• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

Under Light and Scanning electron microscope, the pupal morphology of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori Linn. revealed the prothorax and metathorax, well developed mesothorax, less defined last pair of sporacle, well exposed prothoracic femora and wing pads approaching the anterior margin of Ab III. The important sex separating characters viz, wegiht, antennal elevations, intersegmental lines and genings have discussed. Further, two separate openings bursa copulatrix and ovipositional opening were observed, performing different functions in abult moth.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.261-264
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• 2004

Kolar gold (PM${\times}$CSR2) is the most popular cross breed of India, especially in Karnataka. During January - February 2004 we observed several phenotypic variations leading to poor survival. Though occurrence of morphologically abnormal individuals is common, the extent of occurrence in the present report was on the higher side (upto 6 percent). It is unwarranted and not desirable in commercial silkworm rearing. The variations exhibited might be due to change in the environmental conditions like incubation temperature during embryonic stage or spontaneous mutation resulting out of environmental stress.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2021

Many researchers are using the heterosis, heterobeltiosis and hybrid vigour over check parent value formulae to determine the hybrid vigour for animals, plants and silkworm breeding. These formulae are ideal for determine the hybrid vigour for the positive direction of single trait. It is difficult using these formulae for multiple traits. Suggested modification for cardinal formulae were made as well as suggestion new formula for determines hybrid vigour for multiple traits. Modifications of hybrid vigour were made to facilitate judgment of best hybrids under study for multiple traits. Nineteen local hybrids of mulberry silkworm were prepared for these investigations in addition the imported Bulgarian hybrid. Comparison between the cardinal and the modifications formulae were applied for thirteen economic characters. Nine positive and four negative direction characters were observed. Modified formulae make the judgment of heterobeltiosis, heterosis and hybrid vigour over check parent value very facilitate for positive and negative traits.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

The success of sericulture industry in India is mainly attributed to the well-planned annual sericultural activity and the systematic implementation of pest preventive and control measures. The insect spectrum of silkworm and its food plants is complex and plays a major role in limiting the production of silk. Insects cause extensive damage to plant whereas predators and parasites either kill the silkworm larvae or force them to spin flimsy cocoons. Unilateral control measure against this pest is mainly based on the use of synthetic organic insecticides. Though these approaches initially paid rich dividends, the undesirable consequences soon surfaced. Insecticide induced resurgence of gall midges, leafhopper, leaf roller, secondary pest out breaks and development of pest biotypes has led to realization of Integrated Pest Management in sericulture. Various components of IPM, viz. Host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological control, chemical control and integrating them at various technological levels have been studied. Sources of host plant resistance have been identified for some of the major insect pests. High yielding mulberry variety has been propagated and their resistances towards major pests have been recorded. Cultural practices like pruning, pollarding, judicious use of nitrogen, optimum spacing and weed management have preyed to be the powerful tools in containing pests. Natural control over the pest population build- up exerted by the wide range of parasitoids, predators and pathogens has been well documented with identification of natural enemies and studies on their potential. Augmentation, through inoculation or inundative releases of parasitic arthropods, is the most direct way of increasing the numbers of these beneficials in sericulture.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

To meet the local requirement i.e. the tropical stress of Andhra Pradesh and marginal farmers, twenty four new hybrid combinations were tested in Line x Tester method involving eight newly developed polyvoltine oval lines viz., MSO1, MSO2, MSO3, MSO4, MSO5, MSO6, MSO7 and MSO8 and three bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., APS12, APS45 and APS8 as testers. These hybrids were reared to evaluate their performance. Data for eight economically important metric traits viz., fecundity, cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by number, cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by weight, survival rate, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length was recorded. General combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca) and heterosis were analyzed. Further, the relative merit of the hybrids for all the traits under study was also assessed adopting Evaluation Index method. Based on combining ability effects, heterosis and evaluation index, five hybrid combinations viz., MSO3 $\times$ APS45, MSO1 $\times$ APS12, MSO7 $\times$ APS8, MSO2 $\times$ APS45 and MSO1 $\times$ APS45 were selected for further evaluation in different seasons.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 1997

It was proved that both ethanol extracts from Mori Folium from Kangwon do and silk worm had higher inhibition acitivity on $\alpha$-glucohydrolase than the water extracts. In adding above 8.5 (mg/L) of silkworm extracts, the inhibition rate on $\alpha$-1,4 glucosidase was saturated while the inhibition rate was continuously increased in adding the extracts from Moli Folium. It was also found that the diethyl ether fraction showed much better inhibition activity than water fraction from ethanol extracts, yielding ca. 85% of inhibition rate for the extract of Moli Folium, compared to 91% for a commercially available hypoglycemic drug, Chloropropamide. In separating the diethyl ether fractions by Consecutive Sephadex gel filtration and Thin layer chromatography, three and four active spots were obtained from Moli Folium and silkworm, respectively. It is interesting that the similar Rf spots from both species among several spots in TLC have the highest inhibition acitivity on a target enzyme, which can imply that the active substances from both species are same or similar molecular weight and structure. Glucose-lowering activities of both speciese were also examined in vivo, showing that the fraction from Moli Folium had better activity than that from silkworm, and its activity was similar to that of a commercial drug.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 1986

야외곤충에 대한 미포자충의 감염여부와 곤충에서 검출된 미포자충의 누에에 대한 감영성 조사 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 채집한 66종의 야외곤충으로부터 미포자충이 검출된 야외곤충은 똥쉬파리, 꿀벌, 배추흰나비(유충), 아이노각다구, 등록색잎벌레, 벗나무풍뎅이, 노랑테불나방, 밀잠자리, 먼지벌레 및 벼잎벌레 등 10종이었다. 2. 추출된 미포자들을 크기에 따라 분류한 바 똥쉬파리로부터는 3종, 그리고 다른 곤충으로 부터는 각기 다른 1종의 미포자충이 검출됨으로써 총 12종의 미포자충이 분리되었다. 3. 똥쉬파리, 꿀벌 및 배추흰나비(유충)에서 검출된 미포자충들을 누에에의 교우감영성을 실험한 바 어느 것도 교유감염이 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.38-47
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• 1986

누에 인공동류에 망초, 결명차, 방둠산이 및 동부의 엽분말을 혼입하여 조제한 동료로 누에를 동육한 결과와 그 누에의 체액 중장 견사선등의 전기영동상 및 공식식물의 성분분석내용을 다음과 같이 요약한다. 1. 기본누에인공동료에 망초, 결명차, 방둠산이, 동부의 엽분말을 건물동으로 2-5%정도 혼입한 구에서 섭식과 소화가 조장되었으며 누에의 각종 실용형질도 양호한 경향이었으며 특히 동부와 방둠산이는 첨가효과가 두드러지게 나타났다. 2. 4종의 공식식물엽분말을 2-4종씩 여러 조합으로 혼입한 동료로 누에를 동육한 결과 누에의 섭식과 소화에 대한 각식물성분간의 상승효과는 인정되지 아니하였다. 3. 누에의 채액, 중상 및 견사선의 Esterase Protease Phosphatase의 전기영동상은 처리간에 다소 차이가 인정되었다. 일반적으로 섭식과 소화가 양호한 구에서는 1-2개의 영동대가 더 검출되는 경향이 있었다. 4. 공식식물성분은 상엽에 비해서 전분조지방조단백질무기염류등의 함유율이 현저히 높았으며 섭식에 직접 관여하는 휘발성성분은 찾아내지 못하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1972

육잠기술이 수견량에 미치는 영향의 정도를 알고져 1971년 춘잠기 및 추잠기에 경기도 화성군 정남면 보통리와 용수리 소재 양잠농가중 14호를 선정하여 70년도 상자당 수견량이 평균이상 농가를 상위 농가로 평균이하 농가를 하위농가로 구분하고 71년도에는 이들 농가에게 각농가의 상전상엽을 공유제로 하고 사육조건을 통일시킨 조건하에서의 사육 결과로서 육잠기술이 상자당 수견량에 미친 영향력을 추정했다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 육잠기술이 상자당 수견량에 미치는 영향력은 이들 14개 상하위 양잠농가를 기준 한다면 춘잠기 15% 추잠기 33%이다. 2) 사료조건이 상자당수견량에 미치는 영향력은 이들 14개 양잠농가를 기준한다면 춘잠기 56% 추잠기 69%이며 이에는 기상조건의 상승효과가 포함되어진 것으로 추정된다. 3) 하위농가의 육잠기술중 가장 중요하게 미치는 저위생산요인은 소독의 불이행인것 같다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.73-81
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• 1962

This treatise is to analyze the chemical components in the mulberry varieties which are cultured in Korea and to estimate the nutritive values for them. Some of these varieties were developed lately in this country just by the general breeding aspect of mulberry leaf producing and silkworm raising experimentation without analysing the nutritive values of them which may be differed by various culturing condition. This work will be helpful for the improvement of mulberry varieties and the correct judgement of them. The varieties used for the analysis are as followings; A. Morus bombycis Koridz species. 1.Ichi-Hei. 2. Shimano-Uchi B. Morus alba L. species. 3. Kairyo-Nezumigaeshi. 4. Suwon-Daeyop. 5. Suwon No. 3. 6. Suwon No. 4. 7. Yongchon-Chuwoo. C. Morus Ihou (Ser.) Koidz species. 8. Ro-Soh. The specimens were eventually taken under the air and soil dry season because of the rain shortage during the sampling period and the results are found as a rather different from the normal specimen under the normal climate. Therefore, this treatise will be an important report on a special culturing condition and the nutritive values by the mulberry varieties, and still comparable because they were grown under the same condition. The individual conclusions are; 1. Yongchon-Chuwoo which was originated in this country, was found as an important variety for this country from the aspect of mulberry nutritive value and leaf producing amount, and it is believed that this is the best suitable variety for the soil of Korea. 2. Ichi-Hei occupies the better situation as well as Yongchon-Chuwoo from the nutritive criticizing even though it was originated in Japan. 3. The lately developed Suwon No.3 and No.4 are best from the leaf producing point of view, but they are not found such a good varieties from the nutritive aspect. The result may be happened as poor because they were cut before spring sprout started. 4. Ro-Soh which was normally recognized as a poor variety, was also found as a poor nutritive and leaf producing variety. 5. The crude protein and crude fat components in the mulberry leaves decreased as the leaf maturity was progressed, but the crude fiber and crude ash components increased reversively in general view. It was also found that there were some specific changing nature by the mulberry varieties and could not rule them by just one conclusion. 6. During the air and soil dry season, the ash component increases but the hydrocarbon and moisture contents decrease considerably, and which resulted to the increase of mulberry hardness ratio and the decrease of sugar-protein ratio, eventually it causes the decrease of the nutritive value. It was also found that Ichi-Hei, Ro-Soh, and Suwon No. 3 had a strong recovering nature to their normal nutritive condition after raining. 7. Mulberry is of course a rich calorie diet, and is calculated as 50 to 60 Cal. per gram.