• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBB) with chemical (NPK) fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry variety Kanva-2. Their influences on silkworm growth and cocoon characters were also studied. Ten different CBB and NPK fertilizer treatments were given to 5000 plants of established mulberry garden. Treatments were of four types viz., (i) T1 to T7: single and combination dose of CBB+50% NPK (ii) T8: combination dose of CBB + 25%NPK, (iii) T9: CBB only and (iv) T10: control-l00% NPK. Soil pH decreased and nutrients status increased in CBB (T1- T9) treated plots. Average of ten crops data on quantitative traits revealed that T7 (CBB [N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0) and S. millei (1.0 g)] + 50% NPK) was very effective in improving growth parameters. Leaf yield was also found high in treatment T7 (32.12 tons/ha/yr.) followed by T10 (31.17 tons/ha/yr.) and T8 (27.67 tons/ha/yr.). Leaf quality characters were found high in T7 and low in T9. Most of the quality traits in T7 are on par with control no. The results revealed that reduction in the dose of chemical fertilizers in T7 did not affect the leaf yield and leaf quality traits of mulberry. This clearly indicates that the efficiency of CBB (T7) provides nitrogen, increases essential nutrients available in soil, maintain soil pH and supply growth substances required for the improvement of leaf yield and leaf quality of mulberry. Bioassay study also revealed no significant difference in silkworm growth and cocoon characters between treatments T7 and T10. Economics calculated revealed that T7 is highly economical and beneficial over T10 by gaining an amount of Rs. 660/-/acre/crop. Thus, treatment T7 containing N. muscorum (1.0 g), A. variahilis (1.0 g) and S. millei (1.0 g) + 50% NPK fertilizers can be recommended to sericulturists mainly to reduce the use of NPK fertilizers, by saving 50% of its cost and to improve soil fertility conditions, which in turn improves leaf yield and quality of mulberry.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2002

본 연구는 천연 자원인 뽕나무에서 혈당강하 효능을 가진 뽕잎(상엽)의 열수 추출법을 이용하여 상엽 추출물의 공정화 확립과 Formulation 개발을 위해 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 및 한약재를 첨가한 시제품을 동물실험을 통하여 Formulation을 최종 결정하여 제품화하여 기능성 음료를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 상엽 추출의 최적 조건은 상엽 크기는 3mm 이하로 하고, 2/3 정도 packing된 면포자루로 포장된 상엽을 사용하며, 상엽 사용량은 50~100 g/L, 추출 온도는 9$0^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간은 2 hr으로 하였으며 이때 수율은 20~25%였다. 또한 시료 배합에 따른 혈당강하 실험을 통하여 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 의 농도는 각각 1%, 0.1%일 때 혈당강하 작용이 가장 우수하였으며 부재료로 사용된 둥글레는 상엽추출물의 10% 첨가한 경우가 혈당강하작용이 가장 컸으며, polydextrose도 효과가 있으므로 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

In relation to the global increase trend of obesity population, there is a demand for the development of foods having high functional activity by mass-extracting anti-obesity active substances using mulberry product such as leaf and fruit. Therefore, we evaluated the antiobesity efficacy according to varieties by using the mulberry leaves and fruit extracts. At the same time, high active varieties were selected. For this purpose, the effects of the extracts of the mulberry leaf and fruit on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were examined. As a result, in the case of mulberry leaves, the lipid accumulation inhibitory rate of 'Cheongolppong' was higher than that of the control at $500{\mu}g/ml$ treatment. And in the case of the extract of mulberry fruit, 'Daesim' showed the highest lipid accumulation inhibitory rate compared with the control at 50 times of diluted extract.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2011

Morus alba (Mulberry) leaves were exposed to fermentation for varying amounts of time: no fermentation (0 min, MANF), medial fermentation (10 h, MAMF), and full fermentation (24 h, MAFF). The chemical compositions of the teas were determined and compared with those of commercial Camellia sinensis teas. The results showed that mulberry leaf teas contained significantly higher amounts of ash and fat than Camellia sinensis tea. Compared with Camellia sinensis teas, all mulberry leaf teas contained significantly more total free amino acids (24.26~54.25mg L-glutamic acid equivalent $g^{-1}$), but the concentration of caffeine was relatively low for mulberry leaf teas. High thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin contents were found in all mulberry leaf teas, but ascorbic acid and pyridoxine were found at higher levels in Camellia sinensis teas than in mulberry leaf teas. Color measurements demonstrated that mulberry leaf tea infusions generally had lower $a^*$ (greenness) and $b^*$ (yellowness) values than Camellia sinensis tea infusions. All infusions exhibited low turbidity levels (less than 10%). The contents of total phenols were measured as 71.8 and 74.9mg 100 $ml^{-1}$ infusion in MANF and MAFF, respectively, but the MAMF tea infusion showed significantly lower total phenols (64.6mg 100$ml^{-1}$ infusion). The total flavonoid contents of mulberry leaf tea infusions were lower (8.9~20.6mg 100 $ml^{-1}$ infusion) than those of Camellia sinensis teas and thus had lower antioxidant capacities (DPPH: 326.8~526.9 ${\mu}M$ trolox equivalent $g^{-1}$ and FRAP: 364.6~387.6 ${\mu}M$ trolox equivalent $g^{-1}$) than Camellia sinensis teas. The amounts of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and rutin were higher in fermented mulberry leaf teas; the level of GABA increased with increasing fermentation time and the content was highest in MAFF, but rutin content was highest in MAMF.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2002

Mulberry Leaf (Morus-alba) is effective on reducing blood sugar increase and cholesterol in the blood. The objective of this study is to elucidate the sensory and physicochemical attributes of Mulberry Leaf Boogag with different amounts of glutinous rice paste and ginger juice. Mulberry Leaf Boogag, steamed for 90 seconds, was made by puffing the glutinous rice paste and ginger juice. The ratio of glutinous rice paste is made of a double, quintuple, and octuple proportion of water to the weight of the glutinous rice paste. The ratio of ginger juice is at a rate of one, three and five percent. According to the sensory evaluation, hardness and crispiness increased as the glutinous rice paste did, and ginger flavor, bitterness and sourness increased as the ginger juice did. Optimal conditions(p<0.05) were set when the value of hardness was more than five, and the value of bitterness and bitingness, lower than five. The optimal condition of Mulberry Leaf Boogag was established when the ratio of water to glutinous rice paste was 5.5, and in addition, 3.75 percent of ginger juice must be in proportion.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

1995년 봄(5월 13일, 5월 26일, 6월 9일)과 1995년 가울(8월 21일, 9월 4일, 9월 18일)에 각각 채취한 개량뽕 품종의 뽕잎을 자연건조한 것, 뽕잎을 3분동안 찌는 것, 데치는 것 등 전처리를 하여 건조시킨 후 만든 뽕잎가루를 밀가루 무게의 5, 10, 20% 섞은 후 뽕국수를 제조하여 그 물리적 특성 및 유용성분의 함량변화를 조사하였다. 생엽에 대한 건조분말의 수율은 20% 정도이며, 뽕국수 이용에 적당한 분말도 100mesh를 통과하는 수율은 6% 내외이다. 관능검사 결과 봄 때 뽕가루를 밀가루 대비 10% 혼합하였을 때 가장 양호하였다. 시기별 뽕잎중 rutin의 함량은 뽕잎의 채취시기가 늦을수록 낮았다. 5월 13일 3분찜의 경우 319mg/100g DW인데 비해 5월 26일과 6월 9일의 처리에는 111mg/100g DW, 43mg/100g DW으로 각각 감소하였다. 찌거나 데쳐서 분말화하였을 경우 rutin 함량은 자연건조한 뽕잎분말에 비해 각각 63%, 17%에 불과하였다. 시기별 뽕잎중의 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) 함량도 채취시기가 경과할수록 감소하여 5월 13일 0.277mg/g FW에 비해 6월 9일에는 그것의 60%까지 감소하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2010

뽕잎분말 첨가량을 달리하여 뽕잎가루 첨가빵 제조시 반죽의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 뽕잎분말의 조단백질은 21.25${\pm}$0.19%로 밀가루의 12.46${\pm}$0.06%보다 높았으며, 조섬유는 18.23${\pm}$0.1%로 밀가루에 비해 높은 함량을 보였고, 반죽의 초미세구조는 뽕잎분말 첨가량 증가 시 글루텐의 망상구조가 불연속적이고 파열된 상태로 불안정하였으며 반죽 혼합 시 글루텐 형성을 저해하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 반죽의 물리적 특성인 파리노그램의 반죽도달시간은 뽕잎분말 증가 시 대조구에 비해 시간이 다소 연장되었으며 반죽형성시간은 길어졌고, 안정도는 뽕잎분말 2.0% 이상 첨가구부터 낮았으며 약화도는 증가하였다. 아밀로그램 특성의 호화개시온도는 뽕잎분말 증가 시 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았고 최고점도온도는 뽕잎분말 첨가구와 대조구와의 차이를 보이지 않았으며 최고점도는 뽕잎분말 증가 시 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 익스텐소그램 특성은 뽕잎분말 첨가량 증가시 반죽의 저항도는 크게 감소하였고 신장도의 값도 시간의 경과에 따라 감소하였다. 신장도와 저항도 값의 비율인 R/E값의 변화는 뽕잎분말 증가에 따라 시간 경과 시 R/E값은 감소하였으며, 뽕잎분말을 첨가하는 경우는 반죽의 가스 보유력과 발효 내구력이 밀가루만 사용할 경우보다는 구조가 약화되는 것으로 나타나 제빵시 반죽의 점탄성을 보완하는 산화제, 제빵개량제 등 새로운 원료를 첨가하는 배합비 수정 및 공정의 변화를 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

본 연구는 유화형 소시지에 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 각각 0.04와 0.08% 수준으로 첨가하여 지방산화, 잔존 아질산염 함량, 휘발성 염기태질소(VBN)함량 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 지방산화도를 나타내는 TB-ARS는 저장 45일까지 대조구와 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 첨가한 소시지간에 차이가 없었지만, 저장 60일에는 뽕잎 및 감잎분 말 0.04% 첨가한 소시지가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 TBARS를 나타내었다. 잔존 아질산염 함량은 뽕잎 및 감잎 분말을 첨가한 소시지가 낮게 나타났다. 휘발성 염기태질소 ;VBN)함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 대조구와 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 첨가한 소시지 모두 증가하였다. 지방산 조성은 뽕잎 및 감잎분말을 첨가한 소시지가 PUFA/SFA 비율이 높게 나타났다. 이상에서 뽕잎과 감잎분말을 첨가하여 유화형 소시지를 제조하였을 때 휘발성 염기태질소 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 소시지의 지방산화를 감소시키면서 잔존 아질산 염을 낮추는 기능성 있는 제품 생산이 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2002

Mulberry being the only food of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is of great economic importance to the silk industry, The success in cocoon production mainly depends on the supply of quality leaves in sufficient quantity. In mulberry, where the economic product is leaf, the uptake of nitrogen from soil is very heavy and high responses to application of nutrients have been reported. Nitrogen supports vegetative growth particularly the leaf biomass. Variation in nitrogen harvest index and other physiological and yield contributing traits were estimated in five mulberry genotypes. Considerable variation was observed for nitrogen harvest index, protein yield per plant and harvest index. The correlation studies indicated the protein yield per plant was significantly correlated with leaf yield, nitrogen content in leaf, nitrogen harvest index and harvest index. The broad sense heritability estimates revealed that harvest index showed highest heritability (88.07%) followed by nitrogen content (82.52%), protein yield (70.28%) and nitrogen harvest index (66.52%).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

Mulberry leaves containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) have been recognized as a potentially important source for prevent or treat hyperglycemia. However, DNJ content of natural mulberry leaf are as low as 0.1%. Thus, the most effective method for increasing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the DNJ high-production is needed. In this study, we investigated the influence of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity according to different pH values (6-9) and inoculation amounts (0.1-0.5%) when Bacillus subtilis cultured on mulberry leaf powder media. We confirmed that ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was difference according to culture conditions of different pH values, inoculation amounts, and fermentation times. The results of mulberry leaf fermentation according to pH values and inoculation amounts were shown that the optimal conditions for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity were defined as pH 7 and 9, inoculation amount 0.4%, and incubation until 2 to 4 days. These results can be provided a basic data for the optimal culture conditions increasing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity from mulberry leaf fermentation.