• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.647-655
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm difference between angular foot movement time and existing foot Fitts' law predicting times, and to develop the angular foot Fitts' law in the foot tapping task. Background: Existing studies of foot Fitts' law focused on horizontal movement to predict the movement time. However, when driving a car, humans move their foot from the accelerator to the brake with a fixed heel. Therefore, we examined the experiment to measure angular foot movement time in reciprocal foot tapping task and compared to conventional foot Fitts' law predicting time. And, we developed the angular foot Fitts' law. Method: In this study, we compared the angular foot movement time in foot tapping task and the predicted time of four conventional linear foot Fitts' law models - Drury's foot Fitts' law, Drury's ballistic, Hoffmann's ballistic, Hoffmann's visually-controlled. 11 subjects participated in this experiment to get a movement time and three target degrees of 20, 40, and 60 were used. And, conventional models were calculated for the prediction time. To analyze the movement time, linear and arc distance between targets were used for variables of model. Finally, the angular foot Fitts' law was developed from experimental data. Results: The average movement times for each experiment were 412.2ms, 474.9ms, and 526.6ms for the 89mm, 172mm, and 253mm linear distance conditions. The results also showed significant differences in performance time between different angle level. However, all of conventional linear foot Fitts' laws ranged 135.6ms to 401.2ms. On the other hand, the angular foot Fitts' law predicted the angular movement time well. Conclusion: Conventional linear foot Fitts' laws were underestimated and have a limitation to predict the foot movement time in the real task related angular foot movement. Application: This study is useful when considering the human behavior of angular foot movement such as driving or foot input device.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1982

Experiments on the eye movement behavior were performed using Vidicon Eye Camera. Factorial design ( $3{\times}3$) was used to evaluate the validity of the eye movement as a performance measure in vigilance task. Eye movement data were recorded in video tapes, then the data were converted to digital signals, which were reduced to quantitative fixation and saccadic movement data by a microcomputer. To compare with existing vigilance performance measures, response time and the number of false alarms were also recorded. The results showed that the saccadic movement is a good measure of the performance in vigilance task : 1. Both the response time and the saccadic movement increased significantly during the initial two time blocks. 2. High correlations were shown between the response time and the saccadic movement. 3. The locational uncertainty affects the saccadic movement, the number of fixations, the response time but doesn't affect the duration of eye fixations.

• Journal of Communication Design
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• v.38
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• pp.80-90
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in eye-tracking, which is one of the emotional reactions of the autonomic nervous system, against various experimental stimuli that vary in terms of the movement attributes of graphic image. This experiment conducted an analysis of variance of the movement factors(n) in each movement attribute(speed, horizontality movement, verticality movement, diagonal movement). Dependent variables were the fixation starting time, the fixation dwell time, the whole fixation time from stimulus appearance, and the eye-tracking length. The result of eye-tracking against movement speed showed nonsignificant differences for each movement attribute. In the horizontality movement, the → movement was higher than the ← movement. In the verticality movement, the ↑ movement was higher than the ↓ movement. In the diagonal movement, there was not significant differences for each movement attributes.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2003

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen on motor activity and toxicity in male mice. The modified Porsolt forced swim test (FST) was used and the distance and time of movement by mice were analyzed in 15。C water bath for 20 minutes using the automatic Ethovision videotracking system. Analyses were carried out before and after 20 minutes of exposure to 10％-70％ concentration of normobaric oxygen. The effects of inspired oxygen tension on the distance and time of movement showed the similar trends, but changes in distance were more prominent. Both the distance and time of movement increased after exposure to 30％ and 40％ oxygen concentration. The distance and time of movement also increased upon exposure to 50％ and 60％ oxygen. In contrast, increases En movement and time under exposure to 21％ oxygen concentration were suppressed when exposed to over 50％ oxygen concentration. With exposure to 10％ oxygen, there was a significant decrease in the distance of movement and a slight suppression of movement time. During the swim test, 12.5％, 37.5％, and 87.5％ of the mice drowned after exposure to 10％, 60％, and 70％ oxygen concentration, respectively. These results suggest that motor activity can be enhanced by inspired oxygen up to 40％ concentration. When hypoxic and hyperoxic oxygen exposure over 50％, motor activity is reduced and toxicity may be induced.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of three different types of preparatory movement(squat, countermovement and hopping) in sideward responsive propulsion movement. 7 healthy subjects performed left and right side movement task by external output signal. 3D kinematics were analyzed The results were followed First, performance time in the countermovement and hopping conditions was shorter(10-20%) than that in the squat condition. The hopping condition that is more related to pre-stretch showed excellent performance. Second, time difference between after turned on the external signal and until take off was the primary factor in performance results among movement conditions. The preparatory phase before the propulsive phase in the squat condition produced more time than that in other conditions. The hopping condition showed the most short time in both the preparatory and the propulsive phase, therefore it was advantage for performance result Third, significant difference was not found in take-off velocity among movement conditions although there was difference of the time required in the propulsive phase. The maximum acceleration in the propulsive phase was larger in order of the hopping. countermovement, and squat condition. The countermovement and hopping conditions showed high take-off velocity although the propulsive phase in those conditions was shorter than that in squat condition. The pre-stretch by preparatory countermovement was considered as the positive factor of producing power in concentric contraction. Fourth, the hopping condition produced large angular velocity of joints. In hopping condition, large amount of moment for rotation movement was revealed in relatively short time and it was considered to cause powerful joint movements. In conclusion, the hopping movement using countermovement is advantage of responsive propulsion movement. It is resulted from short duration until take off and large amount of joint moment and joint power in concentric contraction by pre-stretch.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.B
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

In this paper, we focus on a question. Which is better between time-based location update method and movement-based location update method? Or, does any other method combining the two methods show better performance? For the question, we propose a hybrid location update scheme, which integrates the time-based and the movement-based methods. In the proposed scheme, a mobile terminal updates its location after n cell boundary crossing and a time interval of T, or the inverse. We derive an analytical solution for the performance of the hybrid scheme with exponential cell resident time. From the numerical analysis, we conclude that the movement-based method seems to have better performance than the time-based and hybrid methods, that is the optimal costs occur at T=0.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.361-367
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• 2020

This study analyzed the factors consisting moving poster design. In order to analyze the elements of moving poster, the researcher reorganized the elements of moving posters by referring to the previous studies on printed posters, motion graphics and works of moving posters. In this study, moving poster components were classified into 'communication', 'visual and form', and 'sound'. In 'communication' section, moving posters had narrative elements, including scenes, because of the time and movement added by the poster's original function. The 'visual and form' section was classified into graphics, layouts, movement, and time. Graphics refered to various graphic objects constituting the screen such as photo, illustration, typography, color, diagram. Layout means screen layout, size, and orientation of the screen. Movement section was divided into 'subject of movement' and 'attributes of movement'. Time was classified physical time such as playing time and subjective time felt by the audience. Also, the researcher categorized 'sound' as an additional section, since most moving posters did not include sound.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 1998

This study investigated and summarized the history of peasant movement which had been done by various peasant associations Yesan, Hongsong, and Tangjin from the beginning of Korean Catholic Peasant Movement from 1970 to 1995. First of all, we classified all the peasant movements(Yesan ; 120 times, Hongsong; 113 times and Tangjin; 107 times / total; 340 times) into 5 categories composed of movement time, movement type, movement method, the number of participators, and the movement subjects(issues). The frequency of peasant movement from 1990 to 1995, occupied 65.6%, which shows that the peasant movement was the most active during the time. The frequency of movement type, were we could find out, self-dependence type(62.9%), resistance type(15.6%) and request type(21.5%). The active way like congregation, demonstration, sit-in, rice file up struggle occupied 28.8% and it got the first place in movement way. In the movement subject category, the construction of organizations and solidarity activity amounted to 37.8% and democratization item(the union democratization and the social democratization related peasant) covered 16.8%. The 98 times of peasant movement were done in the active ways such as congregation and demonstration. However we cannot find these active ways in 1970s. In 1980s, the frequency of each item (congregation, demonstration, publicity and propaganda) was 28 times. But in 1990s, the frequency of congregation, or demonstration was higher than the others. The number of participators in peasant movement increased during 1980s∼1990s. The movement of which participators were 100∼499 was 32 times in 1980s and 70 times in 1990s each time. Such large scale movement amounted to over 30%. Furthermore, the large scale movement in which over 500 people participated amounted to 12 times in 1990s.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2014

Wireless communication offers the flexibility to the node movement at the spatial dimension more than the wire communication not only in IP architecture but also in Content-Centric Networking. Although it gives such advantage, the intra-domain movement of a node especially the data source node affects the communication to the access point node which in the end affects the acceptance ratio of the client node that requests the data packets from the data source node. In this paper, we use time-division access method to maintain the acceptance ratio of the client node as the effect of the intra-domain data source node movement in Content-Centric Networking. The simulation result shows that the acceptance ratio of the client node can be maintained using the time-division access method as long as the interval access time is less than the coherence time.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.101-108
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• 1995

This paper presents an experiment which examines eye movement characteristics of novice and experienced workers in the press operation. Signficant difference between the novice and the experienced workers was observed in eye fixation time, eye movement patterns, hand duration time, and hand movement time. The results could be used to set up a guide to train the novice workers and to determine how long the novice should be trained.