• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.613-617
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adipogenesis is part of the cell differentiation process in which undifferentiated fibroblasts (pre-adipocytes) become mature adipocytes with the accumulation of lipid droplets and subsequent cell morphological changes. Several transcription factors and food components have been suggested to be involved in adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether mulberry leaf ethanol extract (MLEE) affects adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of MLEE for 8 days starting 2 days post-confluence. Cell viability, fat accumulation, and adipogenesis-related factors including CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), $PPAR{\gamma}$ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-$1{\alpha}$), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adiponectin were analyzed. RESULTS: Results showed that MLEE treatments at 10, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evident toxicity, all MLEE treated cells had lower fat accumulation compared with control as shown by lower absorbances of Oil Red O stain. MLEE at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ significantly reduced protein levels of $PPAR{\gamma}$, PGC-$1{\alpha}$, FAS, and adiponectin in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, protein level of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ was significantly decreased by the treatment of $100{\mu}g/ml$ MLEE. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that MLEE treatment has an anti-adipogenic effect in differentiated adipocytes without toxicity, suggesting its potential as an anti-obesity therapeutic.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of bioconversion on different components of the mulberry tree, and determined changes in the physiological activities. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of five different segments (fruit, Mori Fructus; leaf, Mori Folium; twig, Mori Ramulus; root, Mori Cortex; and mistletoe, Loranthi Ramulus) of the mulberry tree show enhanced anti-oxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylvenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, after being treated with a crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, in the following order of activity: Mori Folium>Mori Cortex>Mori Ramulus>Mori Fructus>Loranthi Ramulus. Ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of mulberry leaves (Mori Folium) that underwent bioconversion was most effective, and was devoid of any cytotoxicity. The fraction was also effective against mRNA expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6. In addition, the fraction was effective in LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and IKK, and $I{\kappa}B$ degradation, followed by translocation of the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, bioconversion increased the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the mulberry leaf.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

뽕잎과 오디를 물, 50% 에탄올, 100% 에탄올 용매를 이용하여 microwave로 추출하여 이의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 뽕잎과 오디의 전자공여작용의 측정결과 모두 용매별 차이를 보였으며, 물과 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 $65.22{\sim}81.77%$로 높은 활성을 보였다. Tyrosinase는 $20.25{\sim}21.13%$로 20% 내외의 결과를 보였으며 용매별 차이는 없었다. SOD 유사활성 측정결과 뽕잎과 오디 모두 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 활성이 감소하는 경향을 보여 물 추출물의 활성이 높게 나타났다. ACE 저해작용의 경우 모든 추출물에서 뽕잎보다 오디의 활성이 높게 나타났다. 전자공여작용, tyrosinase저해작용, SOD 유사활성 모두 물과 50% 에탄올 추출구에서 상대적으로 높은 활성을 보였으나, ACE 저해 작용의 경우 100% 에탄올 추출구에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH의 증가에 따라 그 활성이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 뽕잎과 오디 추출구의 경우 SOD 유사활성, 티로시나제 저해 효과, ACE 저해활성, 아질산염 소거작용에서는 낮은 결과를 보였지만 어느 정도의 활성을 보였으며, 우수한 전자공여작용이 있는 것으로 판단되므로 추출 시 시료의 양이나 추출물의 농도를 조금씩 높여 준다면 천연 항산화제로서의 이용가능성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2017

This study examined the laxative effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which contains high levels of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, against loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal group (N) and three experimental groups; loperamide treated group (C), loperamide and LAB-fermented MLE 300 mg/kg treated group (MLEL), and loperamide and LAB-fermented MLE 600 mg/kg treated group (MLEH). After 33 d, fecal pellet amount, fecal weight, water content of fecal, gastrointestinal transit time and length, and serum lipid profiles were measured. Constipation was induced via subcutaneous injection of loperamide (2.0 mg/kg b. w., twice a day) for the final 5 d of the experiment. After loperamide administration, the LAB-fermented MLE groups showed a significantly increase in the fecal pellets number, wet weight, and water content in rats compared with the C group. Moreover, increases in the intestinal length and viable Lactobacillus numbers in the feces were observed in the LAB-fermented MLE groups. The intestinal transit time was shorter in the LAB-fermented MLE groups than in the C group. In addition, the LAB-fermented MLE groups showed a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and an increase in HDL-cholesterol level. These results indicated that oral administration of LAB-fermented MLE shows laxative effect in loperamide-induced constipated rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.823-831
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• 2015

뽕나무를 이용한 당뇨, 고혈압 및 노화 개선용 고부가가치의 기능성 소재 및 제품을 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 먼저 뽕나무 부위별(오디, 상엽, 상지, 상백피) 물 및 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여 그들의 항산화, 항당뇨, 항염증 및 미백 활성을 in vitro assay를 이용하여 각각 측정하였으며, 아울러 각부위별 주된 기능성 성분의 함량을 HPLC를 이용하여 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 뽕나무 부위별 물 및 에탄올 추출물의 생리활성 및 기능성 성분의 함량을 측정한 결과 거의 대부분 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 활성과 함량이 높았다. 잠상상물 중 오디, 상백피 및 상지 에탄올 추출물이 가장 강한 항산화($IC_{50}=128.4{\mu}g/mL$), ${\alpha}$-glucosidase($IC_{50}=12.0{\mu}g/mL$) 및 lipoxygenase($IC_{50}=36.3{\mu}g/mL$)와 tyrosinase($IC_{50}=410.3{\mu}g/mL$) 저해 활성을 각각 나타내었다. 한편 오디에는 anthocyanin(cyanidin 3-glucoside: 213.20 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid(123.61 mg/100 g) 및 rutin(66.51 mg/100 g)이, 상엽에는 다량의 chlorogenic acid(514.97 mg/100 g)가 함유되어 있었으며, 특히 에탄올 추출물에는 물 추출물에 존재하지 않는 항당뇨 및 항고혈압성 quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)glucoside(143.25 mg/100 g) 및 kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)glucoside(30.25 mg/100 g) 성분이 존재하였다. 상지 및 상백피에는 항염증 및 항노화성 oxyresveratrol 성분이 주성분으로 존재하였으며, 특히 상지 추출물에는 oxyres-veratrol glycoside(48.90 mg/100 g) 및 aglycone(21.88 mg/100 g) 성분이 다 존재하는 반면, 상백피에는 oxyresveratrol glycoside(724.05 mg/100 g)가 거의 대부분 차지하고 있었다. 또한 상백피(223.90 mg/100 g) 및 상엽(86.07 mg/100 g)에는 항당뇨 및 항고혈압성 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid 및 1-deoxynojirimycin 함량이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 항산화성이 강한 오디 및 상엽 추출물과 항당뇨, 항염증 및 미백 활성이 높은 상지 및 상백피 추출물을 적절히 혼합한 성인병 예방용 고부가가치 잠상산물 복합제품의 개발이 요구되고 있으며, 현재 항당뇨 및 항염증 활성이 강한 상지 및 상백피 물 추출물을 이용한 기능성 음료 및 와인 개발과 더불어 항염증 및 미백 활성이 높은 상지 및 상백피 에탄올 추출물을 이용한 여드름 개선 및 미백 한방화장품 개발에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Objectives : Mori Follium (Morus alba L. leaf) has been cultivated in many Asian countries. Especially, mulberry leaf has been used as an anti-diabetic remedy in oriental medicine. However, anti-obesity effect of mulberry has not been unknown. In this study, our objectives of study is to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of mulberry water extract (MLE) and to reveal potential molecular anti-obesity mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation model.Methods : The cytotoxicity of MLE in 3T3-L1 was examined by MTT assay. Anti-adipogenic effect of MLE was evaluated by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, inhibitor assay was employed. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors such as PPARγ and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.Results : The MLE treatment for 24 h did not affect to the 3T3-L1 cells at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 ㎍/㎖. Thus, non-toxic concentration rages of MLE were used during adipogenesis period (day -2 to 7). Intracellular lipid accumulation in MLE-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (day 6) were quantitatively evaluated by ORO staining. The MLE treatment significantly and dose-dependently suppressed 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by 60.42%, 38.24%, and 5.97% at 10, 100, and 200 ㎍/㎖, respectively. In addition, our inhibitor assay and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the MLE-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through inhibition of PPARγ mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings indicate that the MLE could be used in prevent and/or treatment of obesity-related diseases.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2017

본 연구는 일상에서 흔히 차로 음용되고 있는 녹차잎, 마테잎, 뽕잎이 치아우식원인균으로 알려진 S. mutans에 미치는 항균효과를 알아보고자 하였다. S. mutans를 추출물이 첨가된 배지에 1%씩 접종하고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 6시간과 10시간동안 배양한 후 흡광도 및 세균 집락수를 측정하였다. 녹차잎, 마테잎, 추출물은 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0%의 농도로 배지에 첨가하였다. S. mutans의 성장억제효과를 확인한 결과, 농도가 높을수록 colony의 수가 현저히 줄어드는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 2% 추출물을 첨가하고 10시간 후 세균 집락수를 측정하였을 때 녹차잎은 99.0%, 뽕잎은 97.1%, 마테잎에서는 89.6%의 높은 성장억제율을 나타내었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5646-5657
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 뽕잎차와 Monascus pilosus로 발효시킨 뽕잎차가 ICR mouse의 체중과 간 조직 항산화계 효소류의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 음용수 대신 1% 열수 추출액을 8주간 급여하고 체중, 장기중량, 혈액 및간기능 바이오 마커들의 변화를 관찰하였다. Mice는 뽕잎차(UMI)와 발효뽕잎차의 열수추출액 급여군(FMI) 및 정상대조군(NC) 등 3개군으로 나누었다. 차 추출액을 급여한 군들은 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나 NC군에 비하여 체중 증가량이 감소하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤, 동맥경화 지수는 유의한 수준의 감소를 보였으며, 간 조직의 lipid peroxide (LPO) 함량 및 xanthin oxidase (XO) 활성의 감소와 glutathione S-transferase (GST) 활성의 유의적인 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과, 뽕잎차 및 M. pilosus로 발효시킨 뽕잎차는 체중감소 효과가 있으며 간 조직 손상과 관련된 항산화계 효소의 활성을 높여주는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2000

The effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract(MLE) on oxidative stress and membrane fluidity in brain membranes of SD rats fed with 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day were carried out for 6 weeks. Cholesterol accumulations resulted in a consistent decreases (4.6% and 5.6%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Membrane fluidities were dose-dependently increased (2.2% and 5.1%, 5.0% and 15.2%) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Basal oxygen radicals(BORs) in brain mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (15.7% and 25.1%, 9.0% and 12.4%, respectively) by MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals(IORs) in brain mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (8.9% and 13.1%, 16.5% and 23.2%, respectively) by MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.5% and 18.1%, 7.6% and 12.3%) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were dose-dependently decreased (4.3% and 14.2%, 10.0% and 10.9%, respectively) in brain microsomes of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that MLE may play an effective role in an attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity in brain membranes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

There has been a lot of interest in medicinal effects for hyperlipidemia from the natural product since the therapy of atherosclerosis has emerged as social concern. Rats were acclimated to the feeding environment for one week and induced to obesity with high fat diet during 4 weeks until their body weight were more than 30% of normal range. To evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia of mulberry leaf of Morus alba and yacon tuber of Smallanthus sonchifolia extracts (MLYT), 1%, 3%, 5% of MLYT were treated to Sprague-Dawley rats. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly increased 26.2% in high fat diet group (G2) compared to normal diet group (G1) (P<0.05). But AST were significantly decreased in high fat diet with 0.5% hydroxycitric acid diet group (G3) and all the MLYT treated groups compared to G2. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and phospholipids were observed significant improvements in the MLYT-treated groups (P<0.05). These improvements in liver and feces were further supported by the lipid content. MLYT remarkably suppressed the level of lipid peroxidation caused by high-fat diet in rats. The level of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. As a result, the proper combination of mulberry leaves and yacon tuber extract will have a synergistic effect on hyperlipidemia. These results indicate that MLYT could be a candidate for the improvement of hyperlipidemia.