• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1962

These works were carried on to study the damage due to agricultural chemicals on silkworm and to find out the best ways to use them, considering, in the horticultural field, the utilization of them has rapidly been increased. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) The mulberry leaves being more than 100m from the horticultural field used the agricultural chemicals did not harm the silkworm. 2) Even if the mulberry leaves were located less than loom from the horticultural field sprayed with the chemicals, the silkworms were not injured after washing the mulberry leaves which were attached with the chemicals. 3) The chemicals, E.P.N., B. H. C. 2%, and Selesan were more seriously injured to silkworm than the other ones.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1978

The root-out of mulberry saplings has been studied by pour into soil and spray on leaves of the plant growth substances. In addition, the effect of "Rutin", a kind of plant growth hormones has been also studied on promoting the rootability of mulberry scions by dipping the scions at the various concentrations. The results are summarized as follows: (1) It is likely to be effective on acceleration of the rootability resulting in increase of rooting ratio by pour into soil at the concentration of 1 ppm and 10 ppm NAA, 10 ppm and 100 ppm Rutin, and 5000 fold solution of Atonic, respectively (2) Growth of branch is only promoted by leaf spray of 0.5% urea, 0.005% and 0.01% Rutin, and 5000 fold solution of Atonic without increasing the root weight. (3) It seems that 0.05% of Rutin is of practical use, and 0.05% to 0.4% of "Rutin" accelerates the root-out of mulberry scions as well as NAA does.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2000

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between abiotic factors and the population of white-fly (Dialeuropora decempuncta) in mulberry field. The study reveals that relationship between abiotic factors and the whitefly population is very much existent like other pests in other agricultural crops. Duration and time of distinct occurrence of whitefly in mulberry is influenced by the abiotic conditions of field. Abiotic parameters of previous month are more important in influencing the intensity of the pest than the current abiotic factors. Not all the abiotic factors are equally important but factors like minimum temperature, fluctuation in temperature during the days minimum relative humidity, fluctuation in relative humidity and rainfall are the major important lactors in influencing the intensity of the pest under consideration.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.830-836
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• 2011

The leaf of mulberry (Morus alba L) has long been used in Oriental medicine for the prevention or treatment of several diseases. However, little is known about the inhibitory effects of a single compound isolated from the mulberry leaves on inflammatory response. We are isolate a single compound of quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) and astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside) from the mulberry leaves, and then investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin, astragalin or quercetin plus astragalin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Each compound suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, $PGE_2$ and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, the cotreatment of quercetin (2.5 ${\mu}M$) and astragalin (2.5 ${\mu}M$) markedly suppressed the production and the expression of inflammatory mediators. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. These results suggest that the combination of quercetin and astragalin from the mulberry leaves may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.4 s.88
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• pp.459-465
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• 2005

It has been known that the mulberry leaf is effective in many diseases. Nowadays, the pharmacological effects on diabetes mellitus of mulberry leaves have been confirmed and they are used for many aspects. And Mulberry leaves are also hewn to be effective in the prevention of diabetics, because of their rich amino acids and fibers. From the results of sensory evaluation, the addition of up to $0.5\%$ MLP(mulberry leaf patty), to the chicken patties induced no significant differences in texture, appearance, and color until $0.5\%$ adding of MLP. However, chicken patties with added $0\%$, and $0.25\%$ added of MLP were shown have the highest acceptability, so these levels were thought to be the proper addition amounts of MLP to the chicken patty. Brightness(L) of these patties was the highest in the $0\%$ group as (55.63) and decreased with increasing adding amount of MLP level. Redness(a) was decreased with increasing adding amount of MLP and appeared as ueenish. Yellowness(b) was the lowest in the $0\%$ MLP addition group as (13.31) and increased with increasing MLP level. Hardness was the highest in the chicken patty with $0.25\%$ added MLP, and the lowest value in the chicken patty with $0.5\%$ added MLP. Cohesiveness was the highest in $0\%$ added MLP added chicken patty and springiness was the highest in $0.5\%$ added MLP added chicken patty. But not significantly. Also Brittleness was similar among the various chicken patties with no significantly difference. As for the composition of fatty acids in the chicken patties with added MLP, saturated fatty acids were decreased and unsaturated fatty acids were increased with increasing MLP Especially, the contents of essential fatty acids showed a largely increasing tendency in the chicken patties with added MLP Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were increased to $9.38mg\%,\;0.65mg\%\;and\;1.28mg\%$, respectively in chicken patty with $1.0\%$ added MLP.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

The morphological and chemical characteristics of leaves and fruits were observed in the three mulberry varieties, including Daeryugppong(Morus Lhou(Ser.) koidz), Kugsang 20(Morus Lhou(Ser.) koidz) and Cataneo(Morus alba L.). The leaf development in spring was earliest in Cataneo and latest in Kugsang. Content of total nitrogen and Mg in leaf was the highest in Cataneo while that of P2O5, K and Ca in Daeryukppong. Flowers started to bloom from May 8 and in full bloom around May 15. Mature fruits began to set from June 10 to 15 and lasted by July 10 in Cataneo. Average fruit weight was heaviest in Kugsang 20(3.52 g/fruit), while lowest in Daeryukppong(1.61 g/fruit). In fruits, glucose and fructose were the major sugars. Citric acid was the most abundant organic acid in three varieties with its average content from 0.8 to 0.14%. The major pigment in fruit was anthocyanin and its content varied among varieties. The stability of anthocyanin was evaluated under various pH, temperature, and sugar concentrations. Rutin was the major flavonol glycoside present in fruits and its content varied from 0.92 to 3.36 mg/gDW. Other flavonol glycosides such as isoquercitrin and quercitrin were also detected in fruit.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2011

Impact of pruning date, shoot age and weather parameters on the severity and development of grey leaf spot (Pseudocercospora mori) of mulberry was studied. The disease severity (%) increased with increase in shoot age irrespective of pruning date. Maximum disease severity was observed in plants pruned during second week of October and minimum in plants pruned during last week of December. Significant (P<0.05) influence of date of pruning, shoot age and their interaction was observed on the severity of the disease. Apparent infection rate (r) was significantly higher during plant growth period from day-48 to day-55. Average apparent rate was higher in plants pruned during first week of September and least in plants pruned during third and fourth week of December. Multiple regression analysis revealed contribution of various combinations of weather parameters on the disease severity. A linear prediction model [$Y=66.05+(-1.39)x_1+(-0.219)x_4$] with significant $R^2$ was developed for prediction of the disease under natural epiphytotic condition.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the growth inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes by mycelial culture broth of Paecilomyces japonica in the Mulberry leaf extract. The growth inhibition effect of P. japonica mycelial culture broth against P. acnes in various concentration of Mulberry leaf extract was the most effective in 3% Mulberry leaf extract. The inhibition effect of P. japonica mycelial culture broth against P. acnes according to the culture time was the moust effective after 25 days mycelial cultivation. As the treating amount of the mycelial culture broth was increased, the growth inhibition effect against P. acnes was increased gradually. The growth inhibition effect of mycelial culture broth against P. acnes according to the time of heat treatment was active by 45min at $100^{\circ}C$, while it was inactive more than 60min at $100^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that the antibacterial materials are possible to be glycoside or peptides. Taken together P. japonica mycelial culture in the Mulbarry leaf extract has a possibility to be an element of skin-care cosmetics regulating the acnes.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2002

The morphorogical characteristics of the Morus tiliaefolia growing wild in the Korean peninsula are as follows. The chromosome number of somatic cell is 2n=84,that is hexaploid. The shape of male inflorescence is a long cylinder shape of 3.6∼6.0 cm. The length of female inflorescence is 1.8 cm, red violet or violet and the weight of mulberry fruits is 1.39∼1.65 g. The winter bud is very big in comparison with the branch and the accessory bud does not exist. The leaf is big and lobed leaf or entire leaf, the density of lenticell is 9.42$\pm$1.29 ㎠. The length of leaf trichome is 236∼438 ㎛ and the distribution density is 16∼37/25 ㎟ and heigh density of leaf back. The trichome shape of the leaf surface is cylinder shaped, in the leaf back it is thin and long corn shaped.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content in the regional, varietal and seasonal mulberry leaves. On average, mulberry leaf samples contained minerals in the order of potassiumi phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and so on (2.494 g/100 g, 2.255 g/100 g, 1.835 g/100 g, 0.627 g/100 g, 0.0245 g/100 g DW, respectively). Calcium content was 19-fold and 4-fold higher than that of green tea and spinach, respectively, suggesting that mulberry loaves appear to be a calcium-rich food source. In the comparison of geographic samples of Cheongilppong variety, calcium bevel was highest in Youngchun sample (2.477 g/100 g) and highest potassium level in Suwon sample (2.962 g/100 g). In the geographic samples of YK209 variety, Jinju-City sample was highest in calcium content (1.509 g/100 g). Among wild mulberry loaves collected from Cheju Island and Tsushima, potassium level was highest in Bongge-dong, Cheiu City (3.865 g/100 g) and calcium level in Mitshshima Town, Tsushima (2.948 g/100 g). In the comparison of varietal samples collected in Suwon at the mulberry field of Dept. of Sericulture & entomology, Shinkwangppong variety was highest in the potassium levels although Keryangppong and Shinkwangppong were higher in calcium revel. In the comparison of seasonal samples of Cheongilppong, there was a rough trend of increase in some minerals up to July (e.g., calcium rind )potassium). Finding of the highest calcium and potassium contents in the wild mulberry (3.865 g/100 g and 2.948 g/100 g, respectively) rather than in the cultivated ones warrant that more focus should be paid to wild mulberry leaves to utilize their minerals effciently.