• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2016

Currently, logistics are in small quantities and in diverse forms, and the amounts are continuously increasing. Railway logistics however are losing their market share every year mainly due to low operation speed and loading time, which means the trucks are covering the most of the freights. In order to solve these situations, this paper proposed the high speed freight train as working multi-modality with other modes to make effective transshipment. The high speed freight train has maximum operation speed of 300km/h and electric power to run centralized power supply. There are large dual door system, bogie system covering fluctuating load of 15[ton], automatic loading device, ULD(unit load device) bed and ULD locking system in this freight rolling stock. We calculated the performance of powering and braking capacity for this train and proposed how many vehicles are composed of train set. The results in this paper can help to make a decision to define the technical specification of High-speed freight train for the efficiency of rail freight service.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.327-342
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• 2006

Radiation therapy is an important part of cancer treatment in which cancer patients are treated using high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons, and neutrons. Currently, about half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment during their whole cancer care process. The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver the necessary radiation dose to cancer cells while minimizing dose to surrounding normal tissues. Success of radiation therapy highly relies on how accurately 1) identifies the target and 2) aim radiation beam to the target. Both tasks are strongly dependent of imaging technology and many imaging modalities have been applied for radiation therapy such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonant Image), and PET (Positron Emission Tomogaphy). Recently, many researchers have given significant amount of effort to develop and improve imaging techniques for radiation therapy to enhance the overall quality of patient care. For example, advances in medical imaging technology have initiated the development of the state of the art radiation therapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), gated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Capability of determining the local tumor volume and location of the tumor has been significantly improved by applying single or multi-modality imaging fur static or dynamic target. The use of multi-modality imaging provides a more reliable tumor volume, eventually leading to a better definitive local control. Image registration technique is essential to fuse two different image modalities and has been In significant improvement. Imaging equipments and their common applications that are in active use and/or under development in radiation therapy are reviewed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2004

Small animal models are extensively utilized in the study of biomedical sciences. Current animal experiments and analysis are largely restricted to in vitro measurements and need to sacrifice animals to perform tissue or molecular analysis. This prevents researchers from observing in vivo the natural evolution of the process under study. Imaging techniques can provide repeatedly in vivo anatomic and molecular information noninvasively. Small animal imaging systems have been developed to assess biological process in experimental animals and increasingly employed in the field of molecular imaging studies. This review outlines the current developments in nuclear medicine imaging instrumentations including fused multi-modality imaging systems for small animal imaging.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.576-579
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• 2008

Electrical impedance(EIT) for the multi-phase flow visualization is an imaging modality in which the resistivity distribution of the unknown object is estimated based on the known sets of injected currents and measured voltages on the surface of the object. In this paper, an EIT reconstruction algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF) is proposed. The EIT reconstruction problem is formulated as a dynamic model which is composed of the state equation and the observation equation, and the unknown resistivity distribution is estimated recursively with the aid of the EKF. To verify the reconstruction performance of the proposed algorithm, experiments with simulated multi-phase flow are performed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.749-754
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• 2016

Extended follow-up of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors indicates that these patients are at high risk of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This study examined the characteristics of HL survivors who developed SMNs with the aim to report any correlation with radiotherapy (RT) dose. In this retrospective multi-center cohort study of HL patients treated between 1990 and 2011 at three major teaching hospitals in Lebanon, classification was into two groups including those treated with combined modality (RT and chemotherapy-CHT) and those treated with CHT alone. Approval from the University Institutional Review Board (IRB) was obtained. Of the 112 patients evaluated, 52.7% (59) received the combined modality while 47.3% (53) received CHT alone. There were 6 cases of SMNs in the combined modality cohort and 5 cases in the CHT cohort. The mean RT dose in the combined modality cohort was 34.5 Gray (Gy) ($SD{\pm}5.3$). A statistically significant increase (1.5 fold) in the risk of developing SMNs was observed among patients who received a dose higher than 41 Gy compared to a dose between 20 to 30 Gy (OR= 1.5; 95% confidence interval= 0.674 to 3.339, p=0.012). The risk of SMNs was not significantly higher among patients who received extended field compared to involved field RT (p=0.964). This study showed that the risk of developing SMNs is higher among patients treated with RT dose greater than 31 Gy, independent of the RT type used.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.540-546
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• 2008

In the near future, robots should be able to understand human's emotional states and exhibit appropriate behaviors accordingly. In Human-Human Interaction, the 93% consist of the speaker's nonverbal communicative behavior. Bodily movements provide information of the quantity of emotion. Latest personal robots can interact with human using multi-modality such as facial expression, gesture, LED, sound, sensors and so on. However, a posture needs a position and an orientation only and in facial expression or gesture, movements are involved. Verbal, vocal, musical, color expressions need time information. Because synchronization among multi-modalities is a key problem, emotion expression needs a systematic approach. On the other hand, at low intensity of surprise, the face could be expressed but the gesture could not be expressed because a gesture is not linear. It is need to decide the emotional boundaries for effective robot behavior generation and synchronization with another expressible method. If it is so, how can we define emotional boundaries? And how can multi-modality be synchronized each other?

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.619-624
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• 2014

This paper introduces a robot-based learning system which is designed to teach multiplication to children. In addition to a small humanoid and a smart device delivering educational content, we employ a type of mixed-initiative operation which provides enhanced multi-modal cognition to the r-learning system through human intervention. To investigate major factors that influence people's intention to use the r-learning system and to see how the multi-modality affects the connections, we performed a user study based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). The results support the fact that the quality of the system and the natural interaction are key factors for the r-learning system to be used, and they also reveal very interesting implications related to the human behaviors.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2024

Grouting sleeves are an essential connecting component of prefabricated components, and the quality of grouting has a significant influence on structural integrity and seismic performance. The embedded grouting sleeve (EGS)'s grouting defects are highly undetectable and random, and no effective monitoring method exists. This paper proposes an ultrasonic guided wave method and provides a set of guidelines for selecting the optimal frequency and suitable period for the EGS. The optimal frequency was determined by considering the group velocity, wave structure, and wave attenuation of the selected mode. Guided waves are prone to multi-modality, modal conversion, energy leakage, and dispersion in the EGS, which is a multi-layer structure. Therefore, a time-reversal (TR)-based multi-mode focusing and dispersion automatic compensation technology is introduced to eliminate the multi-mode phase difference in the EGS. First, the influence of defects on guided waves is analyzed according to the TR coefficient. Second, two major types of damage indicators, namely, the time domain and the wavelet packet energy, are constructed according to the influence method. The constructed wavelet packet energy indicator is more sensitive to the changes of defecting than the conventional time-domain similarity indicator. Both numerical and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and beneficial for the detection and quantitative estimation of the grouting defects of the EGS.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.224-238
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• 2004

Multi-modality image registration is a widely used image processing technique to obtain composite information from two different kinds of image sources. This study proposes an image registration method based on moment information and surface distance, which improves the previous surface-based registration method. The proposed method ensures stable registration results with low registration error without being subject to the initial position and direction of the object. In the preprocessing step, the surface points of the object are extracted, and then moment information is computed based on the surface points. Moment information is matched prior to fine registration based on the surface distance, in order to ensure stable registration results even when the initial positions and directions of the objects are very different. Moreover, surface comer sampling algorithm has been used in extracting representative surface points of the image to overcome the limits of the existed random sampling or systematic sampling methods. The proposed method has been applied to brain MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and PET(Positron Emission Tomography), and its accuracy and stability were verified through registration error ratio and visual inspection of the 2D/3D registration result images.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3844-3853
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• 2023

Although radiation and chemotherapy methods for cancer therapy have advanced significantly, surgical resection is still recommended for most cancers. Therefore, intraoperative imaging studies have emerged as a surgical tool for identifying tumor margins. Intraoperative imaging has been examined using conventional imaging devices, such as optical near-infrared probes, gamma probes, and ultrasound devices. However, each modality has its limitations, such as depth penetration and spatial resolution. To overcome these limitations, hybrid imaging modalities and tracer studies are being developed. In a previous study, a multi-modal laparoscope with silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM)-based gamma detection acquired a 1 s interval gamma image. However, improvements in the near-infrared fluorophore (NIRF) signal intensity and gamma image central defects are needed to further evaluate the usefulness of multi-modal systems. In this study, an attempt was made to change the NIRF image acquisition method and the SiPM-based gamma detector to improve the source detection ability and reduce the image acquisition time. The performance of the multi-modal system using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor and modified SiPM gamma detector was evaluated in a phantom test. In future studies, a multi-modal system will be further optimized for pilot preclinical studies.