• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 1998

Many higher fungi of ascomycetes were collected at Mt.Odae, Mt.Moak, Mt.Jiri, Mt.Hanla, Mt.Manduck and Mt. Yonsuk form 1996 to 1997. They were identified and according to the result, the genera of Lachnellula, Encoelia and Hymenoscyphus and the species Peziza Praetervisa, Lachnellula pseudofarinacea, Dasyschyphus acutipilus, Encoelia Furfuracea, Hymenoscyphus equisetinus, Hypocera pulvinata, Nectria coryli and Nectria ellisii are newly to Korea. Korean common names of them were designed by author.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

Many higher fungi were collected at Mt.Manrae, Mt.Kirin, Mt.Nam, Mt.Unjang, Mt.Yonsuk, Mt.Minjuji from May, 2000 to June, 2001 and they were identified. As the result, Marasmius buxi, M. epiphylloides, M. hudsoni, Mycena erubescens, Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus, Panellus ringens, Lactarius aquiflus, Leccinum quericinum were newly discovered in Korea. They were designed Korean common names by author.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 1991

Antibiotic MT-497 was purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces nigr$^1H-NMR$ and composition of amino acids, MT-497 was identified as one of the actinornycin antibiotics containing actinocin chromophore and the peptide with threonine, proline, methyl valine, sarcosine and aspartic acid.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1996

This report is researched on the cause and mechanism of soil erosion in comparison among Kwangnung, Mt. Kaya, Mt. Chili, and Mt. Soorak by physical and chemical analyses of their for- est soils. Clay, silt, and fine sand of Mt. Soorak are far less than those of Mt. Chili, Mt. Kaya, and Kwangnung area while coarse sand is very high level. The clay ratio of soil at Mt. Soorak is the most high level in comparison with that of other area. Denudation at Mt. Soorak, therefore, is cause of erosion by the result of transportation of soil particles. The eroding velocity increase for larger particle size and stronger cohesion between soil particles. Very fine sand, silt, and clay can be present in suspension near the bottom and the size of the particles in suspension depends upon the velocity of the current near the bottom and the roughness of the bottom. Key words: Theoretical analyses, Soil erosion and conservation, Forest soils.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2021

The current study investigated cyber learners' use and perceptions of online machine translation (MT) tools. The results show that learners use several MT tools frequently and extensively for various second language learning (L2) purposes according to their needs. The learners' overall perceptions of using MT for English learning were generally positive. The learners reported several advantages of machine translation: ease of use, helpful feedback, effective revision, and facilitation of self-directed learning. At the same time, a considerable number of learners were aware of MT's drawbacks, such as awkward sentences, inaccurate grammar, and inappropriate words, and thus held a negative or skeptical view on the quality and accuracy of MT. These findings have important pedagogical implications for using MT in the context of a cyber university. For successful integration of MT in English classes, teachers need to provide appropriate guidelines and training that will help learners use MT effectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2024

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a multicopy genome found in mitochondria, is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations in mtDNA can lead to severe mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues and organs with high energy demand. MtDNA mutations are closely associated with mitochondrial and age-related disease. To better understand the functional role of mtDNA and work toward developing therapeutics, it is essential to advance technology that is capable of manipulating the mitochondrial genome. This review discusses ongoing efforts in mitochondrial genome editing with mtDNA nucleases and base editors, including the tools, delivery strategies, and applications. Future advances in mitochondrial genome editing to address challenges regarding their efficiency and specificity can achieve the promise of therapeutic genome editing.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

Evegradies 71' kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was grown at 160,000 plants per ha in a volcanic ash soil in Jeju island to determine the optimum frequency of split N application fer forage production. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied with 240 kg/ha, and frequencies of the split N applications were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times. Plant height averaged across two harvests increased from 187 to 201cm as N was split-applied from one to three applications and then decreased to 201cm in five applications. This pattern held for the number of branches and leaves per plant stem diameter and weight of plant per plant. Fresh forage yield increased from 91.8 to 114.2 MT/ha. dry matter yield from 12.70 to 16.6 MT/ha, crude protein yield from 1.75 to 2.48MT/ha, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 5.39 to 7.63 MT/ha as N was split-applied from one to four applications, and then decreased to 106.6, 15.0, 2.32, and 7.22 MT/ha in five applications, respectively As N was split-applied from one to five applications, crude protein content increased from 13.8 to 15.4%. ether extract content from 4.1 to 5.9%, and TDN content from 42.4 to 48.1%. but crude fiber decreased from 38.2 to 37.1% and crude ash content from 11.5 to 8.6%. Nitrogen free extract content was about 19.0% regardless of cutting height.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.529-533
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• 2011

Metallothioneins (MT) are a group of low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich, intracellular proteins that are encoded by a family of genes containing at least 10 functional isoforms in human. The expression and induction of these proteins is associated with protection against DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown increased expression of MT in various human tumors, whereas MT is down-regulated in certain tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and liver adenocarcinoma. Hence, the expression of MT is not universal to all human tumors but may depend on the differentiation status and proliferative index of tumors, along with other tissue factors and gene mutations. Using Northern blot analysis, we found that laminin induced expression of MT-1 in HSG and PC12 cells, which can be differentiated by laminin, but had no effect on MB-231, MDA-435, and PC-3 cells, which cannot be differentiated by laminin. In addition, we analyzed the expression level of the MT-1 gene in five prostate cancer cell lines possessing different metastatic potential. The expression of MT-1 in normal and less malignant cells (RWPE-1 and WPE1-NA22) was high and up-regulated by laminin, whereas the expression of MT-1 in WPE1-NB14, WPE1-NB11, and WPE1-NB26 cells (malignant) was extremely low and not elevated by laminin. These results suggest that the MT-1 gene is involved in laminin-mediated differentiation and affects the metastatic potential of tumor cells.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2024

The magnetotelluric (MT) survey can be affected by external environmental factors. In particular, when acquiring MT data in islands, it is essential to consider the combined effect of topography and sea to understand the results and make accurate interpretations. To analyze the MT response (apparent resistivity, phase) with consideration of the effect of topography and sea, a small cone-shaped island model surrounded by deep sea was created. Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) forward modeling were performed on the terrain model considering topography and the island model considering both topography and sea. The 2-D MT response did not reflect the topographic and sea effect of the direction orthogonal to the 2-D profile. The 3-D MT response included topographic and sea effects in all directions. The XY and YX components of the apparent resistivity were separated on undulating topography, such as a hill. A conductor at 1 km below sea level could be distinguished from topographic and sea effects in the MT response, and low resistivity anomaly was attenuated at greater depths. This study will facilitate understanding of field data measured on small islands.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 1997

In order to establish a optimum level and proper method of fly ash application for soybean cultivation, the successive three years experiment was conducted in the field applied with four application levels of fly ash, 0, 30, 60, 90 MT/ha during the 1991 to 1993. Influence of successive application and residue of fly ash in soil on soybean growth and yield was discussed. Fly ash application had a favorable effect on soybean growth, however over application such as 90 MT/ha caused to turn the color into the brown of young leaf edge and eventually to have necrosis on the leaf. This symptom was prominent under the application of bituminous coal fly ash. In the 1st year cultivation of soybean, the highest yield was obtained at application level of 30 MT/ha. In the 2nd year, application of anthracite fly ash showed the highest yield at 60 MT/ha for successive application and at 90 MT/ha for the 1st year application followed by the 2nd year residue. Application of bituminous coal fly ash showed the highest yield at 60 MT/ha for the both successive application and residue. In the 3rd year, successive application of the both fly ash was given the highest yield at 30 MT/ha, respectively indicating the decrease of yield with increasing level of application. In case of residue plot, the highest yield by the application of anthracite fly ash was made at 90 MT/ha for the 1st year application followed by 2 years residue and at 60 MT/ha for the 1st and 2nd year application followed by the 3rd year residue. But in the residue plot of bituminous coal fly ash, yield was highest at 30 MT/ha showing the decrease of yield with increasing level of residue. Enhancement in growth and yield of soybean by application of fly ash was due to the fact that fly ash contained some plant nutrients such as phosphorus, silicon, and boron etc. and reformed soil pH that caused to increase availability of nutrients in soil.