• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.1 s.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 1996

This study was carried on paper mulberry bast fibers, which were cut in the length of it's chip by three kinds. And they cooked by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium oxalate (AMOX), and pulping process was studied to inquire some properties of hand made papers. The results were as follows. AMOX pulps had $10\~17\%$ higher than NaOH, but amounts of the residual lignin of it's pulps and residual ash were high, and it surely can't be superior. In the freeness of pulps, AMOX pulps were higher than that of NaOH, but they showed tendency to opposite in view of relation of chip's length kinds. For the AMOX pulps, the physical characteristics test results were higher long fiber pulps than short fiber pulps. Specially, in folding endurance long fiber pulps were a very strong. NaOH pulp's physical characteristics test had shown results that were opposite of there of the AMOX pulps, if the length of the fiber is longer, the strengthts generally decreased. To get the optimum fiber's length according to use of paper and pulping method, they must be fractionate chip's length. The long fibers in NaOH pulps affected the paper quality greatly to length of chips.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.58-65
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• 2000

Use of a pectinase during preparing handmade papers from bast fiber of paper mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb.) was investigated in order to decrease cooking chemicals and environmental pollution. For this purpose, four kinds of commercial pectinases, Rapidase LIQ(RLP), Rapidase Press(RP), Rapidase C80L Max(RCM) and Pectinase SS Kyowa(PSK) were used. And the durability of handmade papers before and after pectinase treatment was determined. RP and PSK had higher pectinase activity ad lower cellulase activity. The bast fiber was not defibered when pectinase was used. In order to increase the efficiency of enzymes, the bast fiber were treated ammonium oxalate(AO) or $K_2CO_3$under mild conditions. The AO pretreatment with those produced by $K_2CO_3$. The RP treated pulps after mild $K_2CO_3$cooking of the bast fiber were defibrated more easily than untreated pulp. The handmade paper prepared with the RP treated pulps after mild $K_2CO_3$cooking has good strength properties such as breaking length and folding endurance. Also, it has higher durability on heat aging, though its brightness was slightly lower than that of untreated paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.22-33
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the lining papers which had been separated from six pieces of paintings and calligraphic works of the 18th and the 20th century. A total 20 kinds of lining papers were examined on the physical properties, colors, fiber morphology, and color reactions. The grammage and thickness of lining papers which had been used hanging-scroll type works were higher than those of folder types. On the other hand, the grammage and thickness of the first layer lining papers which had been separated from silk ground works were lower than those of paper ground works. All kinds of lining papers were colored from yellow to yellowish red because of unbleaching and deterioration. Through the examination on fiber morphology and color reactions, lining papers were verified that all of those were made from paper mulberry bast fiber but the first layer of the Mukjukdo. The lining paper which of the first layer of the Mukjukdo was verified that it was made from mixture of paper mulberry, hemp, and spruce pulps.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the making method and properties of Hanji(Korean traditional paper) for wallpaper for the purpose of mass production and mass consumption of Hanji. Paper mulberry fiber was longer than wood fiber in length and it had also much extractives and ash in content. Bast fiber was a little damaged in the fibrilation and beating process because it was weak in flexibility and compressive properties. Proper conditions for making two-ply and three-ply Hanji were examined and six kinds of Hanji were made on the basis of the three-ply paper making method. The sample OH(Original Hanji) 2-2 and OH 3-2 among them obtained good results in quality test by appearance from wallpaper makers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics of paper mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki) for new Korean traditional paper(Hanji). Hanji has been traditionally made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry. Besides mulberry bast part, wood core was utilized separately or in mixed forms as raw materials for the new Hanji. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. In the physical properties of the Hanjis mixed with bast part and wood core pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the wood core pulp contents. But the sheet strengths of Hanjis containing 10∼30% of wood core pulps were higher than those of the Hanji containing bast part pulp only. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of wood core pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

The humidity-control function and manufacturing characteristics of wood-wool boards using waste-paper-mulberry fiber were analyzed in this study. For the manufacture of wood-wool boards, the pulverizing times of waste-paper-mulberry fibers were controlled at 30, 60, 120, and 180 s, and the mixing amounts were controlled by adding 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, as compared to cement. Analysis of the moisture adsorption and desorption characteristics of the wood-wool boards controlled for pulverizing time revealed that the wood-wool board with 60 s of pulverized fiber exhibited the best adsorption and desorption performances. It was estimated that the adsorption and desorption performances of the material itself were adequate even when the boards were mixed because of minimal damage to the fiber. In addition, an analysis of the absorption and desorption characteristics of the fiber-mixture-controlled wood-wool boards showed that the 6%-mixed wood-wool board had the best absorption and desorption performances of 291.00 g/m² and 108.75 g/m², respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Mulberry (oddi) is one of the most popular functional foods with many physiological components. This study investigated and compared the nutritional compositions and physiological activities of four mulberry fruits from Morus albo L. including Cheongilppong, Iksuppong, Suwonppong and Cheongsuppong (a new cultivar from Chungcheongbuk-do). To analyze the nutrient contents, mulberry fruits were freeze-dried. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the four mulberry cultivars ranged from 9.61~14.11% for moisture, 8.28~11.90% for crude protein, 3.70~4.86% for crude ash, 4.28~5.54% for crude lipid and 7.46~10.78% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of mulberry cultivars were not significantly different. However, Cheongsuppong had the highest content of reducing sugar, 74.7%. Chungsuppong and Iksuppong showed higher contents of total polyphenol and anthocyanin than other mulberry cultivars, while all mulberry cultivars showed high antioxidant activities. Hypoglycemic effect had a slightly higher level in Suwonppong and Cheongsuppong than in the other samples. Taken together, the new cultivar "Cheongsu" oddi can be suggested as a potential source of functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.730-739
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• 2015

Various cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with different morphology and chemical properties were prepared for the reinforcement of sheet of paper mulberry bast fiber. Lignocellulose nanofiber (LCNF), Holocellulose nanofiber (HCNF), alkali-treated HCNF (AT-HCNF), TEMPO-oxidated nanofiber (TEMPO-NF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNF) were prepared and their addition effect on the properties of sheet of paper mulberry bast fiber were investigated. Air permeability, surface smoothness, and tensile properties were improved by increasing CNF addition. Its improvement may be due to the CNF deposited between and on paper mulberry bast fibers, which was confirmed by SEM observation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.494-501
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• 2015

A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake ($76.8{\pm}4.2g/kg\;BW^{0.75}$) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility ($55.3{\pm}1.22$; $69.9{\pm}0.85$; $46.3{\pm}1.65%$ respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets ($3.0{\pm}0.32g/d$). In contrast, the rumen ammonia ($NH_3-N$) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The $NH_3-N$ concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

The advanced and complicated modern society recognizes image creation based on the identity of the global competitive age as the important means. The requirement for a new vision to the globally environmental problem has affected on design so that as environmentally-friendly products and technologies have been developed and original expression modes have been appeared which the medium of paper which is natural material, paper has been highlighted newly. Hanji made of mulberry fiber, a bast fiber of mulberry is a representative environment-friendly natural fiber. In addition, it has various functions similar to those of yellow earth such as emission of far infrared rays, antibiosis, deodorization, fast dry ability of sweat, and simple dyeing ability. It is Hanji threads that are produced from various processes of Hanji materials. Therefore, hanji threads are able to be both woven and knitted still remaining Hanji's excellent characteristics. In addition, it is light, bio-degradable, durable and washable, and it is an environment friendly product with the distinguished texture and sensitivity. Under the concept of 'Circle' designed the uniforms of music hall to inform that the uniforms as a media representing music hall represents the unique Sori Arts Center of Jeollabuk-do traditional style.