• 교육시설
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2006

We have analysed the use and organization of space in the Centres des Documentations et de Informations(CDI) in lycees in France with the equivalent information centres. The majority of CDI are located in close proximity to the Academic staff and provide easy student access. The CDI provide not only books but also reviews, magazines and CD-Rom. This information is very important to pupils both in the pursuit of their higher studies and also with their future professional life as there is also careers information available to be discussed regularly with the careers advisor. The function of the CDI is not only to provide information. As part of the curriculum there are classes on how to access the information available in the CDI as well as Seminars and Audio-Visual courses. This management makes it possible for the CDI to operate, not only as a school library but also as a multi-function centre of documentation and information; a variety of spaces are also available: a room for private/small group study. A computer room (as well as a research corner), a reading room, monthly review room, photocopy room, rest room, exhibition room, careers information room, audio visual room etc. The results of this study can be used as essential information during the space planning of Korean school libraries in the future.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.481-489
• /
• 2017

본 연구 대상지 천안천은 도심지 내 주거 밀집지역과 다중이용시설에 근접하여 도심지를 관류하는 도시하천이다. 2006년부터 2015년까지 진행된 자연형 하천 정화사업은 하천기능 제고와 자연생태계 복원 및 친수공간을 확보하여 지역주민 삶의 질 향상을 도모하였다. 조성된 수변공간 내 자전거도로는 산책로 중심으로 사업이 시행되어 부족한 자전거도로 기능을 관련 법규에 알맞은 개선점을 제시하고자 한다. 활용실태 및 시민의식조사에서는 경사로, 하천 횡단시설, 계단시설, 안전시설, 표지판 및 노면표시, 주차시설 등의 문제점이 도출되었다. 그 개선점으로 경사로 12% 이하 개선과 징검다리로 단절된 구간 7개소에 잠수교 설치를 제시하였고, 자전거도로 관련 법규에 따른 표지판 노면표시 설치와 대중교통 환승에 필요한 천안역과 천안 버스터미널의 자전거 주차시설 확충 등을 제안하였다. 천안천 수변공간 내 자전거도로는 자전거 이용시설과 업무 조직의 제도적인 확충과 도시하천 자전거도로 관련 법규에 따른 시설개선으로 접근성과 단거리 이동의 이용률을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 생활교통 공간의 발전은 도심 교통난 해소와 자전거 교통 활성화에 기인하여 시민의 편익 증대가 기대된다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2013

For the matter of elevator, one of the multi-use facilities for unspecified public, the JIS has re-established and reformed to apply to the environment in South Korea for the past 20 years. In the aspect of safety assurance, it was inevitable to suggest improved measures. The government, Ministry of Public Administration and Security has secured the safety by enhancing the safety management functions in the elevator inspection standards and expanding its safety device measures. Further, the international inspection standard has been introduced, which is about unifying inspection standard system into the international standard code. In March 14th 2012, the international standard (EN) has been amended and fully announced. Escalator and passenger conveyor among lift devices have several common danger factor that cause safety accident. First, the accident caused by decreased braking power of brake. Second, the accident caused by the rate difference between handrail and tread-board. Third, the accident caused by defects of contraflow preventing device or carelessness inspection. Fourth, the accident caused by wet tread-board or wet floor of platform which makes passenger slip and fall. As the improvements to prevent and reduce these negligent accidents, the inspection list to check and methods should be subdivided and applied for each accident likelihood cause for safety management enhancement and safety assurance of existing escalator and passenger conveyors. The escalators and passenger conveyors without safety devices in existence should be obliged to modify the part of the system or install additional safety device. With making these measures obligations, it requires to improve the system to be suitable for the international inspection standard and to have measures to prevent safety accidents. It also needs to arrange improvements for skid accident of tread-board by the external environment factors such as snow and rain.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.37-58
• /
• 2001

This study placed its objectives in suggesting the basic data for setting up an approach to protect the educational environment, by analyzing the relevance between the misconducts of adolescence and the harmful environment around the school, as an object of study, middle school students and high school students all over the country. Thus, this study carried out the questionnaire survey, by the multi-stage of stratified sampling in 2,114 middle school and high school students from June 29, 2000 through July 29, 2000. And the results of analysis were as follows: 1. In case of the ratio of students using harmful environment, the electronic game room had the highest ratio (78.3％); next, the PC room (75.6％), the singing room (71.6％), and the cartoon room (34.3％). 2. In terms of the experiences of using the harmful environment according to the personal characteristics, high school students used it in a higher ratio, compared with middle school students (p〈0.001); the students, whose father graduated from a high school, comparatively used it much more(p〈0.05). Also, when a school is located near to amusement quarters or shopping centers, students used the harmful environment most highly (p〈0.001). And the differences were found to be statistically significant. 3. In case of the perceived susceptibility factors, the harmful environment was found to be used in lower ratio, by the students who answered “very so” to the question item, The more harmful environment facilities are positioned around school, the more student have the opportunities to use them. (p〈0.001). That is, the findings showed that the higher students' degree of perceived susceptibility factors was the less students used harmful environment facilities. The differences were statistically significant. In terms of the ratio of using harmful environment according to perceived seriousness factors, it was founded out that the students, who answered, “If I use any harmful environment facilities, it will be very harmful to myself.”. had the less opportunities of having used them, compared with the students who did not answer so (p〈0.001). This indicated that the higher the degrees perceived seriousness of students, the less they used harmful environment facilities. And the differences were statistically significant. In the side of the ratio of using harmful environment according to the perceived barriers, it was found out that there were any special large differences. That is, perceived barriers had nothing to do with students' using harmful environment. 4. As the result of having analyzed the factors influencing the behaviors of using harmful environment, the factor to explain the behaviors of using harmful environment was found to be the degree of perceived seriousness, among individual perceiving factors; next, the location of a school - one of personal characteristics, the degree of perceived susceptibility and ages, m sequence. 5. Among students' misconduct experiences, drinking was highest (21.6％), next, smoking (11.9％), drug abuse (4.3％), and sexual relations (1.6％), In sequence. Among other problematic behaviors, excessive waste was highest (14.6％); next, disobedience and lie (10.7％), night wandering (7.8％), and bad dressing and making-up (5.5％), in sequence. 6. In terms of the misconducts according to the behaviors of using harmful environment, compared with the students who did not commit any misconducts, harmful environment facilities were used more highly, by each group of students who experienced drinking (p〈0.00l), smoking (p〈0.001), sexual relations (p〈0.05), excessive waste (p〈0.001), disobedience ＆ lie (p〈0.001), and bad dressing ＆ making-up (p〈0.05). And the differences were statistically significant.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.206-221
• /
• 2012

Hazardous chemicals can be released from artificial turf used in some school playgrounds. To distinguish between Health risk assessment (HRA) exposure scenarios for this study, the ratio of elementary, middle and high schools was considered before final selection. Considering exposure pathways (inhalational, oral and dermal), media and materials were examined, targeting hazardous chemicals released from artificial turf playground-related products. Upon evaluation, the quantity of infill chips was shown to exceed the domestic product content standard (90 mg/kg) at eight (16%) out of 50 schools. PAHs were shown to exceed standards (10 mg/kg) at two (4%) out of the 50 schools. The excess cancer risk (ECR) of carcinogens was shown to be $1{\times}10^{-6}$ in most users for the worst exposure scenario. In children with pica, who represented the most extreme exposure group, the ECR was expected to be as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$, showing the low risk level of carcinogens. The hazard index (HI) for individual chemicals was shown to be low, at around 0.1 or less, except for children with pica, according to the mean exposure scenario of artificial turf playground exposure. However, the HI was shown to exceed 1.0 in children with pica. Therefore, no direct health risk was found in using artificial turf playgrounds and urethane flooring tracks for the mean exposure scenario, except in children with pica.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제17권3_4호
• /
• pp.527-537
• /
• 2004

Consequence-Based Engineering (CBE) is a new paradigm proposed by the Mid-America Earthquake Center (MAE) to guide evaluation and rehabilitation of building structures and networks in areas of low probability - high consequence earthquakes such as the central region of the U.S. The principal objective of CBE is to minimize consequences by prescribing appropriate intervention procedures for a broad range of structures and systems, in consultation with key decision makers. One possible intervention option for rehabilitating unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, widely used for essential facilities in Mid-America, is passive energy dissipation (PED). After the CBE process is described, its application in the rehabilitation of vulnerable URM building construction in Mid-America is illustrated through the use of PED devices attached to flexible timber floor diaphragms. It is shown that PED's can be applied to URM buildings in situations where floor diaphragm flexibility can be controlled to reduce both out-of-plane and in-plane wall responses and damage. Reductions as high as 48% in roof displacement and acceleration can be achieved as demonstrated in studies reported below.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.461-480
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 공공도서관 공간에 대한 청소년의 인식, 이용 및 요구 사항을 알아보고 향후 공공도서관의 효율적인 청소년자료실 공간구성 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 청소년자료실이 별도로 설치된 공공도서관 두 곳을 선정하여 중 고등학생 이용자 126명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과 전체 응답자의 86.5%가 청소년자료실을 이용하며, 주요 이용목적은 여가독서, 개인학습, 정보이용인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 설문 응답자의 64.8%는 청소년자료실 별도 설치를 중요 이유로 대답하였다. 청소년자료실에서 가장 개선해야 할 점으로 열람석 확대, 정보활용기기 이용 공간 부족, 휴게 공간 부족, 그룹학습 및 모임 공간 확대 등이 나타났다. 이를 통해 청소년 요구를 반영한 공간구성 정책 마련, 물리적 시설 및 청소년서비스가 균형을 이룬 도서관 환경 조성, 열람석 확충을 위한 자료실 개방시간 연장, 다른 공간의 유연성 있는 열람 공간 활용 등의 공공도서관의 공간 활용 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.268-279
• /
• 2023

The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh produces a diverse range of antibiotics for human and animal use, however, waste disposal management is inadequate. This results in substantial quantities of antibiotics being discharged into water bodies, which provide suitable environment for the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, capable of spreading resistance genes. This study intended for exploring the bacterial antibiotic resistance profile in adjoining aquatic environmental sources of pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Bangladesh. Seven surface water samples were collected from the vicinity of two pharmaceutical industries located in the Savar area and 51 Escherichia coli isolates were identified using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed the highest percentage of resistance against ampicillin, azithromycin, and nalidixic acid (100%) and the lowest resistance against meropenem (1.96%) out of sixteen different antibiotics tested. 100% of the study E. coli isolates were observed with Multidrug resistance phenotypes, with the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) value ranging from 0.6-1.0. Furthermore, 69% of the isolates were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) positive as per the Double Disk Diffusion Synergy Test (DDST). ESBL resistance genes bla_TEM, bla_CTX-M-13, bla_CTX-M-15, and bla_SHV were detected in 70.6% (n = 36), 60.8% (n = 32), 54.9% (n = 28), and 1.96% (n = 1) of the isolates, respectively, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Additionally, 15.68% (n = 8) of the isolates were positive for E. coli specific virulence genes in PCR. These findings suggest that pharmaceutical wastewater, if not properly treated, could be a formidable source of antibiotic resistance spread in the surrounding aquatic environment. Therefore, continued surveillance for drug resistance among bacterial populations around drug manufacturing facilities in Bangladesh is necessary, along with proper waste disposal management.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2014

Korean traditional house has inherented construction characteristics that contain human requirements with the adaptation to nature's order. As for traditional buildings, there are a lot of facilities like palaces, Buddhist temples, Confucianism architectures, government facilities, etc. Among them, housing construction is not only closely connected to our lives, but also plays an important role to connect our lives from the past to present. The master room in a traditional korean house is responsible for playing a center role of the residential life which implies the traditional values responsible for multi-functions and it is also the sphere of the living space. Therefore, this thesis considers the residential environmental adjustment method and the behaviors centered around the main buildings of Jeonnam Province. And also investigates the main reason for windows and doors formation. From this, we would like to further evaluate the master room life, and the inner space constructions following the spacial and organizational analysis of windows and doors. We would like to analyze the space organization methods, environmental adjustment methods and the usages of traditional buildings. Using the modern interpretation as basis, we would like to use the foundation materials to reflect single family housing plans.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2018

UNESCO has continued to work in Africa, especially in the six southern sub-Saharan countries, and Asia, where international cooperation is needed. The CLC (Rwanda Community Learning Center) covered in this study aims to create a regional learning center in Rwanda and to recover local communities and provide learning environment. During the course of this study, we conducted field trips for actual planning and reviewed the current state of educational and cultural facilities that recently opened and are operated, and found implications. In consultation with the Rwandan Educational Commission, the site for CLC was decided, the building was designed, and the construction is about to start. The results of this study are as follows. First, in addition to the efforts of the activists in the village, which can be considered the smallest unit of a local community, the approach for establishing an architectural space and active education and community environment can be evaluated as a result of experimental efforts. Second, we can pay attention to the attempts to realize local communities. The bridge business is based on the multi-purposes such as early childhood education, technical education for adults, and community restoration of local residents and it reflects space and program plans for this purposes. It also reflects detailed plans such as differentiating the flow planning depending on users' time of use. Third, we can explain the characteristics of architectural planning considering local characteristics such as active use of local materials. Due to the characteristics of a developing country, there were significant considerations on maintenance, and to this end, the plan included plans for the environment and use of materials that are easily maintained. In addition, the participation of local residents in the process of establishment was suggested as a possibility to serve an educational role.