• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 1995

The purity of mtDNAs isolated from Archicitrus and Metacitrus leaves was higher in percoll density gradient centrifugation than differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The most clear mtDNAs were obtained from mitochondria included in the Interface band of between 21% and 45% under isomotic, low viscosity conditions in the three step discontinuous percoll density gradient centrifugation. DNase treatment to the crude mitochondrlal suspension still more increased purity of mtDNA by the effective removal of the nuclear and chloroplast DNA and mtDNAs were appeared as a single band at middle position of tube by EtBr /cscl density gradient centrifugation. Agarose gel electrophoresis of mtDNAs resolved a single, broad band containing high molecular weight DNAs In all preparation. Yield of mtDNAs was about 110 and 2 ug Per 2009 in mature and immature leaves respectively. The mtDNA fragment patterns showed by EcoR I treatment were indistinguishable with respect to nom bet and position of bands in Archicitrus and Metacitrus. In the pattern of Hind E restriction, the Metacitrus displayed the unique band between 5.0 and 4.0kb, in addition to four fragments about 5.0, 2.4, 2.15, and 2.0kb, respectively, different from Archicitrus. Also the pattern of total mtDNAs fragment by the treatment of Pst I showed that the distinguishable fragment pat tern was not appeared in Archicitrus(C. iyo Tanaka), but about 6.0, 5.5, 5.0 and 2.Bkb fragments were appeared only in Metacitrus(C. junos Sieb). Therefore it was indicated that two species in intra-subgenus were identical each other, whereas considerable difference was revealed for inter-subgenus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9283-9289
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• 2014

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and represents approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among those younger than 15 years of age. Materials and Methods: This study investigated alterations in the displacement loop (d-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a risk factor and diagnostic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using mtDNA from 23 subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the first 450 bp of the d-loop region were amplified and successfully sequenced. Results: This revealed 132 mutations at 25 positions in this region, with a mean of 6 alterations per subject. The d-loop alterations in mtDNA in subjects were all identified as single nucleotide polymorphisms in a homoplasmic distribution pattern. Mutant alleles were observed in all subjects with individual frequency rates of up to 95%. Thirteen mutant alleles in the d-loop region of mtDNA occurred with a high frequency. Novel alleles and locations were also identified in the d-loop of mtDNA as follows: 89 G insertions (40%), 95 G insertions (13%), 182 C/T substitutions (5%), 308 C insertions (19%), and 311 C insertions (80%). The findings of this study need to be replicated to be confirmed. Conclusions: Further investigation of the relationship between mutations in mitochondrial d-loop genes and incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2016

Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process requiring coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-$1{\alpha}$) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and it controls mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication within diverse tissues, including muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mtDNA copy number and PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter activity in $C_2C_{12}$ muscle cells. mtDNA copy number and mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC-$1{\alpha}$, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter from -970 to +412 bp was subcloned into the pGL3-basic vector, which includes a luciferase reporter gene. Both EPA and DHA significantly increased mtDNA copy number, dose and time dependently, and up-regulated mRNA levels of PGC-$1{\alpha}$, NRF1, and Tfam. Furthermore, EPA and DHA stimulated PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPA and DHA may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which was partially associated with increased mtDNA replication and PGC-$1{\alpha}$ gene expression in $C_2C_{12}$ muscle cells.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 1995

The nucleotide sequence variation of mitochondria1 DNA were investigated by eight restriction endonucleases from two oyster species, Crassostrea gigas collected from two localities of South Korea and one locality of Japan and C. nippona collected from one locality of South Korea. The total mtDNA size in the oyster, C. gigas, from the three localities was approximately 18 kb and that in C. nippona was 22 kb. The restriction fragment patterns of mtDNA in C. gigas from the three localities by BamHI, BgII, and XhoI digestions were identical to one another. The degree of mtDNA sequence divergence of C. gigas between the two localities in Korea was 2% and that between Korean and Japanese C. gigas was 5%. The amount of sequence divergence between the two species of oysters was 42%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2001

Genetic variation of the wild strains of Lentinula edodes[(Berk.)Pegler] in three regions of Korea was investigated by analyzing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 32 strains of L. edodes were collected from Mt. Kyebang (10 strains), Mt. Odae (11), and Mt. Jiri (11), respectively. The genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using an arbitrary 10-mer primer. A total of 170 amplified fragments were observed, of which 161 fragments were polymorphic. The results of cluster analysis, performed on the basis of the presence or absence of amplified fragments of the same size, revealed that strains collected from both Mt. Kyebang and Mt. Odae in a single group. AMOVA analysis revealed that genetic variations between sites amounted to 12.5%, while 87.1% of total variations was explained by variations among strains within sites. Relatively high genetic relationships among the strains of Mt. Kyebang and Mt. Odae, which were high variance within populations. Whereas, all the strains of Mt. Jiri, which were low variance among populations from both Mt. Kyebang and Mt. Odae, which resulted in genetic isolation of the strains in Mt. Jiri.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1993

한국산 도룡농, Hvnobius leechii의 7개 집단에서 mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)의 변이가 조사되었다. MtDNA의 크기에서의 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나 제한효소 인식 부위에서의 차이가 조사되었다. MtDNA의 절편 양상은 각 집단에서 동일하게 나타났다. 제한 효소로 처리하여 얻어진 절편의 비교에서 종내 변이는 염기 치환에 의하여 발생한 것임이 분석되어졌다. 특히 하동과 제주 집단은 몇개의 제한 효소 인식 위치에서 나머지 5개 집단과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 염기치환율(p값)은 공통 절편 비율(p값)을 토대로 하여 얻어졌으며 그 값은 0.004에서 0.064의 범위 내의 값으로 측정되었다. 하동과 제주 집단을 제외한 5개 집단의 비교에서는 비교적 낮은 침의 염기 치환율을 보였으나 제주와 나머지 집단들과의 비교에서는 염기치환율이 높게 측정되었다. 염기 치환율과 관련지어 염기 분화 연대를 측정한 결과 도룡뇽 7개 집단은 3개의 group으로 나뉘어 졌으며 이들은 약 188만년전에 분화된 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.933-938
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• 2003

This study was performed to analyse the sequences of variations of mtDNA D-loop and their effects on carcass traits in Hnawoo(Korean cattle). The resulting sequences were compared with previously published sequences for other cattle breeds(GenBank J01394). The PCR was used to amplify a total of 964 bp between nucleotide 15758 and 383 within D-loop region of mtDNA using specific primers. Twenty five polymorphic sites by nucleotide substitution were found in mtDNA of Hanwoo. The frequencies of positions at 169, 16042, 16093, 16119, 16255 and 16302 nt with high levels of sequence polymorphism were 0.891, 0.117, 0.109, 0.182, 0.197 and 0.117, respectively. The substitution effect at 169 and 16119 nt was found significant on marbling score. Also substitution effect at 169 and 16042 nt was highly significant(p〈0.01) on backfat. thickness. Polymorphism of mtDNA sequence in D-loop region could be useful for the analysis of cytoplasmic genetic variation and associations with the other economically important traits and maternal lineage analysis in Hanwoo.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

This study was performed to analyze the sequence variation in mtDNA D-loop and their effects on milk and milk fat production in Holstein cows. The analyzed sequences were compared with previously published sequences from other cattle breeds (GenBank J01394). PCR was performed to amplify a total of 964 bp between nucleotide 15758 and 383 within D-loop region of mtDNA using specific primers. Thirty five polymorphic sites by nucleotide substitution were found in mtDNA. The frequencies of positions at 106, 169, 16057, 16231 and 16255 nt with high levels of sequence polymorphism were 0.090, 0.555, 0.055, 0.090 and 0.050, respectively. The substitution effect at 169 nt was found significant on milk production, and substitution effect at 16118, 16139 and 16302 nt was highly significant (p<0.1) on milk fat production. Polymorphism of mtDNA sequence in D-loop region might be useful for the analysis of cytoplasmic genetic variation and associations with the other economically important traits and maternal lineage analysis in Holstein cows.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.729-734
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• 2004

This study was performed to analyze the sequence variations of mtDNA D-loop and their effects on milk in Hanwoo(Korean cattle). The resulting sequences were compared with previously published sequences for other cattle breeds (GenBank JOI394). The Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed to amplify a total of 964 bp between nucleotide 15758 and 383 within D-loop region of mtDNA using specific primers. Twenty polymorphic sites by nucleotide substitution were found in mtDNA D-loop region of Hanwoo. The frequencies of positions at 8, 169, 16042, 16051, 16057, 16093, 16119, 16122, 16209, 16255 and 16302 nt with high levels of sequence polymorphism were 0.150, 0.950, 0.085, 0.138, 0.106, 0.085, 0.138, 0.212, 0.085, 0.148 and 0.180, respectively. The substitution effect at 16119(p<0.1) and 16185(p< 0.05) nt was found significant on milk production. Polymorphism of mtDNA sequence in D-Ioop region could be useful for the analysis of cytoplasmic genetic variation and associations with the other economically important traits and maternal lineage analysis in Hanwoo.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.393-397
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• 1999

Length variations in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) offer useful markers in the study of female aspects of human population history. One such length variation is a 9-bp deletion in the small noncoding segment located between the COII and Iysine tRNA genes (COII/tRNA/$^{Lys}$ intergenic region) which usually contain two tandemly arranged copies of a 9-bp sequence (ccccctcta) in human mtDNA. The mtDNA 9-bp deletion and polymorphic variants of expanded 9-bp repeat motif in the intergenic COII/tRNA$^{Lys}$ region have been found at varying frequencies among different human ethnic groups. We have examined the length variation of the mtDNA COII/tRNA$^{Lys}$ intergenic region from a total of 813 individuals in east Asian populations. The occurrence of the 9-bp deletion was found to be relatively homogeneous in northeast Asian populations (Chinese, 14.2%; Japanese, 14.3%: Koreans, 15.5%), with the exception of Mongolians (5.1%). In contrast, Indonesians (25.0%) and Vietnamese (23.2%) of the southeast Asian populations appeared to have relatively high frequencies of the 9-bp deletion. We identified the existence of a new expanded 9-bp repeat motif which likely resulted from a slipped mispairing insertion of six more cytosines in the intergenic COII$^{Lys}$ region. It was present at low frequencies in the Korean (2/349) and Japanese populations (2/147). Based on the results of this study, the Korean population may reflect a close genetic affinity with the Japanese and Chinese populations than the others surveyed east Asian populations.