• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1469-1475
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• 2004

피부는 외부의 물리적 화학적 자극으로부터 신체를 보호하는 중요한 역할을 하며 노화에 따른 조직의 형태학적인 변화를 쉽게 관찰할 수 있는 기관이다. 동결건조한 배추김치, 갓김치, 부추김치를 식이에 10%씩 첨가하여 hairless mouse에 16주간 섭취시켜 피부조직에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 노화가 진행됨에 따라 표피의 두께는 감소하며 본 실험에서 대조군에 비해 김치섭취군에서 유의적으로 두꺼운 것으로 나타났다. 피부 각질화에 관여하는 cytokeratin은 대조군에 비해 갓, 배추, 부추김치군의 순으로 낮았는데 전자현미경적 소견으로도 대조군에서 각질층은 중간원섬유들이 치밀하게 분포된 매우 두꺼운 각질층이 보인 반면 갓김치, 배추김치, 부추김치군은 얇은 각질층으로 배열되어 있었다. 상피기저막의 type Ⅳ 콜라겐은 갓김치섭취군에서 현저하게 증가되어 갓김치 성분들이 피부의 기저막의 노화를 억제한 것으로 사료된다. 콜라겐 함량은 노화에 따라 감소하며 대조군에서 콜라겐의 합성에 관여하는 fibroblast의 RER 발달은 뚜렷하지 않았으나 갓김치군, 배추김치군에서는 RER의 발달이 현저하여 새로운 콜라겐 생성이 활발히 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 보아 많은 생리활성물질 및 항산화물질이 함유되어진 김치의 섭취는 피부노화를 방지할 수 있을것으로 기대되며 특히 갓김치의 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-35
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SPDJTK(SoPungDoJeokTangKami) and concurrent administration of AJ(Atopy cream, Jawoongo)+SPDJTK on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by using in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse induced by BMAC-induced mice. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice were evaluated. Moreover, the cytokine level, total cell number, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue were used in NC/Nga mice. Results Orally administrated SPDJTK with concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ decreased the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, serum total IgE & IgG1, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$. Also, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD69+, CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+, CD4+CXCR5+ in ALN, absolute cell number of CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+ in DLN, granulocytes in PBMCs, activation cell number of CD3+CD69+, CCR3+, total cell number of CD3+ T cell in dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis, infiltrated inflammatory immune cell and mast cell in dermis, amount of Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue, gene expression of IL-5, IL-13 mRNA in ALN, CD4+ Th cell in dorsal skin tissue and CCR3+ eosinophils in ALN were all significantly decreased. However, total number of DLN, absolute number of CD3e+ T cell and CD19+ B cell, absolute number of CD4+, number of Th cell in DLN and gene expression of foxp3 mRNA were significantly increased significantly. Conclusions Concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

Background: Minor histocompatibility HY antigen, as a transplantation antigen, has been known to cause graft rejection in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) matched donor-recipient. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of male antigen (HY) disparity on MHC matched pancreatic islet transplantation and to examine the mechanism of the immune reaction. Methods: Pancreatic islets were isolated and purified by collagen digestion followed by Ficoll gradient. The isolated islets of male C57BL6/J were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of syngeneic female mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocine. Blood glucose was monitored for the rejection of engrafted islets. After certain period of time, tail to flank skin transplantation was performed either on mouse transplanted with HY mismatched islets or on sham treated mouse. The rejection was monitored by scoring gross pathology of the engrafted skin. Results: HY mismatched islets survived more than 300 days in 14 out of 15 mice. The acceptance of second party graft (male B6 islets) and the rejection of third party graft (male BALB/c islets) in these mice suggested the tolerance to islets with HY disparity. B6 Skin with HY disparity was rejected on day $25{\pm}7$. However, HY mismatched skin transplanted on the mice tolerated to HY mismatched islets survived more than 240 days. Tetramer staining in these mice indicated the CTL recognizing MHC Db/Uty was not deleted or anergized. Conclusion: The islet transplantation across HY disparity induced tolerance to HY antigen in C57BL6 mouse, which in turn induced tolerance to HY mismatched skin, which otherwise would be rejected within 25 days. The MHC tetramer staining suggested the underlying mechanisms would not be clonal deletion or anergy.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.263-291
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of YHJST on atopic dermatitis in an experiment using an NC/Nga mice induced by DNCB, which has histological and clinical similarities to the condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of YHJST on atopic dermatitis(AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of NC/Nga ato-mouse. Results YHJST medicines decreased Serum level of IgE, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$. Also total number of $CD69^+$, $CD3^+$ in PBMCs, absolute cell number of $CCR3^+CD3^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in Dorsal skin tissue, Serum IgG1, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b decreased significantly. Furthermore YHJST is extremely effective to histological symptoms; dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and suppressed histologic infiltration of $CD4^+$ & $CCR3^+$ in ear and dorsal skin lesions significantly. YHJST decreased gene-expression of IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, CCR3, Eotaxin mRNA than that of control group. Conclusions YHJST on atopic dermatitis to atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mouse induced DNCB was incredibly effective.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2020

Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin disorders, with a global prevalence of 2% - 3%. It is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by excessive generation of plaques on the skin with typical long-lasting red, itchy, and scaly lesions. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-psoriatic effect of the methanolic extract of Persicaria senticosa (PS), a bioactive edible plant extract used in traditional medicine, using a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. The daily topical application of IMQ could induce human psoriasis-like lesion. The extract ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores indicated that topical application of PS led to an improvement in erythema, scaling, and thickness scores of the mouse dorsal skin and a considerable decrease in the epidermal thickness of the ear and dorsal skin in the IMQ-induced psoriatic mouse model. We also studied the effect of PS on the proliferation of keratinocytes using HaCaT cells. The extract inhibited cell proliferation and IL-6 and pSTAT3 expression induced by M5 cocktail (comprising interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in HaCaT cells. Thus, PS might serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of psoriasis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.695-699
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• 2009

UV irradiation causes skin-aging involving coarse wrinkles, thickening, dyspigmentation, and rough skin surface. This study was carried out to develop health & functional food by using Korean red ginsneg and Fagopyrum esculentum extract mixture (RGFE) for prevention of skin wrinkles. The RGFE-treated group showed the more effective collagenase inhibition rate than the red ginseng (RG)-treated group. To investigate photo protective effects of RGFE on UV-induced damaged skin, SKH hairless male mice were orally administerd RGFE and regional treatment and irradiated with UV for up to 8 weeks. In RGFE-treated group, better skin, and less wrinkle formation were observed compared with UV group. Epidermal thickness of hairless mouse was significantly decreased in RGFE, RG, and Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) groups compared with UV group. These results demonstrate RGFE have photo-protective effects on UV-damaged hairless mouse skin.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2017

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory dermatitis with immunological disturbances. Spleen deficiency (脾虛) is one of the major causes of AD, so development of animal model is required for AD research that reflects the pattern identification. The groups that we have used in this study included Senna folium extracts (SFE), 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and normal mice. Therefore, the present study was developed to atopic dermatitis mouse model with spleen deficiency in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and senna leaves extracts induced AD in NC/Nga mice. The results demonstrated that senna leaves extract treatment significantly increased the dermatitis clinical score and epidermal thickness in AD-like skin lesions. We also proved beyond doubt that there was occurrence of erythema and skin moisture indices in the senna leaves extract groups. Further, we also found that the level of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the senna leaves extract-treated group was increased. The amount of IL-4, IL-13, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ mRNA determined by real-time PCR was increased remarkably when senna leaves extract groups were treated on dorsal skin. Senna leaves extract groups significantly promoted the number of CD11B+/Gr-1 cell in skin, as well as the number of CD4+/CD8+ cell in dorsal skin compared with control. The review summarizes recent process in our understanding of the immunopathophysiology of spleen deficiency AD and the implications for spleen deficiency mouse models of AD on drug discovery from medical plants.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.76-103
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• 2021

Objectives This study was designed to examine the effect of Gleditsiae Fructus n-hexane (GSF_Hx) on two different groups (on the LPS-induced activation of Raw264.7 cells in vitro, and on the DNCB-induced activation of atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice in vivo) to find index components and active components of Gleditsiae Fructus. Methods GSF_Hx was analyzed by HPLC profiling and confirmed echinocystic acid (EA), oleanolic acid (OA) as index components of Gleditsiae Fructus. Using GSF_Hx, EA, OA, we investigated IL-6, TNF-α, NO production by ELISA analysis and evaluated manifestations of MAPKs transcription factors and NF-κB p65 translocation by western blotting. During In vivo study, atopic dermatitis was induced on NC/Nga Tnd mice by DNCB and administered GSF_Hx, EA, OA orally, and checked skin lesions and measured skin clinical score. Serum IgE level, Th1 and Th2 cytokines secretion and modulating molecular mediators and immune cells in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, PBMCs, ALN and dorsal skin were also measured by real-time PCR. Then, skin rash was evaluated and mast cell distribution was verified by H&E and toluidine blue staining on dorsal skin. Results It is possible that GSF_Hx, EA and OA reduce inflammation and allergic response of atopic dermatitis by suppressing Th1 and Th2 cytokines secretion and modulating molecular mediators and immune cells. They also had moisturizing effect by raising vitality of ceramide in dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice. However, EA particularly had better overall activity data than OA, that EA could be a more effective active component of Gleditsiae Fructus than OA. Conclusions Based on the inflammatory reduction property with moisturizing effect, GSF_Hx may play a role in effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2014

Tea flavonoids and polyphenols are well known for their extraordinary antioxidant activity which is considered important for anti-aging processes in animals. This study evaluated the anti-wrinkle effects of three different kinds of tea (Camellia sinensis) water extracts (CSWEs) including green, white, and black teas using a photoaged hairless mouse model. Data showed that the CSWE-treatment greatly improved skin conditions of mice suffering from UVB-induced photoaging, based on the parameters including the skin erythema index, moisture capacity, and transepidermal water loss. In addition, the wrinkle measurement and image analysis of skin replicas indicated that CSWEs remarkably inhibited wrinkle formation. In histological examination, the CSWE-treated mice exhibited diminished epidermal thickness and increased collagen and elastic fiber content, key signatures for skin restoration. Furthermore, the reduced expression of MMP-3, a collagen-degradative enzyme, was observed in the skin of CSWE-treated animals. Interestingly, comparative data between green, white, and black tea indicated that the anti-wrinkle activity of white tea and black tea is equally greater than that of green tea. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrated that CSWEs could be used as an effective anti-wrinkle agent in photoaged animal skin, implying their extended uses in therapeutics.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

녹차의 주요 성분인 catechin은 항돌연변이, 항종양, 항균, 항바이러스 활성 및 콜레스테를 저하, 혈압 상승 억제, 해독, 방사선 차단 작용 등과 같은 다양한 생물학적 작용들이 보고되고 있다. 최근 환경 오염의 급증으로 인한 오존층의 파괴로 지표에 도달하는 자외선이 증가됨에 따라 피부노출 위험이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 피부암의 발생이 증가하는 추세이며 역학적 및 실험실적 연구에서 자외선 조사가 가장 큰 원인이라고 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 catechin이 UVB에 의해서 손상된 피부조직에 미치는 영향을 연구하였고 광발암과정에서 catechin의 억제효과가 apoptosis에 어떤 영향을 주어 작용하는지를 in vivo hairless mouse skin에서 연구하였다. 녹차잎에서 추출한 catechin을 hairless mouse를 대조군, catechin을 처리한 군, 자외선을 처리한 군, catechin과 자외선을 처리한 군으로 나누었으며 catechin의 농도는 3mg/mouse로 피부에 도포한 후 자외선을 100 mJ/$ extrm{cm}^2$ 조사하였다. 자외선에 의한 피부조직에 미치는 catechin의 영향을 H&E stain을 실시하여 확인하였고, apoptosis에 미치는 catechin의 보호효과를 알아보기 위해 DNA laddering 형성 여부와 TUNEL assay로 확인하였으며 western blot을 이용하여 apoptoic activity와 관련된 단백질인 p53연구하였다. 또한 자외선에 의한 세포증식에 미치는 catechin을 영향을 bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) 면역염색방법을 이용하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구결과 자외선에 의하여 피부는 진피층의 교원섬유의 증가가 정상피부보다 2~3배 비후되었고, 염증세포의 침윤과 섬유화세포 등이 관탈되었으며 표피층은 두꺼워졌으나 상피세포가 소실되어 1~2층으로 되었다. UVB조사와 catechin을 2주간 처리한 후의 mouse의 피부는 표피층이 9~12층으로 이루어져 있었고, 세포의 핵은 과염색성을 보이며 커져있어 손상된 표피층 상피세포가 재생되고 있음을 확인하였다. Apoptosis에 미치는 결과에서 UVB 조사군은 apoptosis의 대표적 특징인 DNA fragmentation이 관찰되었고, UVB와 catechin을 처리한 군에서는 생성되지 않아 뚜렷한 보호효과를 나타내었다. TUNEL assay를 실시한 결과 UVB군과 catechin 군을 비교하였을 때 UVB+catechin군에서 apoptotic cells이 유의성 있는 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. Apoptosis 관련 단백질인 p53발현을 살펴본 결과 대조군과 비교해볼 때 UVB군과 UVB와 catechin을 처리한 군간에서는 차이가 없었다. 자외선에 의한 세포증식에 미치는 catechin의 영향을 살펴본 결과 BrdU에서는 UVB군과 UVB+catechin군을 비교하였을 때 UVB+catechin군에서 BrdU 세포수가 유의성 있는(p<0.05) 감소를 보였다. 본 연구 결과에 의해 녹차의 주요성분인 catechin은 자외선에 의해 유도되는 세포증식 및 apoptosis를 억제하고, 세포손상, 세포증식 및 apoptosis를 억제시킴을 확인하였다.