• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.309-322
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• 2018

Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) occurs in rocks and soils as a result of natural weathering and human activities. It is proved that inhalation of asbestos fibers can lead to increase risk of developing several diseases such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. The parent rocks of asbestos have been mainly associated with (ultra)mafic and carbonate rock. The previous studies on NOA were mainly limited to (ultra)mafic rock-hosted asbestos, but studies on carbonate rock-hosted asbestos are relatively rare in S. Korea. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine mineralogical characteristics of carbonate rock-hosted NOA at three sites including Muju and Jangsu, Jeonbuk province and Asan, Chungnam province. Types of rocks at the three sites mainly consisted of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks, carbonate rock, and Cretaceous and Jurassic granites. Asbestos-containing carbonate rock samples were obtained for mineralogical characterization. XRD, PLM, EPMA, SEM and EDS analyses were used to characterize mineralogical characteristics of the carbonate rock-hosted NOA. From the carbonate rock, fibrous minerals were occurred acicular and columnar forms in the three sites. Fibrous minerals were composed of mainly tremolite and associated minerals included possibly asbestos containing materials (ACM) such as talc, vermiculite, and sepiolite. The length and aspect ratios of tremolite were similar to the standard asbestiform (length >$5{\mu}m$, length:width = 3:1). These results indicate that both non-asbestiform and asbestiform tremolite with acicular forms occurred in carbonate rocks at three sites. Geological and geochemical characteristics and mineral assemblages indicate tremolite and associated minerals might be formed by hydrothermal alternation and/or hydrothermal veins of carbonate rocks due to intrusion of acidic igneous rocks.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.3 s.48
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• pp.135-145
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• 1981

Vegetables including Chinese cabbage and radish have been grown in alpine areas such as Muju, Namweon, Jinan and Jangsu during the shortage period of vegetables. The incidence of various diseases, environmental factors such as temperatures and rainfalls, and aphid populations as virus vector were observed at 10-day intervals from July to September in those areas. Disease incidence showed no significant difference among locations. Major diseases in Chin ese cabbage were bacterial soft rot, white spot, downy mildew, mosaic virus, Alternaria leaf spot and Fusarium seedling blight. Major diseases in radish were virus, white rust, black rot, root rot, leaf spot and Fusarium seedling blight. Disease incidence reached peak on Aug. 20 with $27\%$ infection in radish and with $20\%$ infection in Chinese cabbage during the growing season, and declined thereafter. Percentage of infection in each growth stage showed $25\%$ at root thickening stage and $26\%$ at the harvest time in radish; and the head formation stage, $24\%$ at the harvest time. The data indicate that disease incidence in radish increased rapidly at late growing stage and progressively increased in Chinese cabbage Seedling blight caused by Fusarium sp. and root rot caused by Aphanomyces sp. were also observed in those areas. Cool and wet weather appeared to be favorable for disease incidences during the rainy period of growing season although average temperature was about $25^{\circ}C$. Populations of aphids were lower in the alpine vegetable growing area than that of flat areas. Aphids as virus vectors from total aphids collected were $73.5\%$ or 289 virus vectors /993 total aphids in Namweon and $18.1\%$ or 31 virus vectors/171 total aphids in Muju. The most prerevalent species of aphids was Myzus persicae Sulz.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.575-583
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze Taekwondo trends according to news articles by year by applying topic modeling. In order to examine the Taekwondo trend through media reports, articles including news articles and Taekwondo specialized media articles were collected through Big Kinds of the Korea Press Foundation. The search period was divided into three sections: before 2000, 2001~2010, and 2011~2020. A total of 12,124 items were selected as research data. For topic analysis, pre-processing was performed, and topic analysis was performed using the LDA algorithm. In this case, python 3 was applied for all analysis. First, as a result of analyzing the topics of media articles by year, 'World' was the most common keyword before 2000. 'South and North Korea' was next common and 'Olympic' was the third commonest topic. From 2001 to 2010, 'World' was the most common topic, followed by 'Association' and 'World Taekwondo'. From 2011 to 2020, 'World', 'Demonstration', and 'Kukkiwon' was the most common topic in that order. Second, as a result of analyzing news articles before 2000 by topic modeling, topics were divided into two categories. Specifically, Topic 1 was selected as 'South-North Korea sports exchange' and Topic 2 was selected as 'Adoption of Olympic demonstration events'. Third, as a result of analyzing news articles from 2001 to 2010 by topic modeling, three topics were selected. Topic 1 was selected as 'Taekwondo Demonstration Performance and Corruption', Topic 2 was selected as 'Muju Taekwondo Park Creation', and Topic 3 was selected as 'World Taekwondo Festival'. Fourth, as a result of analyzing news articles from 2011 to 2020 by topic modeling, three topics were selected. Topic 1 was selected as 'Successful Hosting of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics', Topic 2 was selected as 'North-South Korea Taekwondo Joint Demonstration Performance', and Topic 3 was selected as '2017 Muju World Taekwondo Championships'.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.365-368
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• 2008

Adult longevity and fecundity of the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, were studied at $12.5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ with $60{\sim}70%$ RH under 16L:8D and the results were put together to build a life table. The longevity of foxglove gradually increased with decreasing temperature below $25^{\circ}C$. Also total fecundity increased with decreasing temperature and highest fecundity was 74.1 nymphs per female at $15^{\circ}C$. However, daily fecundity increased with increasing temperatures up to $20^{\circ}C$ showing 2.9 nymphs per day and thereafter decreased. Net reproduction rate ($R_0$) was highest of 58.7 at $15^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of increase per day ($r_m$) and the finite rate of increase per day (${\lambda}$) were highest of 0.27 and 1.32, respectively and the doubling time (Dt) was shortest of 2.52. the mean generation time (T) was 10.99 at $22.5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.484-494
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• 2004

The Soowang Au-Ag deposits occur as quartz veins which filled fissures in middle Cretaceous porphyritic granite an/or gneiss of the Precambrian Sobaegsan gneiss complex. The paragenetic studies suggest that vein filling can be divided into four identifiable stages (I to IV). Stage I is the main sulfide stage, characterized by the deposition of base-metal sulfide and minor electrum. Stage II is the electrum stage, whereas stage III represents a period of the deposition of silver-bearing sulfosalts and minor electrum. Stage IV is the post ore stage. Mineralogical and fluid inclusion evidences suggest that mineralization of the Soowang deposits were deposited by the cooling of the fluids from initial high temperatures 300$^{\circ}C$ to later low temperatures 150$^{\circ}C$. The salinity of the fluids were moderate, ranging from 10.4wt.% equivalent NaCl in sphalerite to 3.1wt.% equivalent NaCl in barite. The gold-silver mineralization of the Soowang mine occurred at temperatures between 140 and 250$^{\circ}C$ from fluids with log $fs_2$ from -12 to -18 atm. A consideration of the pressure regime during ore deposition, based on the fluid inclusion evidence of boiling, suggests lithostatic pressure of less than 210 bars. This pressure condition indicates that vein system of the Soowang deposit formed at depth around 800 m below the surface at the time of gold-silver mineralization.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-398
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• 1999

The Narim gold mine is located approimately 200km southeast of Seoul within the Muju mineralized district of the Sobaegsan gneiss complex, Korea. Environmental geochemistry were undertaken for various kinds of water (surface, ground and mine water) collected of April, September and November in 1998 from the narim mine creek. Hydrogeochemical compositions of water samples are characterized by the relatively significant enrichment of Na+K, alkali ions, $HCO_{3}$, $NO_{3}$, Cl and F in groundwater, wheras the mine and surface waters are relatively enriched in Ca+Mg, hea표 metals and $SO_{4}$. Therefore, the groundwaters belong to the (Na+Ca)-( $HCO_{3}+SO_{4}$) type, respectively. The pH and EC values of the non-mining creek surfers are relatively lower compared with those of the surface water of the mine and ore dump area. The d values ($\delta$D-8$\delta^{18}$O) of all kinds of water from the Narim mine creek are 5.8 to 13.1 The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}$O values (relative to SMOW) are shown in distinct two groups as follows: for the April waters of -64.8 to -67.8$\textperthousand$ and -9.6 to -10.0$\textperthousand$(d value=10.1 to 13.1), and for the November waters of -65.9 to -70.2$\textperthousand$ and -9.3 to -9.6$\textperthousand$ (d value=5.8 to 7.9), respectively. This range variation indicates that two group water were composed of distinct waters with seasonal difference. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic metals (As, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) may exist largery in the from of metal $(M2^+)$ and metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^{2-$\mid$),\; and \;SO_4^{2-$\mid$}$ concentration influenced the speciation of heavy metals in the meteoric water. These metals in the groundwater could be formed of $CO_3 \;and \;(OH)_3$ complex ions. Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in meteoric water show undersaturated and progreddively evolved toward the saturation state, however, ground and mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbsited water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that the weathering of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite, illite and Nasmectite. The clay minerals will be transformed to more stable kaolinite owing to the contiunous reaction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.399-410
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• 2015

The objective of our study was to predict future cultivation areas for walnut trees (Juglans sinensis), using the cultivation suitability map provided from Korea Forest Service and MaxEnt modelling under future climate conditions. The climate conditions in 2050s and 2070s were computed using the Regional Climate Prediction (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios with the HadGEM2-AO model. As a result, compared to the present area, the cultivation area of the western Korea including Chungcheongnamdo, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do decreased on a national scale under RCP 4.5, and those of Gyeongsangbukdo and part of Gyeongsangnam-do decreased under RCP 8.5. However, Gangwon-do which is located in higher altitude over 600 meters than other regions showed increases in cultivation areas of 18.3% under RCP 4.5 and of 56.6% under RCP 8.5 by 2070s. The predicted map showed large regional variations in the cultivation areas with climate change. From the analysis of current top ranking areas, the cultivation areas in Gimcheon-si and Yeongdong-gun dramatically decreased by 2070s under RCP 4.5 and 8.5; that of Gongju-si decreased more under RCP 4.5; and those of Muju-gun and Cheonan-si sustained the areas by 2070s under both scenarios. The results from this study can be helpful for providing a guide for minimizing the loss of walnut production and proactively improving productivity and quality of walnuts with regard to unavoidable climate change in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1993

Recently, by fast industralization and development without environmental concern, our environment deterioration have being continued rapidly. Therefore, many species is placed on crisis of extinction or was already extincted by habitat destruction. In Minjujisan area, there is a plan to construct the Sport and Leisure Complex by which convert the forest conservancy district to the district of development promotion and district of sighseeing and leisure by Yongdong District. To investigate the avifauna impacts by habitat destruction, bird censuses was carried out before the Sport and Leisure Complex be construct in Minjujisan and Sokgisan area during 4-5 May, 1992 and 16-21 June, 1992. Total 229 birds of 41 species in 23 family of 9 orders were recorded during censuses. Sitta europaea amurensis was the most abundant species and Parus ater amurensis, Phylloscopus borealis xanthodryas, Parus major wladiwostokensis, Parus palustris hellmayri, and Turdus pallidus were dominant species. Accipiter nisus nisosimilis, Accipiter soloenis, and Otus scops stictonotus were found out to the natural monuments in this suvey. Halcyon pileate was observed to a rare bird in this surveyed area. Species diversity of this census was 3.381 which showed slightly higher degree than other surveyed area. The area of Minjujisan, Sokgipong, and Samdopong which have little pollution agent around there and kept away from mankind were approved the heavy avifauna area which have so many bird species. Biogeographically, the Taebaek Mountains was connected with the Sobaek Mountains through this area, therefore it was significant that many animal species could be move to each mountains ranges. The construction plan of the Sport and Leisure Complex in Minjujisan area should be restrain with concern about environmentally destruction by the Muju Resort in Dokyusan National Park which connected to that area have master plan to development the ski slopes for the 1997 Universiad with permission by the Ministry of Environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1994

For a few people's leisure, the natural environment have being deteriorated ceaseless. The plan of the Chungchongpuk Province and the Yungdong District in Chungchongpuk-do which drive foreword the sport and leasure complex designed to construct ski slopes, golf course, and resort hotel in 6,000,000 $m^2$ of natural ecosystem around the Mulhan Valley at Mulhan-ri Sangchon-myon Yungdong-kun Chung-chcngbuk-do by Dongsin Leisure have concerned decrease on biological diversity serious. This study carried out by census Amphibia and Reptilia fauna in the Mulhan Valley to expect the impact of animal diversity by construction of leasure complex and to call attention to understand that impact. 8 species in 5 Families of 2 Orders in Amphibia and 5 species in 2 Families of 1 Order in Reptilia were observed in the Mulhan Valley during June 24, 1994 to June 25, 1994 which showed to be similar to the Natural Park in Korea. 4 of 8 species in Amphibia(Hynobius leechii, Onychodactylus fischeri, Bufo bufo gargarizans, and Rana dybowskii) and 3 of 5 species in Reptilia(Eluphe rufodorsata, Dinodon rufodonatum rufodonatum, and Agkistrodon saxatilus) were revealed the Special Wild Animal recorded by the Ministry of Environment in 1993. Therefore, the Minjujisan seems to have highly reason to conservation by these animal diversity. Around the Minjujisan province was significant connecting the Taebaek Mountains and the Sobaek Mountains on biogeographically with Dokyusan National Park. The plan of Leasure complex in the Mulhan Valley should be cancel in consideration of destruction around the Dokyusan National Park severely by the Muju Resort, Ski slopes, etc. The Minjujisan must be conserve to the Zone of Natural Environment on Amphibia and Reptilia diversity and animal migration route.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2008

The single application of Bacillus subtilis QST713(BS QST713) mixed application with fungicides and alternate application were treated to examine the control of alternaria leaf blight of Panax ginseng. Control value of alternaria leaf blight by single application of BS QST713 at 10 days interval was 83.3%, and those of single application at 10 days interval was $80.4{\sim}83.7%$ by azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic, copper sulfate basic, kresoxim-methyl, difenoconazole, mancozeb. When mixture of BS QST713 and fungicides were applied at 14 days interval, the control value of alternaria leaf blight were 83.6% by BS QST713 and mancozeb, and 82.6% by BS QST713 and azoxystrobin. However, mixture of BS QST713 with difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl, copper sulfate basic and chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic exhibited the disease control values from 61.1% to 76.4%, which showed slightly lower control efficacy. In Daejeon, the alternate application of BS QST713 followed by copper sulfate basic with 14 days interval was 85.9% in control value, which showed the best control efficacy. The alternate application with other tested fungicides slightly decreased to $55.5{\sim}78.2%$ in control value. However, the alternate application of BS QST713 followed by fungicides showed very high control efficacy, which were approximately 90% in Muju, Jeonbuk Province. Consequently, the single, mixed or alternate application of BS QST713 and fungicides could be recommended as a control method to reduce the amount of fungicides.