• Title/Summary/Keyword: Muffle furnace

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Removal of Dyes by Biosorption on Biomass Ash

  • Rattan, V.K.;Singh, Harminder;Purai, Abhiti
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2007
  • The use of low cost and ecofriendly adsorbent has been investigated as an alternative to the current expensive method of removing dyes from wastewater. Cow dung cakes were collected from the nearby village which was burnt in a muffle furnace at $500^{\circ}C$ to obtain the required ash. This paper deals with the removal of Reactive Blue 221, Acidoll Yellow 2GNL and Olive BGL which are mainly used in textile industry, from aqueous solution by cow dung ash without any pretreatment. The adsorption was achieved under different pH, adsorbate concentration and the applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were examined.

Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Cow Dung Ash

  • Rattan, V.K.;Purai, Abhiti;Singh, Harminder;Manoochehri, Mahboobeh
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2008
  • The ability of cow dung ash without any pretreatment to remove color from textile dyes N Blue RGB, Green B and EOSIN YWS from aqueous solution has been investigated in this work. Cow dung ash, an ecofriendly and low cost adsorbent was prepared by burning cow dung cakes in the muffle furnace at $500^{\circ}C$. The adsorption was achieved under different pH and adsorbate concentration. The data was fitted to simple polynomial and the isotherms similar to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.

Design on Main Mechanism of High Throughput Device for Enhancement of Oxidation and Recover Rate (산화속도 및 회수율 향상을 위한 고효율 장치 핵심 메커니즘 설계)

  • Kim, Y.H.;Park, B.S.;Jung, J.H.;Yoon, J.S.;Hwang, J.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.473-476
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we designed the main mechanism of high throughput device for rod-cuts of spent fuel. For this, we analyzed the mechanical methods(slitting, ball mill, roller straightening) and chemical methods(muffle furnace, rotary kiln). As the results, methods of ball drop and rotary drum for concepts design were selected in the analysis step. For enhancement of oxidation rate, we devised the blades on the reactor with mesh type. Also, for enhancement of decladding rate, we designed ball size and rotation reactor with mesh type and devised the vacuum system for fission products. Mechanisms of oxidation and recovery can simultaneously handle the rod-cuts of spent fuel and independently recover. The results of mechanism design can be used for scale-up of high throughput device.

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Fabrication of PbZrO$_3$ thin films crystal by sol-gel processing (Sol-Gel법에 의한 PbZrO$_3$박막 결정의 제작)

  • 전기범;김원보;배세환
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 2000
  • $PbZrO_3$precursor was prepared for the spin coating on the Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrate. Two different heat treatment methods were used and the differencies were studied. One of the method is that the films were inserted into the furnace for 30 minutes and the other is that the films were annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for 1 minute at the same temperatures. We also examined the tendency of crystallization by annealing at the fixed temperature, $700^{\circ}C$ as a function of time, namely during 1, 10, 20, and 30 minitues, respectively. The optimum conditions for the crystallization of these films were at $550^{\circ}C$ during 30 min. and at $700^{\circ}C$ during 10 min. in muffle furnace and at $650^{\circ}C$ during 1 min in RTA furnace. The best condition for making good quality grains needs 30 min. at $700^{\circ}C$.

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Thermal Decomposition and Stabilization of the Lagoon Sludge Solid Waste after Dissolution with Water (라군 슬러지 물 용해 후 고체 패기물의 열분해 및 안정화)

  • Oh Jong-Hyeok;Hwang Doo-Seong;Lee Kue-Il;Choi Yun-Dong;Hwang Sung-Tae;Park Jin-Ho;Park So-Jin
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 2005
  • Thermal decomposition and stabilization characteristics of the solid cake after the dissolution of nitrate of the lagoon sludge was investigated. Most of the nitrates were dissolved in the water and removed to the filtrate, but small amount of nitrates, calcium carbonate and uranium were remained in the solid cake. The solid cake was thermally decomposed in the muffle furnace at $900^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. Uranium, which is in the lagoon 1, was stabilized with $NaNO_3$ decomposition to $Na_{2}O{\cdot}2UO_3$ form. For the lagoon 2, it is confirmed that CaO, which was created by thermal decomposition of the $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and $CaCO_3$, was transferred to $Ca(OH)_2$ in the air with water. Because it is known that $Ca(OH)_2$ is stable material, further additives did not need to the stabilization of the thermal decomposition of the lagoons.

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Corrosion and Oxidation Behaviors of ion-nitrided tool Steels (이온질화된 공구강 표면의 산화 및 공식거동)

  • Choe Han-Cheol;Lee Ho-Jong;Jeong Yong-Woon
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.126-135
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    • 2005
  • SKD 11 steel has been widely used for tools, metallic mold and die for press working because of its favorable mechanical properties such as high toughness and creep strength as well as excellent oxidation resistance. The ion nitrided tool steel containing Mo results in improvement of corrosion resistance, strength at high temperature and pitting resistance, especially in $Cl^-$ contained environment. But the Mo addition causes a disadvantage such as lower oxidation resistance at elevated temperature. In this study, several effects of ion-disadvantage on the oxidation characteristics for SKD 11 steel with various oxidation temperature were investigated. SKD 11 steels were manufactured by using vacuum furnace and solutionized for 1 hr at $1,050^{\circ}C$. Steel surface was ion nitrided at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr and 5 hr by ion nitriding equipment. ion nitrided specimen were investigated by SEM, OM and hardness tester. Oxidation was carried out by using muffle furnace in air at $500^{\circ}C,\;700^{\circ}C\;and\;900^{\circ}C$ for 1hr, respectively. Oxidation behavior of the ion nitrided specimen was investigated by SEM, EDX and surface roughness tester. The conclusions of this study are as follows: It was found that plasma nitriding for 5 hr at $500^{\circ}C$, compared with ion nitriding for 1 hr at $500^{\circ}C$, had a thick nitrided layer and produced a layer with good wear, corrosion resistance and hardness as nitriding time increased. Nitrided SKD 11 alloy for 1hr showed that wear resistance and hardness decreased, whereas surface roughness increased, compared with nitrided SKD 11 alloy for 5 hr. The oxidation surface at $900^{\circ}C$ showed a good corrosion resistance.

High-Temperature Oxidation of MoSi2 Heating Elements (이규화몰리브덴 고온발열체의 고온산화거동)

  • Seo, Chang-Yeol;Jang, Dae-Ga;Sim, Geon-Ju;Jo, Deok-Ho;Kim, Won-Baek
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 1996
  • MoSi2 heating elements were fabricated by sintering of MoSi2 powders which were synthesized through SHS(Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis). Their high-temperature oxidation behavior in air through SHS(Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis). Their high-temperature oxidation behavior on air at 1000-1600$^{\circ}C$ was investigated through a high-temperature X-ray diffractomer and isothermal heating in a muffle furnace. The thermal expansion of MoSi2 and SiO2 was studied by measuring their lattice parameters on heating. The linear expansion coeffcient of MoSi2 along c-axis was about 1.5 times larger than that along a-axis showing a strong thermal anisotropy. Few $\mu\textrm{m}$-thick Mo5Si3 layer was found beneath SiO2 layer suggesting that The major reaction products would be SiO2 and Mo5Si3. The Si-rich bentonite resulted in the faster growth of MoSi2 grains probably by enhancing the mass transport when they are melted during high-temperature oxidation.

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Experimental investigation of effective atomic numbers for some binary alloys

  • Sharma, Renu;Sharma, J.K.;Kaur, Taranjot;Singh, Tejbir;Sharma, Jeewan;Singh, Parjit S.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.1571-1574
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    • 2017
  • In the present work, the gamma ray backscattering technique was used to determine the effective atomic numbers for certain binary alloys. With the help of a muffle furnace, the binary alloys were synthesized using the melt quenching technique with different compositions of $_{82}Pb$, $_{50}Sn$, and $_{30}Zn$. The intensity distribution of backscattered photons from radioactive isotope $^{22}Na$ (511 keV) was recorded with the help of GAMMARAD5 [$76mm{\times}76mm$ NaI(Tl) scintillator detector] and analyzed as a function of both atomic number and thickness of the target material. The effective atomic numbers for the same binary alloys were also computed theoretically using the atomic to electronic cross-section method with the help of the mass attenuation coefficient database of WinXCom (2001). Good agreement was observed between theoretical and experimental results for the effective atomic numbers of all the selected alloys.

A Study on the Oxidation Reaction of Iron (II) Sulfate by Dry and Wet Process (황산제1철의 乾濕式에 의한 酸化反應에 對한 硏究)

  • Soo Duk Suhl;Joo Kyung Sung;Yong Kil Whang
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.121-124
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    • 1977
  • A study on the formation of black iron oxide was carried in differents of Fe(III), Fe(II) ion in the aqueous solution that iron(II) sulfate was calcined under various temperature and leached in water. The results obtained was follows; (1) It was found that the sample calcined in an electric muffle furnace maintained at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and leached in water was equivalent mole (Fe(III) /Fe(II) = 1) in 20% aqueous solution. (2) When the above mentioned solution was hydrolyzed at pH range of 7 to 8 for 2 hours at $100^{\circ}C$, 93% and over of iron was recovered in the form of ${\alpha}-Fe_3O_4$ with a black colour.

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Aqueous phase removal of ofloxacin using adsorbents from Moringa oleifera pod husks

  • Wuana, Raymond A.;Sha'Ato, Rufus;Iorhen, Shiana
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.49-68
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    • 2015
  • Chemically activated and carbonized adsorbents were prepared from Moringa oleifera pod husks (MOP), characterized and evaluated for their ability to remove a common antibiotic - ofloxacin (OFX) from aqueous solution. The pulverized precursor was steeped in a saturated ammonium chloride solution for a day to give the chemically activated adsorbent (AMOP). A portion of AMOP was pyrolyzed in a muffle furnace at 623 K for 30 min to furnish its carbonized analogue (CMOP). The adsorbents showed favorable physicochemical attributes. The effects of operational parameters such as initial OFX solution pH and concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature and contact time on OFX removal were investigated. At equilibrium, optimal removal efficiencies of 90.98% and 99.84% were achieved at solution pH 5 for AMOP and CMOP, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted into both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Gibbs free energy change (${\Delta}G^o$), enthalpy change (${\Delta}H^o$) and entropy change (${\Delta}S^o$) indicated that the adsorption of OFX was feasible, spontaneous, exothermic and occurred via the physisorption mode. Adsorption kinetics obeyed the Blanchard pseudo-second-order model. The results may find applications in the adsorptive removal of micro-contaminants of pharmaceutical origin from wastewater.