• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2005

We report the case of a girl with peritoneal tuberculosis (Tb) who presented with mimicking features of ovarian cancer including massive ascites, elevation of CA-125 and ovarian masses. These ovarian masses cannot be ruled out malingnacy with image study. Gram stain, acid-fast stain, bacteriological and mycological culture of centrifuged ascites cells were negative. Tumor markers revealed an elevated CA-125 level of 112 U/mL and adenosine deaminase level were significantly high with 118 U/L. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done. The histology of the peritoneum and the ovary showed multiple granulomatous nodules with epithelioid cells and multi-nucleated giant cells. And there were no evidence of malignancy. Furthermore acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was identified in this specimen. Peritoneal Tb was difficult to diagnosis in our patient because it mimicked ovarian cancer. And this is the first case of abdominal Tb mimicking ovarian cancer in children in Korea.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.219-265
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• 2018

Recently, interest in energy tranisition is rising. Energy transition requires active participation and cooperation of diverse stakeholders, including users / citizens, in that it requires not only changes in technological factors but also changes and coordination of various social factors. Living labs are attracting attention as one of the ways to do this. This article is a detailed analysis of the activities of the mini-PV living lab in the urban area from 2016 to 2017 at the Seoul, Sung Dae Goal. Through the Living Lab, mini PV DIY products, backup centers, local financial services, and the development of a variety of education and training strategies have been achieved. These activities and achievements were analyzed through questions raised on strategic, tactical, and operational levels, as well as through multi-level perspective and interaction between initiative, regime, and niche. In conclusion, this living lab activity confirmed the possibility of a 'transition lap' to solve social problems such as sustainability of energy production and utilization. In particular, it gained remarkable results in terms of the operational leves of transition management governance, that is, transition experiment, and it was also remarkable in that it was the initiative of citizens. However, it did not proceed without difficulty. In particular, structural problems such as the conflict between the flexibility inherent in living lab and the bureaucratic rigidity of the financial support organization have appeared. There was also a limitation that there was no 'transition field' on the strategic level necessary to replicate and expand strategic niches while spreading the knowledge gained from the transition experiment, forming the vision of transition.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.32.1-32.1
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• 2017

To dynamically and chemically understand how filaments, dense cores, and stars form under different environments, we are conducting a systematic mapping survey of nearby molecular clouds using the TRAO 14 m telescope with high ($N_2H^+$ 1-0, $HCO^+$ 1-0, SO 32-21, and $NH_2D$ v=1-0) and low ($^{13}CO$ 1-0, $C^{18}O$ 1-0) density tracers. The goals of this survey are to obtain the velocity distribution of low dense filaments and their dense cores for the study of their origin of the formation, to understand whether the dense cores form from any radial accretion or inward motions toward dense cores from their surrounding filaments, and to study the chemical differentiation of the filaments and the dense cores. Until Feb. 2017, the real OTF observation time is 460 hours. We have almost completed mapping observation with four molecular lines ($^{13}CO$ 1-0, $C^{18}O$ 1-0, $N_2H^+$ 1-0, and $HCO^+$ 1-0) on the five regions of molecular clouds (L1251 of Cepheus, Perseus west, Polaris south, BISTRO region of Serpense, California, and Orion B). The maps of a total area of $7.38deg^2$ for both $^{13}CO$ and $C^{18}O$ lines and $2.19deg^2$ for both $N_2H^+$ and $HCO^+$ lines were obtained. All OTF data were regridded to a cell size of 22 by 22 arcseconds. The $^{13}CO$ and $C^{18}O$ data show the RMS noise level of about 0.22 K and $N_2H^+$ and $HCO^+$ data show about 0.14 K at the velocity resolution of 0.06 km/s. Additional observations will be made on some regions that have not reached the noise level for analysis. We are refining the process for a massive amount of data and the data reduction and analysis are underway. This presentation introduces the overall progress from observations to data processing and the initial analysis results to date.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.12
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

In this paper, some of main processes for the next generation integrated circuits, such as Cu damascene process using CMP, electron beam lithography, $SiO_2$ CVD and RIE, Ti/Cu-CVD were carried cut and then, two level Cu interconnects were accomplished. In the results of CMP unit processes, a 4,635 ${\AA}$/min of removal rate, a selectivity of Cu : $SiO_2$ of 150:1, a uniformity of 4.0% are obtained under process conditions of a head pressure of 4 PSI, table and head speed of 25rpm, a oscillation distance of 40 mm, and a slurry flow rate of 40 ml/min. Also 0.18 ${\mu}m\;SiO_2$ via-line patterns are fabricated using 1000 ${\mu}C/cm^2$ dose, 6 minute and 30 second development time and 1 minute and 30 second etching time. And finally sub-0.2 ${\mu}$ twolevel metal interconnects using the developed processes were fabricated and the problems of multilevel interconnects are discussed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.7 s.110
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• pp.857-866
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• 2006

Performance of an image retrieval system is usually very low because of the semantic gap between the low level feature and the high level concept in a query image. Semantically relevant images may exhibit very different visual characteristics, and may be scattered in several clusters. In this paper, we propose a content based image rertrieval approach which combines region based image retrieval and a new relevance feedback method using adaptive clustering together. Our main goal is finding semantically related clusters to narrow down the semantic gap. Our method consists of region based clustering processes and cluster-merging process. All segmented regions of relevant images are organized into semantically related hierarchical clusters, and clusters are merged by finding the number of the latent clusters. This method, in the cluster-merging process, applies r: using v principal components instead of classical Hotelling's $T_v^2$ [1] to find the unknown number of clusters and resolve the singularity problem in high dimensions and demonstrate that there is little difference between the performance of $T^2$ and that of $T_v^2$. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed approach is effective in improving the performance of an image retrieval system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.456-467
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social support on self-esteem, depression, and stress of migrant women for marriage and to use them as basic data for developing depression and stress intervention strategies. This study provided correlation and regression analyses of 126 migrant women for marriage. The results showed that the level of social support was significantly and positively correlated to the migrant women's income level (p = .001 <.01) and self-esteem (r = 0.569, p <.001). However, there was a positive correlation among self-esteem, stress, and depression. Reviewing autocorrelations of the three dependent variables and the multi-collinearity between the independent variables, the autocorrelations of self-esteem, stress, and depression were 2.452, 2.418, and 2.278, respectively, indicating the absence of any autocorrelation problem. The regression analysis showed social support (p < 0.001) had a significant and positive relationship with self-esteem. The higher the social support (β = 0.472) was, the higher the self-esteem was. Based on the study results, it is expected that developing various programs of social support for migrant women for marriage is likely to reduce their depression and stress and increase the stability of family and social life.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.25-37
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• 2002

The most important industrial application of gamma radiation in characterizing green compacts is the determination of the density. Examples are given where this method is applied in manufacturing technical components in powder metallurgy. The requirements imposed by modern quality management systems and operation by the workforce in industrial production are described. The accuracy of measurement achieved with this method is demonstrated and a comparison is given with other test methods to measure the density. The advantages and limitations of gamma ray densitometry are outlined. The gamma ray densitometer measures the attenuation of gamma radiation penetrating the test parts (Fig. 1). As the capability of compacts to absorb this type of radiation depends on their density, the attenuation of gamma radiation can serve as a measure of the density. The volume of the part being tested is defined by the size of the aperture screeniing out the radiation. It is a channel with the cross section of the aperture whose length is the height of the test part. The intensity of the radiation identified by the detector is the quantity used to determine the material density. Gamma ray densitometry can equally be performed on green compacts as well as on sintered components. Neither special preparation of test parts nor skilled personnel is required to perform the measurement; neither liquids nor other harmful substances are involved. When parts are exhibiting local density variations, which is normally the case in powder compaction, sectional densities can be determined in different parts of the sample without cutting it into pieces. The test is non-destructive, i.e. the parts can still be used after the measurement and do not have to be scrapped. The measurement is controlled by a special PC based software. All results are available for further processing by in-house quality documentation and supervision of measurements. Tool setting for multi-level components can be much improved by using this test method. When a densitometer is installed on the press shop floor, it can be operated by the tool setter himself. Then he can return to the press and immediately implement the corrections. Transfer of sample parts to the lab for density testing can be eliminated and results for the correction of tool settings are more readily available. This helps to reduce the time required for tool setting and clearly improves the productivity of powder presses. The range of materials where this method can be successfully applied covers almost the entire periodic system of the elements. It reaches from the light elements such as graphite via light metals (AI, Mg, Li, Ti) and their alloys, ceramics ($AI_20_3$, SiC, Si_3N_4, $Zr0_2$, ...), magnetic materials (hard and soft ferrites, AlNiCo, Nd-Fe-B, ...), metals including iron and alloy steels, Cu, Ni and Co based alloys to refractory and heavy metals (W, Mo, ...) as well as hardmetals. The gamma radiation required for the measurement is generated by radioactive sources which are produced by nuclear technology. These nuclear materials are safely encapsulated in stainless steel capsules so that no radioactive material can escape from the protective shielding container. The gamma ray densitometer is subject to the strict regulations for the use of radioactive materials. The radiation shield is so effective that there is no elevation of the natural radiation level outside the instrument. Personal dosimetry by the operating personnel is not required. Even in case of malfunction, loss of power and incorrect operation, the escape of gamma radiation from the instrument is positively prevented.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2012

Background: Prolonged usage of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may induce multi-organ failure. This study is aimed to evaluate prognostic factors in the patients with ECMO. Also, the prognosis of ECMO with Kidney Injury Network Scoring system is studied. Materials and Methods: From May 2005 to July 2011, 172 cases of ECMO were performed. The cases of perioperative use of ECMO were excluded. Renal failure patient and younger than 15 years old one were also excluded. As a result, 26 cases were enrolled in this study. Male patients were 15 (57.7%), and mean age was $56.57{\pm}17.03$ years old. Demographic data, ECMO parameters, weaning from ECMO, and application of continuous renal replacement therapy are collected and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) scores were evaluated just before ECMO and day 1, day 2 during application of ECMO. Results: Venoarterial ECMO was applied in 22 cases (84.6%). The reasons for applications of ECMO were cardiac origin in 21 (80.8%), acute respiratory distress syndrome in 4, and septic shock in 1 case. Successful weaning from ECMO was achieved in 15 cases (57.7%), and survival discharge rate was 9 cases (34.6%). Mean duration of application of ECMO was $111.39{\pm}54.06$ hours. In univariate analysis, myocarditis was independent risk factors on weaning failure. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, level of hemoglobin on 24 hours after ECMO, and base excess on 48 hours after ECMO were showed more than 0.7. AKIN score was not matched the prognosis of the patients with ECMO. Conclusion: In our study, the prognosis of the patients with myocarditis was poor. Hemoglobin level at first 24 hours, and degree of acidosis at 48 hours were useful methods in relating with prognosis of ECMO. AKIN scoring system was not related with the prognosis of the patients. Further study for prognosis and organ injury during application ECMO may be needed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.228-239
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• 2013

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to develop an automated disinfectant dilution system, and an automated data management system for spraying amount for resolving uncertainty problem. Methods: Proper diluting rate was made by a controlled volume pump for liquid disinfectant and a screw conveyer pump for solid disinfectant. The water capacity of disinfecting system of 400 L was controlled by two water level sensors. The water quantity of water tank was controlled by the signals which were produced by the water level sensors. Signals were processed by Labview Programming, and ON/OFF of solenoid valve that was used for controlling water supplying to water tank, was controlled by SSR. The operating time of pumps for disinfectant was controlled quantitatively. A turbine flowmeter was used for development of automated measurement system for spraying amount of disinfectant. In order to save the flowmeter data and to control the spraying system, a multi-function data logger was used, and it was processed and saved in Excel file by a program developed in this study. Results: Labview 2010 was used for programming to control the automated measurement system for spraying amount of disinfectant. Results showed that the relationship between flowmeter value and time had a significant linear relationship such as 0.99 of $R^2$. Generally, 6.74 L/s of diluted disinfectant is sprayed for a vehicle passing through the disinfection system (about 15 seconds). Test results showed that average error between the measured spraying amount and the flowmeter data was 50 mL, and the range of error was 1.3%. Since the amount and time of spraying could be saved in real-time by using the spreadsheet files which could not be modified arbitrarily, it made possible to judge objectively whether the disinfection spraying was performed or not. Test results of spraying liquid and solid disinfectant showed that the errors between the measured discharge rate and the theoretical one were ranged within 3-4% for various dilution rates. Conclusions: The disinfection system developed would be working accurately. The automated spraying data base management system satisfied the purpose of this study. The automated dilution process system developed in this study could discharge liquid and solid disinfectant with accurate dilution rate, relatively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different feeding level of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients) on the generation of main greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in Hanwoo cows. The diet TDN (kg) adjusted to achieve ADG of 0 g/day (Control), 200 g/day (T1), and 400 g/day (T2) of the maintenance level TMR (Total Mixed Ration) delivered twice a day at 08:30 and 17:30. Cow are housed in a respiration chamber and the environmental temperature was maintained at $20^{\circ}C$. The gases were measured for 24 hours using the multi-detector instrument Mamos-300. The analyzed methane emissions of T1 and T2 were 33.5% and 69.6% higher than control, respectively, and the carbon dioxide emissions were 21.1% and 40.6% higher than control. Also, the hourly pattern of carbon dioxide and methane production were showed very similar emission. Gas production showed peak after 1 hour of feeding and this gap was wider in the afternoon than in the morning hours. It is clearly conducted that $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ emissions were different by limited intake levels of feed.