• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.857-866
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• 2011

This study examined the metabolism of free radicals in hepatic mitochondria of goats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and investigated the effects of melatonin (MT). Forty-eight healthy goats ($10{\pm}1.2\;kg$) were randomly selected and divided into four groups: saline control, LPS, MT+LPS and MT. The goats within each group were3 sacrificed either 3 or 6 h after treatment and the livers removed to isolate mitochondria. The respiration control ratio (RCR), the ADP:O ratio, the oxidative phosphorylation ratio (OPR), the concentration of $H_2O_2$ and the activities of Complex I-IV were determined. The mitochondrial membrane potential ($\Delta\psi_m$) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that RCR, O/P and OPR of the LPS group decreased (p<0.05), as well as activities of respiratory complexes, whereas the generation of $H_2O_2$ in Complex III increased (p<0.05) after 3 h, while Complex II and III increased after 6 h. Also, it was found that the mitochondrial membrane potential of the LPS group declined (p<0.05). However, pre-treatment with MT attenuated the injury induced by LPS, which not only presented higher (p<0.05) RCR, O/P, OPR, and respiratory complex activities, but also maintained the $\Delta\psi_m$. Interestingly, it is revealed that, in the MT+LPS group, the generation of $H_2O_2$ increased firstly in 3 h, and then significantly (p<0.05).decreased after 6 h. In the MT group, the function of mitochondria, the transmenbrane potential and the generation of $H_2O_2$ were obviously improved compared to the control group. Conclusion: melatonin prevents damage caused by LPS on hepatic mitochondria of goats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

This study was carried out to systematically maintain and manage the trails by assessing the types of deterioration and naturalness of trails located in Mt. Toham, Mt. Nam, Mt. Danseok and in the Mt. Gumi district of the Gyeongju National Park. The route length of Mt. Toham was 2.7km, 2.3km of Mt. Nam, 1.0km of Mt. Danseok and 2.7km of Mt. Gumi district. The numbers of measuring points in Mt. Toham were 37 units, 29 units of Mt. Nam, 16 units of Mt. Danseok and 40 units of Mt. Gumi district. In characteristics of physical environments, Mt. Danseok was the widest and Mt. Gumi was the narrowest in the width of trail. In the bared width of trail, Mt. Danseok was the widest and Mt. Gumi was the narrowest. In depth of erosion, Mt. Danseok was the deepest and Mt. Gumi was the shallowest. Mt. Danseok was the steepest and Mt. Nam was the gentlest in the longitudinal slope. In the results of analysing the types of deterioration, Mt. Toham were 10 types, 14 types of Mt. Nam, 11 types of Mt. Danseok and 9 types of Mt. Gumi district. The times of appearance of deterioration types in Mt. Toham were 69 times, 87 times of Mt. Nam, 67 times of Mt. Danseok and 71 times of Mt. Gumi district. The most common type was the exposure of root in 4 districts of Gyeongju National Park. In the results of assessing the naturalness, Mt. Toham was 2.1 score(II degree), 2.6 score(II degree) of Mt. Nam, 2.9 score(III degree) of Mt. Danseok and 2.0 score(II degree) of Mt. Gumi district. The average naturalness was 2.4 score and II degree.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1995

한국산 담수어류의 잉어목, 황어아과(Leuciscinae) 어류 2속 5종의 계통적 유연관계를 구명하기 위하여 mtDNA분석을 실시하였다 6 base를 인지하는 10개의 제한효소를 처리하여 얻어진 강tDNA의 크기는 16.5-17.5 Kb였으며 Bcl I, Bgl I, Bgl II, Hin dIII, Pvu II, Xba I 등은 종간 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 각종의 집단간 mtDNA분화정도는 매우 낮았으나(p=1% 미만) M. oxyephalus의 무주집단과 제주집단은 예리적으로 큰 차이를 보였다(p=5.3%) Moroco속의 종간 분화정도를 비교한 결과 M. oxycephafus와 M. lagowsk서 사이가 평균 f=7.2%로 근면관계가 제일 가까웠고 M. keumkang과 M. semotilus는 타종들과 근연관계가 제일 멀었다. Moroco속과 Phoxinus속간의 평균 유전적 분화정도는 f=13.7%로 현저한 차이를 보였다. Brown 등(1979)의 공식을 이용하여 이들 황어아과 2속 5종의 분화시기를 추정한 결과 이들은 후기 선신세(Pliocene)와 흥적세(Pleistocene) 사이에 분화된 것으로 추정되었으며 이 결과는 동위효소 연구에서 얻어진 결파(Yang and Min, 1989)와 잘 일치한다.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.185.1-185.1
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• 2003

In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium on genes expression related to zinc homeostasis in HT22 hippocampal neuron cell line by RT -PCR and western blotting technics. In the time-course effect, cadmium up-regulated the relative levels of MT -I and MT -II to~b-actin at 4 hr after treatment. These effects were consistent with MT -I/II protein contents by western blot analysis. But MT -III, a specific MT isoform in brain, was not affected by cadmium. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 1997

To investigate the climax forest structure and to construct the ecological basic data, forty nine plots were set up and surveyed in Mt. Minjuji, Chungchongpukdo. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN, the community was divided by seven groups of Pinus densiflora-Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus serrata(community I), Q. mongolica-Q. serrata-Platycarya strobilacea(community II), Q. mongolica(community III), Fraxinus mandshurica-Acer mono(community IV), Cornus controversa-F. mandshurica(community V), F. mandshurica-Carpinus cordata(community VI), and F. mandshurica-C. laxiflora(community VII). In the results of the analysis of species structure, similarity, diversity and DBH, except for community I~III, it was founede out broadleaves-mixed-climax forest. Constructed basic data will be applied to sustainable development such as ecotourism, nature trail etc.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

Genetic variants of Hanwoo mtDNA in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, II and III complex were detected using restriction enzymes. PCR primers were designed based on the bovine mtDNA sequence, and 6 primer sets (Mt4, Mt5, Mt6, Mt7, Mt8 and Mt9) were used. A total of 20 restriction enzymes were used, and 6 restriction enzymes, which were Hinf I, Pvu II, Rsa I, Eco RI, Bgl II, and Msp I, showed genetic polymorphisms. Significant associations between genetic variants and weight traits were observed at WT15 (p<0.05) and WT18 (p<0.01) with Pvu II for Mt9, Bgl II for Mt6 and Rsa I for Mt8 segments in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit complex. Significant associations were also observed at Mt9-Pvu II and Mt6-Bgl II segments for WT9 (p=0.01), WT12 (p=0.02), respectively. These results suggest that genetic variants of mtDNA in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit complex may be candidate segments for improvement of animal growth as weight traits.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1997

Acanthnmoebn sp. YM-4 is simitar to A. culbertsoni based upon morphological characteristics of trophozoites and cysts. However, based on other characteristics, pathogenicity to mice, in uitro cytotoxicity and isoenzyme patterns, Acanthomoebo sp. YM- 4 was quite different from A. culbertsoni. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mtDNA is useful in the classification of members belonging to the genus Acanthcmoebn. Therefore, in this study, RFLP analysis of Acnnthcmoeba mtDNAs was accomplished using five restriction enzymes: Hnelll, Hinull, Clcl, Pudl and ScE. Each restriction enzyme produced approximately 3-15 fragments (range: from 0:6 kip to 34.4 kbp) . The mtDNA genome size, calculated by the summation of restriction fragments, averaged 46.4 kbp in Acnnthamoeba sp. YM-4,48.3 kbp in A. culbertsoni and 48.8 kbp in A. polyphaic, respectively. Digested mtDNA fragments of Accnthcmoeba sp. YM-4 contained nine and seven same size fragments, respectively, from a total of 67 and 69 fragments observed in A. culbertsoni and A. polyphcgn. An estimate of the genetic divergence was 10.1% between Acanthamoebc sp. YM-4 and A. culbertsoni, and 9.9% between Acanthamoebn sp. YM-4 and A. polyphcga.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.27-55
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• 2020

We investigated the flora of Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan Mt., and discuss here important vascular plants found on these mountains. We created a plant list using voucher specimens collected from Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan deposited at CNU. There are 769 taxa in Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan Mt., consisting of 116 families, 403 genera, 687 species, 16 subspecies, 58 varieties, and 8 forms. Twenty-four endemic plants of Korea were found, including Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai and Eranthis byunsanensis B. Y. Sun. There are 15 rare plants on Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan as designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Iris koreana Nakai and Chamaegastrodia shikokiana Makino & F. Maek., as well as 14 red-list plants as designated by the Ministry of the Environment, including Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K. Tae & S. C. Ko ex K. Tae & S. C. Ko and Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. In total, there are 133 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants, including four level V taxa, such as Iris koreana Nakai; ten level IV taxa, such as Lindera sericea (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume; 28 level III taxa, such as Botrychium japonicum (Prantl) Underw.; 22 level II taxa, including Hylomecon vernalis Maxim.; and 69 level I taxa, including Dryopteris erythrosora (D. C. Eaton) Kuntze. There are 37 invasive plants, including Rumex acetosella L. and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2015

The parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes severe malaria and is the most dangerous to humans. However, it exhibits resistance to their drugs. Farnesyltransferase has been identified in pathogenic protozoa of the genera Plasmodium and the target of farnesyltransferase includes Ras family. Therefore, the inhibition of farnesyltransferase has been suggested as a new strategy for the treatment of malaria. However, the exact functional mechanism of this agent is still unknown. In addition, the effect of farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTIs) on mitochondrial level of malaria parasites is not fully understood. In this study, therefore, the effect of a FTI R115777 on the function of mitochondria of P. falciparum was investigated experimentally. As a result, FTI R115777 was found to suppress the infection rate of malaria parasites under in vitro condition. It also reduces the copy number of mtDNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase III. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$) and the green fluorescence intensity of MitoTracker were decreased by FTI R115777. Chloroquine and atovaquone were measured by the mtDNA copy number as mitochondrial non-specific or specific inhibitor, respectively. Chloroquine did not affect the copy number of mtDNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase III, while atovaquone induced to change the mtDNA copy number. These results suggest that FTI R115777 has strong influence on the mitochondrial function of P. falciparum. It may have therapeutic potential for malaria by targeting the mitochondria of parasites.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 1991

Eight species of genus Entoloma were collected from the areas of Mt. Naejang National Park, Mt. Jangan Provincial Park and Mt. Manduck and newly identified in Korea: Entoloma squamodiscum, E. nigroviolacem var. nigroviolacem, E. subrhombisporum, E. spadix, E. fumosialbum, E. peckianum, E. strictius var. strictius and E. albatum.