• 제목/요약/키워드: Mu-Wi

검색결과 158건 처리시간 0.029초

Pharmacological Evidence that Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide is Implicated in Cerebral Autoregulation

  • Hong, Ki-Whan;Pyo, Kwang-Min;Yu, Sung-Sook;Rhim, Byung-Yong
    • 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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    • pp.287-287
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    • 1994
  • In the present study, it was aimed to asses the possibility that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released in response to transient hypotension may contribute to the reflex autoregulation of cerebral blood flow as a putative modulator. Changes in pial arterial diameter (mean, 33.0 ${\pm}$ 1.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$) with changes in systemic arterial blood pressure (mean, 101.9 ${\pm}$ 2.7 mmHg) were observed directly through a closed cranial window in anesthetized normotensive rats. Image of the pial vessels was captured with a stereoscope connected to a CCD video camera and the diameter was measured with a microscaler. In the capsaicin-treated rats (one day prior to experiment, 50 nmol capsaicin injected intracisternally), both vasodilater and vasoconstrictor responses evoked by a transient hypotension and the reverse of blood pressure were markedly attenuated or almost abolished. When changes in pial arterial diameter were plotted as a function of changes in blood pressure, the slopes of both regression lines (for vasodilators and vasoconstrictors ) were markedly reduced. Similar reductions were evidenced under treatment wi th the CGRP antibody serum (1:1,000) and following CGRP receptor desensitization. However, the autoregulatory mechanics were neither affected by treatment wi th spantide (1 ${\mu}$M), substance P antagonist, nor by substance P receptor desensitization. Suffusion wi th mock cerebrospinal fluid containing CGRP and cromakalim caused a vasodilatation in a concentration-dependent manner, respectively and their effects were antagonized by glibenclamide. Substance P produced a vasodilatation, which was, however, little affected by glibenclamide. These observations indicate that the CGRP released from the perivascular sensory fibers in response to a hypotension is implicated in the modulation of the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow.

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개선된 정규화 최소합 알고리듬을 적용한 WiMAX/WLAN용 LDPC 복호기 (LDPC Decoder for WiMAX/WLAN using Improved Normalized Min-Sum Algorithm)

  • 서진호;신경욱
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.876-884
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    • 2014
  • 본 논문에서는 개선된 정규화 최소합(improved normalized min-sum) 복호 알고리듬을 적용한 LDPC 복호기를 설계하였다. 설계된 LDPC 복호기는 IEEE 802.16e 모바일 WiMAX 표준의 19가지 블록길이(576~2304)에 따른 6가지 부호율(1/2, 2/3A, 2/3B, 3/4A, 3/4B, 5/6)과 IEEE 802.11n 무선 랜 표준의 3가지 블록길이(648, 1296, 1944)에 따른 4가지 부호율(1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6)을 지원한다. INMS 복호 알고리듬과 SM(sign-magnitude) 수체계 연산을 기반으로 하는 DFU(decoding function unit)을 구현하여 하드웨어 복잡도와 복호 성능을 최적화시켰다. 설계된 LDPC 복호기는 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS 셀 라이브러리를 이용하여 100 MHz 동작 주파수로 합성한 결과, 284,409 게이트와 62,976 비트의 메모리로 구현되었으며, FPGA 구현을 통해 하드웨어 동작을 검증하였다. 1.8V 전원전압에서 100 MHz로 동작 가능할 것으로 평가되며, 부호율과 블록길이에 따라 약 82~218 Mbps의 성능을 가질 것으로 예상된다.

Miniaturization of Embedded Bandpass Filter in LTCC Multilayer Substrate for WiMAX Applications

  • Cho, Youngseek;Choi, Seyeong
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2013
  • A compact radio frequency (RF) bandpass filter (BPF) in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) is suggested for WiMAX applications. The center frequency ($f_0$) of the BPF is 5.5 GHz and its pass band or 3-dB bandwidth is 700 MHz to cover all the three major bands, low and middle unlicensed national information infrastructure (U-NII; 5.15-5.35 GHz), World Radiocommunication Conference (5.47-5.725 GHz), and upper U-NII/industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) (5.725-5.85 GHz), for the WiMAX frequency band. A lumped circuit element design-the 5th order capacitively coupled Chebyshev BPF topology-is adopted. In order to design a compact RF BPF, a very thin ($43.18{\mu}m$) ceramic layer is used in LTCC substrate. An interdigital BPF is also designed in silicon substrate to compare the size and performance of the lumped circuit element BPF. Due to the high relative dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}_r$ = 11.9) of the silicon substrate, the quarter-wavelength resonator of the interdigital BPF can be reduced. In comparison to the 5th order interdigital BPF at $f_0$ = 5.5 GHz, the lumped element design is 24% smaller in volume and has 17 and 7 dB better attenuation characteristics at $f_0{\pm}0.75$ GHz.

Thermal Improvements for 2.75 GHz-FBAR Devices

  • Mai, Linh;Lee, Jae-Young;Pham, Van-Su;Kabir, S. M. Humayun;Dong, Hoai-Bac;Yoon, Gi-Wan
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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    • pp.196-199
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we studied a ZnO-based film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) device fabricated on top of a novel multi-layered Bragg reflector with chromium adhesion layers $(0.03{\mu}m-thick)$ inserted. The performance of FBAR device could be significantly improved using proper thermal treatments. At ${\sim}2.75$ GHz, we could achieve good return loss and quality factor (Q). This device fabrication technique will be useful for the future mobile WiMAX applications.

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볶음 처리한 옻나무 열수추출물의 항산화성 및 암세포 성장억제효과 (Effect of Hot Water Extracts of Roasted Rhus vemiciflua Stokes on Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity)

  • 곽은정;조일진;성기승;하태열
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.784-789
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    • 2005
  • 옻나무의 속과 껍질부분을 분리해 $170,200,220^{\circ}C$로 온도를 달리하여 볶은 후 $100^{\circ}C$에서 열수 추출하여 얻은 추출물의 과산화지질생성 억제능, DPPH 유리라디칼 소거능 및 4종류의 인체유래의 암세포 즉 간암세포 HepG2, 위암세포 SNU-1, 유방암세포 MCF-7 및 대장암세포 WiDr에 대한 성장저지효과를 알아보았다. 저농도보다 고농도에서, 속보다 껍질부분이, $170\~200^{\circ}C$범위로 볶음처리를 한 시료의 과산화지질생성 억제능, 유리라디칼 소거능 및 암세포의 성장 저지효과가 높았다 가장 높은 과산화지질생성 억제능은 $200^{\circ}C$에서 볶은 속과 껍질추출물을 $500\mu g/mL$의 농도로 첨가 시 50.9, $56.5\%$였고, 유리라디칼 소거능은 각각 200, $170^{\circ}C$에서 볶은 속과 껍질추출물을 $500\mu g/mL$의 농도로 첨가 시 79.0, $8.4\%$였다. 또한 암세포 생존율은 $1,000\mu g/mL$의 농도로 첨가 시 가장 낮았는데 속과 껍질추출물 첨가군의 생존율은 WiDr세포가 $170^{\circ}C$에서 볶음처리 시 41.5, $36.0\%$로 가장 낮았고 ,다음은 HepG2세포로 $200^{\circ}C$에서 볶음처리 시 61.5, $44.3\%$, 이어서 MCF-7세포가 $170^{\circ}C$에서 닥음처리 시 92.0, $69.2\%$였으며, SNU-1세포는 볶음처리와 상관없이 100, $100\%$의 순으로 높아 특히 WiDr세포에 대한 성장저지효과가 현저하게 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 WiDr세포에 대해서는 $1,000\mu g/mL$의 농도에서 볶음처리를 하지 않은 속과 껍질추출물에서도 63.9, $6.8\%$의 낮은 생존율을 보여 옻나무는 사용한 암세포 중 대장암세포에서 강한 암세포성장 저지활성을 나타내었다.