• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

This study aims to uncover the gamers' cognitive process during the gameplay and explore the differences between groups in the gamers' playing behavior according to their expertise: experts, intermediate players, and novices. To this end, the empirical experiment was conducted in 'World of Warcraft' game which is a good representative of MMO(Massively Multi-player Online) game currently. Verbal protocol and action protocol collected from the empirical experiment were analyzed according to the gamers' expertise. As a result of this study, we found that the different behavior patterns result from standardizing pattern of their actions for experts and forming the learning curves and the specific patterns of action for intermediate game players and novices. While three functional-actions as a collection action concentrates on the early stage of the game for experts, the novices' behavior pattern dispersedly appeared in all seven functional-action, such as search, combat, three type collections, avoid, and communication in the whole gameplay. This study represents the consistency and the difference derived from the comparison analysis between groups according to the expertise. This study is concluded with key implications to support game design guidelines according to experts, intermediate players, and novices. Consequently, the result of this study provides the basic to the development of MMO content for game novices.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.25-41
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to develop an analytic framework to code systematically the gamer's behaviour in MMO(Massively Multi-player Online) gameplay experience, to explore their gameplay as a problem solving procedure empirically. Previous studies about model human processor, content based protocol, and procedure based protocol are reviewed in order to build the outline of the analytic framework related to MMO gameplay. The specific gameplay actions and contents were derived by using concurrent protocol analysis method through the empirical experiment executed in MMORPG gameplay. Consequently, gameplay are divided into six actions : kinematics, perception, function, representation, simulation, and rule (heuristics, following, and transcedence). The analytic framework suitable for MMO gameplay was built. As a result of this study, we found three rule spaces in the problem solving domain of gameplay that are an heuristics, a following of the rule, and a transcendence of the rule. 'Heuristics' denotes the rule action that discovers the rule of game through trial-and-error. 'Following' indicates the rule action that follows the rule of game embedded in game by game designers. 'Transcendence' presents the rule action that transcends that. The new discovered rule spaces where 'Following' and 'Transcendence' actions occur and the gameplay pattern in them is provided with the key basis to determine the level design elements of MMO game, such as terrain feature, monster attribute, item, and skill et cetera. Therefore, this study is concludes with key implications to support game design to improve the quality of MMO game product.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2012

At MMORPGs that has the numerous game users with many interactions at the same virtual world, massive loading that results in delays, resource shortages, and other such problems occur. To solve this, many developers devote research to load-balancing servers, yet due to steady and dynamic map divisions, such research is unreliable. This paper proposes a game user-oriented load balancing scheme for the load balancing of MMORPG servers. This scheme shows effectiveness at dealing with hot-spots and other gatherings of game users at specific servers compared to previous methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2013

This study presents an approach for designing a vehicle rollover prevention controller using differential game theory and multi-level programming. The rollover prevention problem can be modeled as a non-cooperative zero-sum two-player differential game. A controller as an equilibrium solution of the differential game guarantees the worst-case performance against every possible steering input. To obtain an equilibrium solution to the differential game with a small amount of computational effort, a multi-level programming approach with a relaxation procedure is used. To cope with the loss of maneuverability caused by the active suspension, an electronic stability program (ESP) is adopted. Through simulations, the proposed method is shown to be effective in obtaining an equilibrium solution of the differential game.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.585-595
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• 2020

Integration of multiple communication technologies in a smart grid (SG) enables employing cognitive radio (CR) technology for improving reliability and security with low latency by adaptively and effectively allocating spectral resources. The versatile features of the CR enable the smart meter to select either the unlicensed or the licensed band for transmitting data to the utility company, thus reducing communication outage. Demand response management is regarded as the control unit of the SG that balances the load by regulating the real-time price that benefits both the utility company and consumers. In this study, joint allocation of the transmission power to the smart meter and consumer's demand is formulated as a two stage multi-armed bandit game in which the players select their optimal strategies noncooperatively without having any prior information about the media. Furthermore, based on historical rewards of the player, a real-time pricing adaptation method is proposed. The latter is validated through numerical results.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

In the online game that thousands of participants connect to a game world by using Internet simultaneously, participants of the game world may have different hardwares and network environments, and messages of participants should be synchronization. A solution for the synchronization problem is to wait for a certain amount of time until the server processes the message. It is not easy to determine a suitable waiting period because of the trade-off between the fairness and the responsiveness. In this paper we propose a method to decide a waiting period by considering features of the MMOFPS game and the probability of interaction among participants. We implement the proposed method and perform experiments for the performance evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.325-328
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• 2005

기존의 다사용자 온라인 게임에서 구현되어 있는 MOB(Mobile Character)들은 '대기' 와 '공격' 의 2 가지 상태를 가지며 사용자의 '공격' 이라는 이벤트에만 반응하도록 설계되어 있는 수동적인 에이전트들이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 '대기' 와 '공격' 상태에 '회피' 상태를 추가하고 3 가지 각각의 행동 전이에 따른 행동 패턴을 행동 특성 곡선으로 표현하며 '공격' 과 '접근' 자극을 스트레스 모형에 적용하여 스트레스에 따른 MOB 에이전트의 행동 패턴 변화를 설명하고 주변의 다른 에이전트들과의 협동을 도모할 수 있는 지능적인 NPC 에이전트를 설계한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.752-759
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• 2008

The latest convergence of broadcasting and communication makes the boundary between medias be ambiguous. It pursues the new type of culture that the unspecified many participants seek the satisfaction for the same target in an realtime environment. ARG(Alternative Reality Game) is a new alternate real game created by media convergence and it processes the more realistic interactivity between users through ARS, SMS, BLOG, Cafe and Messages. This paper analyzes the implementation, design, and construction schemes of ARG in the side of the human thinking and media. We also propose the evolution and role of the broadcasting by combining broadcasting for the activation of ARG.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2005

컴퓨터 게임 중 MMORPG(Massively Multi-player Online Role Playing Game)는 다른 장르(Genre)의 게임들과 비교하여 상대적으로 개발 기간이 매우 길고, 게임을 구성하는 콘텐츠(contents)도 매우 방대하다. 그러나, MMORPG 를 처음 접하는 플레이어(Player)는 대부분의 경우, 단지 몇 시간 정도의 게임을 해본 후에 게임을 계속할지를 결정한다. 따라서, 플레이어가 게임을 지속적으로 즐기도록 하기 위해서 MMORPG 의 초기에 어떤 콘텐츠를 어떻게 제공할 것인지에 대한 설계는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 현재 성공적으로 평가되는 MMORPG 들의 초기콘텐츠를 분석하고 이 분석을 기반으로 효과적인 초기콘텐츠 구성에 대해 기술한다. 이러한 연구는 개발되는 MMORPG 에서 초기 콘텐츠를 어떻게 효과적으로 구성할지에 대한 대안을 제시한다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

Level design of online FPS games has not been researched enough for its active development and service. For the most part, FPS design patterns only have been classified based on PVE level design. However, it is necessary to look at it in light of PVP level design in the online FPS multi-player games. Therefore, we analyzed one of the most preferred team-death match levels in 'Point Blank'. This research holds its significance in suggesting the new PVP level design patterns compared to PVE level design patterns after conducting in-depth interviews on three FPS developers.