessary transfer processes. Recently, growth of multilayer graphene has been investigated using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method but the layer controlled synthesis of multilayer graphene has shown challenges. In this paper, we demonstrate controlled growth of multilayer graphene using a two-step process with multi heating zone low pressure CVD. The produced graphene samples are characterized by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy is used to distinguish a number of layers in the multilayer graphene. Its optical and electrical properties are also analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and probe station, respectively. Atomic resolution images of graphene layers are observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제5권
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• pp.21-41
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• 1996

Linear programming has become an important tool in decision-making of modern business management. This remarkable growth can be traced to the pioneering efforts of many individuals and research organizations. The popular using of personal computers make it very easy to process those complicated linear programming models. Furthermore advanced linear programming software packages assist us to solve L.P. models without any difficult process. Even though the advanced L.P. professional packages, the needs of more detailed deterministic elements for business decisions have forced us to apply dynamic approaches for more resonable solutions. For the purpose of these problems applying to the "Mathematica" packages which is composed of mathematic tools, the simplex processes show us the flexible and dynamic decision elements included to any other professional linear programming tools. Especially we need proper dynamic variables to analyze the shadow prices step by step. And applying SAS(Statistical Analysis System) packages to the L.P. problems, it is also one of the best way to get good solution. On the way trying to the other L.P. packages which are prepared for Spreadsheets i.e., MS-Excel, Lotus-123, Quatro etc. can be applied to linear programming models. But they are not so much useful for the problems. Calculating simplex tableau is an important method to interpret L.P. format for the optimal solution. In this paper we find out that the more detailed and efficient techniques to interpret useful software of mathematica and SAS for business decision making of linear programming. So it needs to apply more dynamic technique of using of Mathematica and SAS multiple software to get more efficient deterministic factors for the sophiscated L.P. solutions.

• 천문학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2004

We developed an algorithm to identify and determine periods of variable sources. With its robustness and high speed, it is expected to become an useful tool for surveys with large volume of data. This new scheme consists of an initial coarse. process of finding several candidate periods followed by a secondary process of much finer period search. With this multi-step approach, best candidates among statistically possible periods are produced without human supervision and also without any prior assumption on the nature of the variable star in question. We tested our algorithm with 381 stars taken from the ASAS survey and the result is encouraging. In about $76\%$ cases, our results are nearly identical as their published periods. Our algorithm failed to provide convincing periods for only about $10\%$ cases. For the remaining $14\%$, our results significantly differ from their periods. We show that, in many of these cases, our periods are superior and much closer to the true periods. However, the existence of failures, and also periods sometimes worse than manually controlled results, indicates that this algorithm needs further improvement. Nevertheless, the present experiment shows that this is a positive step toward a fully automated period analysis for future variability surveys.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

Web 2.0 시대를 맞아 최근 웹상에는 소셜 미디어 서비스(Social Media Service)가 각광받고 있다. 환경적 변화에 맞춰 사용자의 요구를 충족시키는 소셜 미디어 서비스로써 합주서비스를 제공하고자 한다. 합주서비스는 MMMD(Multi Media Multi Device) 개념으로 음원을 제공하고자 한다. 즉, 합주곡을 하나의 재생장치를 통해 듣는 것이 아니라, 악기 별로 재생장치를 선택해 연주함으로써 오케스트라에서 음악을 감상하는 것 같은 실감을 부여할 수 있다. 목표를 충족시키기 위해서 합주곡을 구성하는 악기 별 음원을 분리하고 연주를 위해 필요한 음원을 추출하고 음원을 각 재생장치로 전달하는 작업을 AET Process로 정의하였다. 음원 간의 동기화를 제어하기 위해서 쉼표를 이용한 동기화 알고리즘을 제안하였다. AET Process와 쉼표를 이용한 동기화 처리 방법을 이용하여 사용자에게 실감 있는 합주 서비스를 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2012

공공사업의 경우 다중 프로젝트, 메가 프로젝트 등 다양한 발주형태로 건설사업이 추진됨에 따라 복합적이고 다원적인 관리가 필요하다. 건설사업관리를 효과적으로 하기 위하여 PMIS가 널리 사용되고 있으나 현재 대다수의 PMIS는 단일프로젝트 중심으로 개발되어있어 전체 사업관리를 위한 시스템 통합과정에서 시스템 간의 호환성 문제가 발생한다. 또한 공공사업 중심으로 사업과정에서 BIM을 적용하도록 한 발주가 증가하였으나, 아직까지 BIM을 활용한 사업관리를 위한 BIM 데이터 연계 PMIS의 개발 및 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PMIS As-Is분석과 To-Be분석을 통해 다중복합 프로젝트 PMIS의 주요 목표기능을 도출하고 Internet-Intranet의 이원화 관리체계를 분석하여 통합사업관리체계를 적용한 PMIS 발전모델과, 상용 BIM Tool과 PMIS를 직접 결합하는 방식이 아닌 BIM 기술의 순차적인 적용방안을 통하여 통합사업관리시스템에 적합한 BIM 기반 PMIS 구축방안을 제시하여, 궁극적으로 BIM 기술의 활성화에 대비한 단계별 PMIS 발전 모델을 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2002

Recently, the minimum line width shows a tendency to decrease and the multi-level increases in semiconductor. Therefore, a planarization technique is needed and chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) is considered as one of the most suitable process. CMP accomplishes a high polishing performance and a global planarization of high quality. However there are several defects in CMF, such as micro-scratches, abrasive contaminations and non-uniformity of polished wafer edges. Wet etching process including spin-etching can eliminate the defects of CMP. It uses abrasive-free chemical solution instead of slurry. On this study, ILD(Interlayer-Dielectric) was removed by CMP and wet etching process using DHF(Diluted HF) in order to investigate the possibility of planrization by wet etching mechanism. In the thin film wafer, the results were evaluated from the viewpoint of material removal rate(MRR) and within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU). And the pattern step heights were also compared for the purpose of planarity characterization of the patterned wafer. Moreover, Chemical polishing process which is the wet etching process with mechanical energy was introduced and evaluated for examining the characteristics of planarization.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 집적 가능한 전력변환기 제작을 위하여 자화 소자가 없는 전력용 직류-직류 변환기를 제안하였다. 자화 소자가 없는 대신, 압전 트랜스듀서의 유도성 임피던스 구간을 사용함으로써 에너지 저장 및 소프트 스위칭을 위한 공진파형을 구현하였다. 압전소자는 권선이 없고 전극을 사용하여 전력을 전달하므로, 반도체 공정을 통한 대량생산이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 압전 트랜스듀서를 적용가능한 승압형 공진형 직류-직류 변환 회로를 제안하고, 동작모드 및 주파수 제어 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 단일 컨버터를 확장한 다중 직렬형 토폴로지를 살펴보고, 동일하게 주파수 제어 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 검증하기 위하여 10W 출력 직류-직류 전력변환기 하드웨어를 제작하였다. 또한 확장형 다중 직렬 컨버터 하드웨어를 제작하여 검증하였다. 단일 컨버터와 동일하게 주파수 제어 특성을 보였으며, 전력변환기로 매우 우수한 효율 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.