• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.213-217
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• 2017

The recent updates of the North Ecliptic Pole deep ($0.5deg^2$, NEP-Deep) multi-wavelength survey covering from X-ray to radio-wave is presented. The NEP-Deep provides us with several thousands of $15{\mu}m$ or $18{\mu}m$ selected galaxies, which is the largest sample ever made at these wavelengths. A continuous filter coverage in the mid-infrared wavelength (7, 9, 11, 15, 18, and 24 µm) is unique and vital to diagnose the contributions from starbursts and AGNs in the galaxies out to z=2. The new goal of the project is to resolve the nature of the cosmic star formation history at the violent epoch (e.g. z=1-2), and to find a clue to understand its decline from z=1 to present universe by utilizing the unique power of the multiwavelength survey. The progress in this context is briefly mentioned.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.319-324
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• 2015

This paper proposes an integrated management system for products of game software development. Those products generated over software life-cycle are generally huge in numbers, various in kinds and interconnected in relationships among them. Especially they are highly complex and tightly coupled each other because they are used to build another world which is composed of multi-modal data such as graphics, sound, logics and so on. Therefore it is critical to manage development products in an integrated manner to guarantee the quality of software. The proposed system is designed to provide project/requirement/configuration/traceability management capabilities and interfacing to CASE standards. To achieve the objective, it is based on data warehouse technologies which provide central repositories of heterogeneous data, multi-aspect reporting&analysis capabilities, traceability, verification, etc.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.237-240
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• 2005

Calibration and Validation are major element of any space borne Earth Observation Mission. These activities are the major objective of the commissioning phases but routine activities shall be maintained during the whole mission in order to maintain the quality of the product delivered to the users or at least to fully characterise the evolution with time of the product quality. With the launch of ERS-l in 1991, the European Space Agency decided to put in place a group dedicated to these activities, along with the daily monitoring of the product quality for anomaly detection and algorithm evolution. These four elements are all strongly linked together. Today this group is fully responsible for the monitoring of two ESA missions, ERS-2 and Envisat, for a total of 12 instruments of various types, preparing itself for the Earth Explorer series of five. other satellites (Cryosat, Goce, SMOS, ADM-Aeolus, Swarm) and at various levels in past and future Third Party Missions such as Landsat, J-ERS, ALOS and KOMPSAT. The Joint proposal by the European Union and the European Space Agency for a 'Global Monitoring for Environment and Security' project (GMES), triggers a review of the scope of these activities in a much wider framework than the handling of single missions with specific tools, methods and activities. Because of the global objective of this proposal, it is necessary to put in place Multi-Mission Calibration and Validation systems and procedures. GMES Calibration and Validation activities will rely on multi source data access, interoperability, long-term data preservation, and definition standards to facilitate the above objectives. The scope of this presentation is to give an overview of the current Calibration and Validation activities at ESA, and the planned evolution in the context of GMES.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.249-260
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• 2015

The changes in thermodynamic and dynamic aspects on near (2025~2049) and long-term (2075~2099) future climate changes between the historical run (1979~2005) and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run with 20 coupled models which employed in the phase five of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) over East Asia (EA) and the Korean Peninsula are investigated as an extended study for Moon et al. (2014) study noted that the 20 models' multi-model ensemble (MME) and best five models' multi-model ensemble (B5MME) have a different increasing trend of precipitation during the boreal winter and summer, in spite of a similar increasing trend of surface air temperature, especially over the Korean Peninsula. Comparing the MME and B5MME, the dynamic factor (the convergence of mean moisture by anomalous wind) and the thermodynamic factor (the convergence of anomalous moisture by mean wind) in terms of moisture flux convergence are analyzed. As a result, the dynamic factor causes the lower increasing trend of precipitation in B5MME than the MME during the boreal winter and summer over EA. However, over the Korean Peninsula, the dynamic factor causes the lower increasing trend of precipitation in B5MME than the MME during the boreal winter, whereas the thermodynamic factor causes the higher increasing trend of precipitation in B5MME than the MME during the boreal summer. Therefore, it can be noted that the difference between MME and B5MME on the change in precipitation is affected by dynamic (thermodynamic) factor during the boreal winter (summer) over the Korean Peninsula.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.403-417
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• 2014

Future changes in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation over East Asia under anthropogenic global warming are investigated by comparing the historical run for 1979~2005 and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run for 2006~2100 with 20 coupled models which participated in the phase five of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5). Although an increase in future temperature over the East Asian monsoon region has been commonly accepted, the prediction of future precipitation under global warming still has considerable uncertainties with a large inter-model spread. Thus, we select best five models, based on the evaluation of models' performance in present climate for boreal summer and winter seasons, to reduce uncertainties in future projection. Overall, the CMIP5 models better simulate climatological temperature and precipitation over East Asia than the phase 3 of CMIP and the five best models' multi-model ensemble (B5MME) has better performance than all 20 models' multi-model ensemble (MME). Under anthropogenic global warming, significant increases are expected in both temperature and land-ocean thermal contrast over the entire East Asia region during both seasons for near and long term future. The contrast of future precipitation in winter between land and ocean will decrease over East Asia whereas that in summer particularly over the Korean Peninsula, associated with the Changma, will increase. Taking into account model validation and uncertainty estimation, this study has made an effort on providing a more reliable range of future change for temperature and precipitation particularly over the Korean Peninsula than previous studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.843-853
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• 2014

In the context of artificial groundwater recharge, a reactive soil column at pilot-scale (4.5 m depth and 3 m in diameter) fed by treated wastewater was designed to evaluate soil filtration ability. Here, as a part of this project, the impact of treated wastewater filtration on soil bacterial communities and the soil's biological ability for wastewater treatment as well as the relevance of the use of multi-bioindicators were studied as a function of depth and time. Biomass; bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity fingerprints; potential nitrifying, denitrifying, and sulfate-reducing activities; and functional gene (amo, nir, nar, and dsr) detection were analyzed to highlight the real and potential microbial activity and diversity within the soil column. These bioindicators show that topsoil (0 to 20 cm depth) was the more active and the more impacted by treated wastewater filtration. Nitrification was the main activity in the pilot. No sulfate-reducing activity or dsr genes were detected during the first 6 months of wastewater application. Denitrification was also absent, but genes of denitrifying bacteria were detected, suggesting that the denitrifying process may occur rapidly if adequate chemical conditions are favored within the soil column. Results also underline that a dry period (20 days without any wastewater supply) significantly impacted soil bacterial diversity, leading to a decrease of enzyme activities and biomass. Finally, our work shows that treated wastewater filtration leads to a modification of the bacterial genetic and functional structures in topsoil.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.590-593
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• 2006

Timber inventory management includes to measure and update forest attributes, which is crucial information for private companies and public organizations in property assessment and environment monitoring. Field measurement would be accurate, but time-consuming and inefficient. For the reason, remote sensing technology has been an alternative to field measurement from an economic perspective. Among several sensors, LiDAR and Radar interferometry are known for their efficiency for forest monitoring because they are less influenced by weather and light conditions, and provide reasonably accurate vertical/horizontal measurement for a large area in a short period. For example, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and National Elevation Dataset (NED) in the U.S. can provide tree height information and DSM. On the other hand, LiDAR DSM (the first return) and DEM (the last return) can also present tree height estimation. With respect to project site of loblolly pine plantation in Louisiana in the U.S., the accuracy of SRTM C-Band approach estimating tree height was assessed by the LiDAR approaches. In addition, SRTM X-Band and NED were also compared with the results. Plantation year in inventory GIS, which is directly related to forest age, is high correlated with the difference between SRTM C-Band and NED. As a byproduct, several stands of age mismatch could be recognized using an outlier detection algorithm, and optical satellite image (ETM+) were used to verify the mismatch. The findings of this study were (1) the confirmation of usefulness of the SRTM DSM for forest monitoring and (2) Multi-sensors- Radar, LiDAR, ETM+, MODIS can be used for accuracy improvement of forest inventory GIS altogether.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.476-479
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• 2004

In the process of industrialization of our country in 1970's, Korea's housing strategy has focused on housing supply. Rapid completion and supply of apartment house buildings have caused a problem of their early deterioration due to their poor quality. In 1987 Housing Construction Promotion Act, therefore, included new regulations on housing re-construction. In July 2001, other new regulations on remodeling apartment buildings were also included in the Act. Reconstruction and remodeling have been considered to deal with such problems. This study suggests an appraisal criteria if they can select reconstruction or remodeling method in conducting their apartment building project. At first, evaluation items should be selected by the criteria of function31ity and economical efficiency. Second, the selected item is screened by AHP and multi-criteria decision-making methods. The result of study shows that the owners of apartment units will be able to select reasonable alternatives through the suggested appraisal method

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2020

As a demand for a new video coding standard having higher coding efficiency than the existing standards is growing, recently, MPEG and VCEG has been developing and standardizing the next-generation video coding project, named Versatile Video Coding (VVC). Many inter prediction techniques have been introduced to increase the coding efficiency, and among them, an adaptive motion vector resolution (AMVR) technique has contributed on increasing the efficiency of VVC. However, the best motion vector can only be determined by computing many rate-distortion costs, thereby increasing encoding complexity. It is necessary to reduce the complexity for real-time video broadcasting and streaming services, but it is yet an open research topic to reduce the complexity of AMVR. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient technique is proposed, which reduces the encoding complexity of AMVR. For that, the proposed method exploits a special VVC tree structure (i.e., multi-type tree structure) to accelerate the decision process of AMVR. Experiment results show that the proposed decision method reduces the encoding complexity of VVC test model by 10% with a negligible loss of coding efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2230-2250
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• 2015

Multiple projectors with partially overlapping regions can be used to project a seamless image on a large projection surface. With the advent of high-resolution photography, such systems are gaining popularity. Experts set up such projection systems by subjectively identifying the types of errors induced by the system in the projected images and rectifying them by optimizing (correcting) the parameters associated with the system. This requires substantial time and effort, thus making it difficult to set up such systems. Moreover, comparing the performance of different multi-projector display (MPD) systems becomes difficult because of the subjective nature of evaluation. In this work, we present a framework to quantitatively determine the quality of an MPD system and any image projected using such a system. We have divided the quality assessment into geometric and photometric qualities. For geometric quality assessment, we use Feature Similarity Index (FSIM) and distance-based Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). For photometric quality assessment, we propose to use a measure incorporating Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Intensity Magnitude Ratio (IMR) and Perceptual Color Difference (ΔE). We have tested the proposed framework and demonstrated that it provides an acceptable method for both quantitative evaluation of MPD systems and estimation of the perceptual quality of any image projected by them.