• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2018

Multiple LED arrays can be utilized in visible-light communication (VLC) to improve communication efficiency, while maintaining smart illumination functionality through dimming control. This paper proposes a modulation scheme called "Spatial Intensity Modulation" (SIM), where the effective number of turned-on LEDs is employed for data modulation and dimming control in VLC systems. Unlike the conventional pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), symbol intensity levels are not determined by the amplitude levels of a VLC signal from each LED, but by counting the number of turned-on LEDs, illuminating with a single amplitude level. Because the intensity of a SIM symbol and the target dimming level are determined solely in the spatial domain, the problems of conventional PAM-based VLC and related MIMO VLC schemes, such as unstable dimming control, non uniform illumination functionality, and burdens of channel prediction, can be solved. By varying the number and formation of turned-on LEDs around the target dimming level in time, the proposed SIM scheme guarantees homogeneous illumination over a target area. An analysis of the dimming capacity, which is the achievable communication rate under the target dimming level in VLC, is provided by deriving the turn-on probability to maximize the entropy of the SIM-based VLC system. In addition, a practical design of dimmable SIM scheme applying the multilevel inverse source coding (MISC) method is proposed. The simulation results under a range of parameters provide baseline data to verify the performance of the proposed dimmable SIM scheme and applications in real systems.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2007

LLC 하프브리지 다중 출력용 컨버터의 보조 출력부와 같이, 펄스 전압을 입력으로 갖는 PWM 컨버터에서는 출력 정전압 제어를 위하여 스위치의 턴 온 제어 방식을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 전류 불연속 모드로 동작하는 벅 컨버터의 새로운 도통시간 턴 온 제어방식에 대하여 논하였다. 제안된 LEM 제어 방식의 PWM 동작 원리를 설명하였으며, 임펄스 응답 이론을 근거로 인덕터 전류의 소신호 주파수 응답 특성을 고찰하였다. 또한 60인치 PDP 어드레스용 100W급 파워 모듈에 적용함으로서 제안된 제어 방식의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권6C호
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• pp.560-569
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• 2005

본 논문은 순차적인 간섭제거와 전송 안테나 별 전송률을 제어하는 공간 다중화 전송 MIMO 시스템에서 채널환경에 따라 전송에 사용되는 안테나를 선택하고 데이터 율을 조절하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 수신기에서 전송에 사용될 송신 안테나 및 전송률을 결정하고, 이는 각 송신 안테나 별 전송률에 대한 피드백 채널을 통해 송신기로 전송된다. 본 연구에서는 각 단계에서 최소의 SINR을 가지는 안테나를 제거해가는 연속적인 단계들로 이루어진 직렬 결정 방식을 제안한다. 또한, 각 연속적인 심볼 추정 단계에서 가장 낮은 신호 대 간섭 비를 갖는 심볼을 먼저 추정하는 "reverse detection ordering"이 각 안테나에 할당되는 용량 차이를 증가시킴으로서 안테나 선택에 의한 이득을 증가시킴을 보인다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 "reverse detection ordering"을 기반으로 하는 직렬 결정 방식이 낮은 복잡도을 가지면서 heuristic 방식과 비슷한 용량을 제공함을 보여준다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1006-1011
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• 2018

본 논문은 멀티비트 플라잉 커패시터의 전압제어를 이용한 3-레벨 벅 변환기를 제안한다. 기존의 3-레벨 벅 변환기는 플라잉 커패시터 전압을 제어하지 못하여 동작이 불안정하거나 플라잉 커패시터 전압을 제어하는 회로가 PWM방식에 적용되지 못하는 문제가 있었다. 또한 부하전류에 증가할 때 인덕터 전압에 오차가 발생하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 구조는 입력이 4개인 차동증폭기와 공통모드 피드백 회로를 이용하여 PWM모드에서 플라잉 커패시터 전압을 제어할 수 있다. 또한 3비트 플라잉 커패시터 전압 제어회로를 제안하여 부하전류에 따른 3-레벨 벅 변환기의 동작을 최적화할 수 있으며 슈미트 트리거 회로를 이용한 삼각파 생성 회로를 제안하였다. 제안하는 3-레벨 벅 변환기는 $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정으로 설계되었으며 2.7~3.6V의 공급 전압 범위와 0.7V~2.4V의 출력 전압 범위를 갖는다. 동작 주파수는 2MHz, 부하전류 범위는 30mA~500mA이며 출력 전압 리플은 최대 32.5mV로 측정되었다. 측정 결과 130mA의 부하전류에서 약 85%의 최대 전력변환 효율을 보인다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1423-1428
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 RS-485통신을 이용하여 1Km 이내의 근거리에 떨어져 있는 여러 단말기에 대한 입출력 정보들을 제어 할 수 있는 다중포인트 지원 화재 방지 모니터링 시스템을 구현 하였다. 다중포인트 통신 프로토콜은 화재 감시 및 방재를 위해 소방수신기와 중계기 간의 접속을 지원하며, 단말기의 입출력 정보 처리 및 제어를 할 수 있으며 최대 8128개의 다중포인트 입출력 제어가 가능하도록 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 또한 소방법에 명시한 제한된 시간내에 최대 1016개의 단말기 전체에 대한 정보를 확인할 수 있는 통신프로토콜을 구현하기 위해 중계기와 수신기 사이에 중계반과 중계반 제어장치를 설계하여 구현 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

In this paper, a novel prototype of auxiliary switched capacitor assisted voltage source soft switching PWM Single-Ended Push Pull (SEPP) series capacitor compensated load resonant inverter with two auxiliary edge resonant lossless inductor snubbers is proposed and discussed for small scale consumer high-frequency induction heating (IH) appliances. The operation principle of this inverter is described by using switching mode equivalent circuits. The newly developed multi resonant high-frequency inverter using trench gate IGBTs can regulate its output AC power via constant frequency edge-resonant associated soft switching commutation by using an asymmetrical PWM control or duty cycle control scheme. The brand-new consumer IH products which use the newly proposed edge-resonant soft switching PWM-SEPP type series load resonant high-frequency inverters are evaluated using power regulation characteristics, actual efficiency vs. duty cycle and input power vs. actual efficiency characteristics. Their operating performance compared with some conventional soft switching high-frequency inverters for IH appliances is discussed on the basis of simulation and experimental results. The practical effectiveness of the newly proposed soft switching PWM SEPP series load resonant inverter is verified from an application point of view as being suitable for consumer high-frequency IH appliances.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Purpose: The development of compact tractors that can be used in dry fields, greenhouses, and orchards for pest control, weeding, transportation, and harvesting is necessary. The development and performance evaluation of power transmission units are very important when it comes to tractor development. This study evaluates the performance of a driving power transmission unit of a 50 kW multi-purpose narrow tractor. Methods: The performance of the transmission and forward-reverse clutch, which are the main components of the driving power transmission unit of multi-purpose narrow tractors, was evaluated herein. The transmission performance was evaluated in terms of power transmission efficiency, noise, and axle load, while the forward-reverse clutch performance was evaluated in terms of durability. The transmission's power transmission efficiency accounts for the measurement of transmission losses, which occur in the transmission's gear, bearing, and oil seal. The motor's power was input in the transmission's input shaft. The rotational speed and torque were measured in the final output shaft. The noise was measured at each speed level after installing a microphone on the left, right, and upper sides. The axle load test was performed through a continuous equilibrium load test, in which a constant load was continuously applied. The forward-reverse clutch performance was calculated using the engine torque to axle torque ratio with the assembled engine and transmission. Results: The loss of power in the transmission efficiency test of the driving power unit was 6.0-9.7 kW based on all gear steps. This loss of horsepower was equal to 11-18% of the input power (52 kW). The transmission efficiency of the driving power unit was 81.5-89.0%. The noise of the driving power unit was 50-57 dB at 800 rpm, 70-77 dB at 1600 rpm, and 76-83 dB at 2400 rpm. The axle load test verified that the input torque and axle revolutions were constant. The results of the forward-reverse clutch performance test revealed that hydraulic pressure and torque changes were stably maintained when moving forward or backward, and its operation met the hydraulic design standards. Conclusions: When comprehensively examined, these research results were similar to the main driving power transmission systems from USA and Japan in terms of performance. Based on these results, tractor prototypes are expected to be created and supplied to farmhouses after going through sufficient in-situ adaptability tests.

• 한국정보기술학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2019

본 논문은 다중 사용자 다중 입력 단일 출력 (MISO) 간섭 채널에서 복수의 도청자가 존재하는 경우에, 보안 채널 수율을 향상시키기 위한 간단한 프리코딩 벡터 설계 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 보안 채널 수율을 최적화하는 문제에 대해 다루었으며, 수학식으로 주어지는 분석해를 구하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해서 신호대 누수 잡음비 (SLNR) 기반으로 프리코딩 벡터를 설계하는 방법을 제시한다. 구체적으로는, 도청자가 정보 신호를 전혀 검출할 수 없도록 도청 채널 수율을 완전히 제거하면서, 송신단-수신단 링크 간의 채널 수율을 최대화시키도록 프리코딩 벡터를 설계한다. 성능 검증을 위하여 모의실험을 수행하였으며, 송신 안테나 개수, 송신단-수신단 링크 개수, 도청자 수 간에 특별한 조건식을 만족하지 않는 환경에서는, 제안하는 기법이 모든 신호대 잡음비 범위에서 기존 기법보다 더 우수한 보안 채널 수율을 나타낸다는 것을 제시한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.372-372
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose Neuro Fuzzy Polynomial Networks(NFPN) based on Polynomial Neural Network(PNN) and Neuro-Fuzzy(NF) for model identification of complex and nonlinear systems. The proposed NFPN is generated from the mutually combined structure of both NF and PNN. The one and the other are considered as the premise part and consequence part of NFPN structure respectively. As the premise part of NFPN, NF uses both the simplified fuzzy inference as fuzzy inference method and error back-propagation algorithm as learning rule. The parameters such as parameters of membership functions, learning rates and momentum coefficients are adjusted using genetic algorithms. As the consequence part of NFPN, PNN is based on Group Method of Data Handling(GMDH) method and its structure is similar to Neural Networks. But the structure of PNN is not fixed like in conventional Neural Networks and self-organizing networks that can be generated. NFPN is available effectively for multi-input variables and high-order polynomial according to the combination of NF with PNN. Accordingly it is possible to consider the nonlinearity characteristics of process and to get better output performance with superb predictive ability. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed models, we use the nonlinear function. The results show that the proposed FPNN can produce the model with higher accuracy and more robustness than any other method presented previously.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

The present experimental investigation focuses on finding optimal parametric data-set of laser micro-drilling operation with minimum taper and Heat-affected zone during laser micro-drilling of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy-based composite materials. Experiments have been conducted as per Box-Behnken design (BBD) techniques considering cutting speed, lamp current, pulse frequency and air pressure as input process parameters. Then, the relationship between control parameters and output responses is developed using second-order nonlinear regression models. The analysis of variance test has also been performed to check the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique, optimum process parameters are evaluated and compared. Moreover, confirmation tests are conducted with the optimal parameter settings obtained from RSM and APSO and improvement in performance parameter is noticed in each case. The optimal process parameter setting obtained from predictive RSM based APSO techniques are speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), Air pressure (1 kg/cm²) for Taper and speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), air pressure (3 kg/cm²) for HAZ. From the confirmatory experimental result, it is observed that the APSO metaheuristic algorithm performs efficiently for optimizing the responses during laser micro-drilling process of nanocomposites both in individual and multi-objective optimization.