• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.263-274
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• 2000

Carotenoids are widely distributed natural pigments which are in an increasing demand by the market, due to their applicatins in the human food, animal feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Although more than 600 carotenoids have been identified in nature, only a few are industrially important (${\beta}$-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein or lycopene). To date chemical processes manufacture most of the carotenoid production, but the interest for carotenoids of biological origin is growing since theire is an increased public concern over the safety of artificial food colorants. Although much interest and effort has been devoted to the use of biological sources for industrially important carotenoids, only the production of biological ${\beta}$-carotene and astaxanthin has been reported. Among fungi, several Mucorales strains, particularly Blakeslea trispora, have been used to develop fermentation processes for the production of ${\beta}$-carotene on almost competitive cost-price levels. Similarly, the basidiomycetous yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (the perfect state of Phaffia rhodozyma), has been proposed as a promising source of astaxanthin. This paper focuses on recent findings on the fungal pathways for carotenoid production, especially the structure and function of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Mucorales. An outlook of the possibilities of an increased industrial production of carotenoids, based on metabolic engineering of fungi for carotenoid content and composition, is also discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.280-292
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• 1996

The fungal isolates of Mucorales, directly collected from Korean traditional raw materials of Nuruk (raw material for Korean rice wine) and Meju (raw material for Korean soysauces), were compared with those of Rhizopus oryzae purchased. The fungal isolates of Rhizopus, Mucor, and Absidia mostly identified as based on the morphological observations, were evaluated with the PCR-polymorphic bands. The PCR-polymorphic bands of the genomic DNA reacted with the primers of OPD series tenmer were various, but showed averaged 4 to 6 in the agarose-electrophoresis. The dissimilarity coefficient (DC) between two isolates were compared by the cluster analyses, dendrogams and polar ordinations. The isolates of R. oryzae known. showed several groupings within the lower value of DC and were divided to two groups of amylo-process and other fungi with other purposes. The isolates unidentified were identified by the DC made of this results. Taxonomy of these isolates made by the morphological observations were consistent with those resulted above in most case but not in all aspects. More works were needed with the isolates known for detail informations of Mucorales.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2018

The order Mucorales, the largest in number of species within the Mucoromycotina, comprises typically fast-growing saprotrophic fungi. During a study of the fungal diversity of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two novel mucoralean strains, CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4, were isolated from specific habitats including freshwater and fecal samples, respectively. On the basis of their morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal DNA, the CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4 isolates were confirmed to be Gilbertella persicaria and Pilobolus crystallinus, respectively. It is ecologically, pathologically, and mycologically significant to find such rare zygomycetous fungi in such specific habitats.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.310-313
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• 2016

While surveying the diversity of fungi of the order Mucorales, two isolates, EML-PUKI12-1 and EML-PUKI06-1, were obtained from the gut of soldier fly larvae inhabiting the bulrush at a pond located in the Chonnam National University Arboretum, Gwangju, Korea. The isolates were confirmed as Mucor irregularis and Mucor fragilis species, respectively, based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. Such mucoralean species belonging to undiscovered taxa has not previously been described in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

During an investigation of fungi of the order Mucorales from freshwater and sediment samples in Korea, we isolated six strains, NNIBRFG6649, NNIBRFG6255, NNIBRFG1498, CNUFC-YJ13, CNUFC-YR7, and NNIBRFG2739. The morphology and phylogeny of these strains were analyzed. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the isolates NNIBRFG6649 and NNIBRFG6255 were identified as Mucor abundans, and M. aligarensis, respectively. The isolates NNIBRFG1498 and CNUFC-YJ13 were identified as M. moelleri, whereas the isolates CNUFC-YR7 and NNIBRFG2739 were identified as M. heterogamus. To the best of our knowledge, M. abundans, M. aligarensis, M. moelleri, and M. heterogamus have not yet been reported in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 1989

The etiologic agents of mucormycosis are several nonpathogenic fungi of the order Mucorales and are ubiquitous. A total of 82 chickens were infected with the disease and developed anorexia, diarrhea, malnutrition, dyspnea, and paralysis in a chicken farm, Sokcho, Kwangwon. At necropsy there were multiple nodular lesions and hemorrhages in livers, spleens, kidneys, gastrointestinal track, and respiratory system. On histopathological examination it was found that the nodular lesions were consisted of granoulomatous inflammation accompanying characteristic hyphae ($4{\sim}24{\mu}$ wide) of the fungi.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.457-473
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• 2020

We investigated the distribution and diversity of fungi in brackish water and soil from the Eulsukdo Island, Geumgang Estuary Bank, Suncheon Bay, Dae-ho Tide Embankment and coastal sand dune in Sinduri and Bu-nam Tide Embankment, Korea. Fungi were isolated from water samples by hand-pumped filtration, and soil samples were collected and diluted. The isolated fungi were incubated in potato dextrose agar at 25℃. A total of 173 fungal strains were isolated from brackish water and identified according to their respective internal transcribed spacer via phylogenetic analysis. The diversity of all fungal strains was analyzed according to diversity indices. The fungal strains belonged to any of 18 taxonomic orders: Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Capnodiales, Hypocreales, Polyporales, Saccharomycetales, Agaricales, Glomerellales, Mucorales, Dothideales, Russulales, Xylariales, Sordariales, Myrmecridiales, Tubeufiales, Onygenales, Cantharellales, and Amphisphaeriales. Cladosporium spp. (20%), Penicillium spp. (19%), and Fusarium sp. (5%) comprised majority of the identified strains. Two species from the fungal isolates were newly identified in Korea: Sarocladium kiliense NNIBRFG3280 and Fusicolla merismoides NNIBRFG23708.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.345-348
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• 1999

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, is the most expensive mushroom at the region of northeastern Asia. Since the mushroom is edible, it is very serious to have a parasitic fungus on the surface of fruit-body. We discovered a necrotrophic mycoparasite of T. matsutake. We tried to illustrate the feature of mycoparasite on T. matsutake in detail, and it was identified as Syzygites megalocarpus.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2000

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare but acutely fatal disease caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales, and characterized by an aggressive necrotizing infection spreading from the nose to the paranasal sinuses, orbit, and then to the central nervous system. It most frequently develops in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. The authors report a 65-year-old woman who developed intracerebral hemorrhage during treatment for rhinocerebral mucormycosis associated with diabetes mellitus. Despite the treatment, she became worse. The pertinent literatures were reviewed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2016

During a survey of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two zygomycete fungal isolates, EML-BT5-1 and EML-BT5-2, were isolated from the seed of a pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fruit in Korea. Based on their morphological characteristics and a sequence analysis of four genes, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 18S, 28S rDNA, and EF-$1{\alpha}$, the isolates were confirmed to be Syncephalastrum monosporum in the family Syncephalastraceae. To our knowledge, the zygomycete fungal species S. monosporum has not been previously described in Korea.