• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2002

Mulberry being the only food of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is of great economic importance to the silk industry, The success in cocoon production mainly depends on the supply of quality leaves in sufficient quantity. In mulberry, where the economic product is leaf, the uptake of nitrogen from soil is very heavy and high responses to application of nutrients have been reported. Nitrogen supports vegetative growth particularly the leaf biomass. Variation in nitrogen harvest index and other physiological and yield contributing traits were estimated in five mulberry genotypes. Considerable variation was observed for nitrogen harvest index, protein yield per plant and harvest index. The correlation studies indicated the protein yield per plant was significantly correlated with leaf yield, nitrogen content in leaf, nitrogen harvest index and harvest index. The broad sense heritability estimates revealed that harvest index showed highest heritability (88.07%) followed by nitrogen content (82.52%), protein yield (70.28%) and nitrogen harvest index (66.52%).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2002

Studies on the interrelationship between biological yield and harvest index, and their association with shoot rearing were carried out in 9 promising mulberry genotypes, which indicated significant variations among genotypes. Biological yield had close association with leaf yield components indicating that they are inter-related for higher productivity in mulberry, Biological yield revealed highly significant positive correlation with important leaf yield components. However height of the longest branch showed negative correlation with biological yield. Genotypes with higher biological yield associated with low ratio of stem weight to leaf weight and high Harvest index on dry weight basis are to be selected for shoot rearing. Biological yield recorded on fresh weight basis had less impact on the present study in comparison to dry weight basis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBB) with chemical (NPK) fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry variety Kanva-2. Their influences on silkworm growth and cocoon characters were also studied. Ten different CBB and NPK fertilizer treatments were given to 5000 plants of established mulberry garden. Treatments were of four types viz., (i) T1 to T7: single and combination dose of CBB+50% NPK (ii) T8: combination dose of CBB + 25%NPK, (iii) T9: CBB only and (iv) T10: control-l00% NPK. Soil pH decreased and nutrients status increased in CBB (T1- T9) treated plots. Average of ten crops data on quantitative traits revealed that T7 (CBB [N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0) and S. millei (1.0 g)] + 50% NPK) was very effective in improving growth parameters. Leaf yield was also found high in treatment T7 (32.12 tons/ha/yr.) followed by T10 (31.17 tons/ha/yr.) and T8 (27.67 tons/ha/yr.). Leaf quality characters were found high in T7 and low in T9. Most of the quality traits in T7 are on par with control no. The results revealed that reduction in the dose of chemical fertilizers in T7 did not affect the leaf yield and leaf quality traits of mulberry. This clearly indicates that the efficiency of CBB (T7) provides nitrogen, increases essential nutrients available in soil, maintain soil pH and supply growth substances required for the improvement of leaf yield and leaf quality of mulberry. Bioassay study also revealed no significant difference in silkworm growth and cocoon characters between treatments T7 and T10. Economics calculated revealed that T7 is highly economical and beneficial over T10 by gaining an amount of Rs. 660/-/acre/crop. Thus, treatment T7 containing N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0 g) and S. millei (1.0 g) + 50% NPK fertilizers can be recommended to sericulturists mainly to reduce the use of NPK fertilizers, by saving 50% of its cost and to improve soil fertility conditions, which in turn improves leaf yield and quality of mulberry.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

Twenty - four elite mulberry germplasm each of indigenous and exotics were studied for their leaf yield and compared with commercial check ($V_1$ and Kosen). Accession MI-0416 and ME-0169 out yielded the check accession in leaf yield/plant. The other few mulberry germplasm were also performed at par with the checks. For quality test and bioassay were conducted with the leaves of selected mulberry germplasm. Among the selected twelve mulberry accessions used for bioassay, MI-0376 and ME-033 performed better than check ($V_1$, Kosen). Other mulberry accessions i.e., MI-0310 and MI-0437 are on par with the check as far as the bioassay is concerned. MI-0376 and ME-0033 out yielded in rearing parameters and qualified for 11 and 10 rearing and related traits. Other mulberry accessions i.e., MI-0310 and MI-0437 were also qualified for eight rearing traits along with check ($V_1$). The mulberry accessions tested after selection from the preliminary characterization seems to be better and equally good in rearing and leaf yield compared to check ($V_1$, Kosen), which provides scope for selection and further evaluation. The selected mulberry accession may be included in crop improvement programme.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

Due to recent scientific innovations in mulberry cultivation, leaf yield has been increased manifold. However, with successive leaf harvest, a quantum drop in leaf yield and quality has been noted. This inturn has affected the silkworm rearing and farmers suffered by the frequent crop failures. This is mainly due to nutrient deficiencies in mulberry leaf. Moreover, no complete information is available about hunger signs of nutritional disorders, analytical diagnosis and critical levels of nutrients required. The present paper, thus, may serve as an important nutrient guide for identification of hunger signs, leaf nutrients status under deficiency and critical levels of the elements namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn requirements for higher leaf yield and quality. The leaf nutrient status provided may help chemist for correcting the soil status. Besides, an integration of mulberry intercropping with legumes and applications of neem and castor oil cakes, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, biofertilizer and vermicompost are suggested as integrated nutrient management for sustainable sericulture industry. Based on the information described in this paper, a model needs to be framed for maintaining continuous supply of nutrients to obtain desired quantity and quality of mulberry leaf for successful silkworm cocoon crop and increasing overall silk productivity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Ten improved mulberry varieties (Vl, C1730, C2016, C2017, Anantha, RFS-175, Thallaghatapura, Vishala, S1 and S1635) were evaluated through enzyme assay and estimation of soluble protein content followed by regression analysis, grown under irrigated conditions in the alluvial soils of Gangetic plains of West Bengal in India for five successive crops in a year, The nitrate reductase (EC No. 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA, $\mu$mol N $O_2$- $h^{-1}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.) was estimated which showed to vary significantly in the tested varieties. In addition to these, the other parameters like unit leaf fresh and dry weight (g), moisture ％, unit leaf area ($\textrm{cm}^2$), specific leaf weight (g c $m^{-2}$ ), total soluble sugar (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), leaf yield/plant (kg), shoot yield/plant (kg) and net photosynthetic rate (NPR, $\mu$㏖ $m^{2}$ $s^{-1}$ ) were also studied which showed to vary significantly in tested varieties. Among them, S1635, haying higher NRA (13.25 $\mu$㏖ N $O_2$- $h^{-l}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (39.63mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), NPR(16.66 $\mu$㏖ $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ ), total soluble sugar (48.44 mg $g^{-1}$ fr. wt.), leaf yield/plant (0.689 kg) and shoot yield/plant (1.135 kg) showed its superiority over other tested varieties. Regression and correlation coefficients were analysed, and a strong positive correlation was found between NRA ＆ total soluble protein, NRA ＆ NPR, NRA ＆ total soluble sugar, NRA af unit leaf weight, NRA ＆ specific leaf weight, NRA ＆ leaf yield/plant, NRA ＆ shoot yield/plant, NPR ＆ leaf yield and NPR ＆ specific leaf weight.t.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1992

사질 뽕밭의 생산성 향상을 위하여 복합 영농 및 축산업 농가에서 생산된 가축 분뇨를 사용하여 사질 뽕밭의 토양 화학성 및 수엽량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가축 분뇨를 3년간 사용한 결과 우분, 돈분, 계분 공히 토양 화학성이 개량되었으며, 계분 8t/10a 상당량을 사용하였을 경우 유기물함량이 1.3% 증가되었으며, 우분 15t/10a 상당량을 사용하였을 경우에는 0.9% 증가하였다. 2. 3년간의 춘기 평균 수엽량은 화학시료만을 사용한 것에 비하여 가축 분뉴만 사용한 경우 및 가축분뇨 및 화학시료를 같이 사용할 경우 차가 없었으며, 추기 평균 수엽량은 돈분과 화학시료를 같이 사용한 경우에서 증수되었으며 연간 평균 수엽량의 경우에는 돈분만 사용한 경우와 계분만 사용한 수엽량이 많이 증가되었다. 3. 뽕잎의 탄수화물 함량은 춘, 추기 다같이 화학시료만을 사용한 것에 비하여 가축 분뇨만을 사용하거나, 가축 분뇨와 화학시료를 같이 사용한 경우 공히 많았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.15-19
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• 1969

상엽의 수확량을 규정하기 위하여 수량에, 관계하는 형질을 알고자 우리나라 상엽의 중요품종인 개량서반, 일지뢰, 노상, 수원상 4 호의 4품종을 재료로 각형질 상호간의 상관관계를 본바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상관계수를 계출하기 위하여 각형질의 분산 및 공분산을 계산한바 그 결과는 제1표와 같고 형질에 따라서 그 값은 매우 다르나 품종에 따라서는 큰 변동을 보이지 아니한다. 2. 각형질상호간의 상관관계를 본바 그 결과는 제2표와 같고 각형질상호간에 고도의 상관관계가 보이나 특히 엽중즉수량과 기조장, 기조직경, 엽수. 엽면적, 절수, 지총중, 지중 사이에 높은 상관관계가 보였다. 3. 형질상호간의 상관의 정도를 보다 정확하게 알기 위하여 형질상호간의 편상관계수를 계출한바 그 결과는 제3표와 같고 이들 편상관계수의 값은 형질의 조합. 품종에 따라서 동일하지 아니하나 엽면적과 수량간에는 어느 품종에 있어서도 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 상엽의 수량을 측정하기 위한 형질은 수량과도 높은 상관관계가 있고 수거전 상전에서 쉽게 측정할수 있는 형질 즉 기조장, 기조직경, 엽수, 엽면적의 4개형질이라고 하겠다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2003

Soilborne diseases pose a serious problem for mulberry cultivation during nursery plantation and established gardens, which cause severe loss in revenue generation of mulberry growers as compared to foliar diseases. Various soilborne diseases affect mulberry. Among them, root knot and root rot affect the established plantation resulting in severe loss in leaf yield apart from deterioration in leaf quality, which is a pre-requisite in successful sericulture to get the good quality of cocoons. Besides, stem-canker, cutting rot, collar rot and die-back, affect the initial establishment and survivability of mulberry plantation in nursery. The problem is difficult to handle, due to the complex nature of the diseases and also involvement of various biotic and abiotic factors. This is compounded by the occurrence of disease complex (especially nematode ＋ soilborne pathogenic microbes) in established mulberry gardens, which facilitates quick spread of the disease and enhance the plant mortality, resulting substantial loss in leaf yield. Therefore, prevention and timely control measures need to be taken up to protect the mulberry plants from different soilborne plant pathogens. In this review article, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease cycle and control measures of soilborne diseases of mulberry are discussed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

Foliar treatment with different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) to mulberry plants resulted in higher level of total chlorophyll, total sugars, soluble protein, in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA), net photosynthetic rate (NPR), pWUE and leaf yield. Optimal concentration was found to be 10.0 mM KCl with limited irrigation provided in the mulberry plantation planted in 90 ${times}$ 90 cm spacing. The deleterious effect of soil moisture stress condition has been found to be overcome by KCl foliar spray twice at 15 days interval. Regression and correlation coefficients were analyzed, and a strong positive correlation was found between chlorophyll and total sugars, soluble protein and in vivo nitrate reductase activity, leaf dry weight and net photosynthetic rate and pWUE and net photosynthetic rate.