• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

This study suggests a navigation route for maritime tourism cruise sail yacht that sails off from Yeosu, and passes by Baekdo and Geomundo with their live island culture, to Kimnyeonghang of the Jeju islands. Recently, there are increasing number of accidents in proportion to vitalizing marine leisure. That's why it should be examined by region and sea when developing safe sea route considering characteristics of the sailing yacht. Thus, it is needed to introduce marine culture, hold international sailing yacht race and develop multi-functional sea port according to the case of Geomundo. Also additional analysis for navigation ruote patterns and density of the fairway is required. This information will improve safe sailing level of sailing yacht that will help the local tourism industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.47-60
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• 1999

In this study, the dynamic route choice behavior of driver is assumed to be affected by the current conditions of traffic environments as well as the Past traffic environments and activities. The repeated survey of multi-timed to owner drove in Chon-ju city by the virtual traffic information system was performed by the stated preference method. And the LISREL(An analysis of linear structural relationship) model was used. As the results. the variable Parameter and t-value of travel time information on applied model was high and their results have an effect greatly to the route choice. After all, the route choice was negative from Kirin-ro, which Penetrates the downtown, and positive from Chunbyun-ro which was a roundabout way was confirmed. Estimated result of the reasonability, the highest suitable model was ode which applied the concept of serial correlation and stated dependence and was shown applying rightfulness to dynamic model. As the serial correlation and stated dependence parameter value, when time interval was large, parameter value was small and the serial correlation and stated dependence was in inverse proportion ratio to the time interval.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2008

To increase the lifetime of ad-hoc networks, a ratio of energy consumption for each node should be kept constant by equally distributing network traffic loads into all of the nodes. In this paper, we propose a modified AODV routing protocol to determine a possible route by considering a remaining battery capacity of a node and the degree of its usage. In addition, to reduce the amount of energy consumption during the path rediscovery process due to the huge amount of the AODV control messages the limited number of possible routes are stored into a routing table of a source node. When some links of a route fail, another possible path can be looked up in the table before the route discovery process should be initiated. We have tested our proposed method with a conventional AODV and a MMBCR method which is one of the power-efficient energy routing protocols based on the three performance metrics, i.e., the total remaining battery capacity, network lifetime and the ratio of data packets received by the destination node to compare their performance.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Traffic volume increases due to diversification of industry. Also, Automobile ownerships also increase steadily. It is estimated that the registered number of vehicle is expected to be 20 milion in the year 2015. These trends may result in increasing the number of woman drivers and elderly drivers. Therefore, this study aims to identify routes that reflect characteristics of each driver's preferences. A survey was conducted on different routes attributes for variances drivers. Driver types were classified by gender, age, and driving career. Accordingly, a weight for road composition attribute such as number of lanes, number of accidents, slope was estimated by using Swing Weighting technique in Multi-Attribute Utility Theory. In addition, a case study was conducted and identified weights were applied to routes. In result, drivers commonly prefer short route when they considered their routes. Also, male drivers prefer speedy and shorter route than that of female drivers. Elderly drivers prefer safe routes that represent low accidents rate. Moreover driving career under a year drivers prefer safe and easy routes. Therefore, we may conclude that the necessity of diversified route information is essential in the future car navigation system.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.31-41
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• 1997

Public concerns about hazardous health effect from the exposure to organic by-products of the chlorination have been increased. There are numerous studies reporting that chlorination of drinking water produces numerous chlorinated organic by-products including THMs, HAAs, HANs. Some of these products are known to be animal carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to estimate health risk of DBPs by chlorinated drinking water ingestion in Seoul based on methodologies that have been developed for conducting risk assessment of complex-chemical-mixture. The drinking water sample was collected seperately at six water treatment plant in Seoul at March, April, 1996. In tap water of households in Seoul, DBPs were measured wilfh the mean value of 36.6 $\mu$g/L. Risk assessment processes,. which include processes for the estimation of human cancer potency using animal bioassay data and calculation of human exposure, entail uncertainties. In the exposure assessment process, exposure scenarios with various assumptions could affect the exposure amount and excess cancer risk. The reference dose of haloacetonitriles was estimated to be 0.0023 mg/kg/day by applying dibromoacetonitrile NOAEL and uncertainty factor to the mean concentration. In the first case, human excess cancer risk was estimated by the US EPA method used to set the MCL (maximum contaminant level). In the second and third case, the risk was estimated for multi-route exposure with and without adopting Monte-Carlo simulation, respectively. In the second case, exposure input parameters and cancer potencies used probability distributions, and in the third case, those values used point estimates (mean, and maximum or 95% upper-bound value). As a result, while the excess cancer risk estimated by US EPA method considering only direct ingestion tended to be underestimated, the risk which was estimated by considering multi-route exposure without Monte-Carlo simulation and then using the maximum or 95% upper-bound value as input parameters tended to be overestimated. In risk assessment for Trihalomethanes, considering multi-route exposure with adopting Monte-Carlo analysis seems to provide the most reasonable estimations.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.1 s.97
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• pp.111-120
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• 2005

A mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes which are free to move around randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily, hence a routing protocol that handles the dynamic network topology changes is required for the network. In this paper we present a multi -Path on-demand routing protocol called R-DSR (Robust Dynamic Source Routing), an extension to the existing IETF protocol DSR. The proposed protocol has it that every pair of 2-hop away nodes on the single route is additionally connected via an alternative node. Throughout mathematical analysis we show the proposed protocol reveals higher message delivery rate than that of the Das's multi-path protocol, currently known as one of the most typical approaches related to DSR.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

As the biodegradation of wood constituents has been understood as a multi-basidiomycetes and enzymatic processes, this review will focus on the roles of low molecular compounds and radicals working in harmony with fungal enzymes. Wood rotting basidiomycete fungi penetrate wood, and lead to more easily metabolize carbohydrates of the wood complex. The white-rot fungi, having versatile enzymes, are able to attack directly the "lignin barrier". They also use a multi-enzyme system including so-called "feedback" type enzymes allowing for simultaneous degradation of lignin and carbohydrates. The multi-enzymes including laccase support the proposed route by explaining how the high molecular weight enzymes can function in the wood complex. These enzymes may function separately or cooperate each other. In addition, veratryl alcohol oxidase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, arylalcohol dehydrogenase, and particularly low molecular mediators and radicals have an important role in wood biodegradation. However, the possibility of other mechanism as well as other enzymes, as operating as feedback systems in the process of wood degradation, could not be excluded.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.281-282
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• 1995

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.75-91
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the multi-level marketing(MLM) on consumer by examing the degree of damage and the consumers's satisfaction with MLM as well as the overall realities of MLM including the degree of the recognition and the distribution route of the commodities. We analyzed 256 cases which had experienced with MLM among 430 questionnaires collected. The resulted are as follows. 1) Consumers showed a lack of knowledge about MLM regardless of experiencing it. And they were recognized positively with the quality and the availability of the commodities. Expendables such as kitchen utensils and cosmetics were the most favored articles. 2) Transactions with no written contract were the most frequent damage to the consumers, followed by no price-tag and the marketer's refusal of exchange or refund. 3) When we compared the degree of consumer's satisfaction with MLM to the ordinary distribution in terms of the price, quality of goods and the service offered, the consumers were satisfied with the quality of the commodities, though their whole impressin of MLM was not so much favorable.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 1994

Many vehicle fleet planning systems have been suggested to minimize the routing distances of vehicles or reduce the transportation cost. But the more considerations the method takes, the higher complexites are involved in a large number of practical situations. The purpose of this paper is to vehicle fleet planning system. This paper is considered multi-objective optimization. The vehicle fleet planning system developed by this study involves such complicated and restricted conditions as one depot, multiple nodes (demand points), multiple vehicle types, multipel order items, and other many restrictions for operating vehicles. The proposed algorithm is compared with the nearest neighbor heuristic (NNH) and the savings heuristic (SAH) algorithm in terms of total logistics cost and driving time. This method constructs a route with a minimum number of vehicles for a given demand. This method can be used to any companys which vehicle fleet planning system under circumstances considered in this paper.