• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

Background: In contrast to evidences of Ig H chain receptor editing in transformed cell lines and transgenic mouse models, there has been no direct evidence that this phenomenon occurs in human developing B cells. Methods: $V_HDJ_H$ rearrangements were obtained from genomic DNA of individual $IgM^-$ B cells from liver and $IgM^+B$ cells from bone marrow of 18 wk of gestation human fetus by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Results: We found three examples of H chain receptor editing from $IgM^+$ and $IgM^-human$ fetal B cells. Two types of $V_H$ replacements were identified. The first involved $V_H$ hybrid formation, in which part of a $V_H$ gene from the initial VDJ rearrangement is replaced by part of an upstream $V_H$ gene at the site of cryptic RSS. The second involved a gene conversion like replacement of CDR2, in which another $V_H$ gene donated a portion of its CDR2 sequence to the initial VDJ rearrangement. Conclusion: These data provide evidence of receptor editing at the H chain loci in developing human B cells, and also the first evidence of a gene conversion event in human Ig genes.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 CCD 칼라 영상을 이용하여 인간의 감성을 인식할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 CCD 카메라에 의해 획득한 칼라 영상으로부터 피부색 추출 방법을 이용하여 얼굴을 추출한다. 그 다음, 추출된 얼굴 영상으로부터 인간 얼굴의 특징점(눈썹, 눈, 코, 입) 들을 추출하는 방법과 각 특징점들 간의 구조적인 관계로부터 인간의 감성(놀람, 화남, 행복함, 슬픔)을 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 신경회로망을 이용하여 학습시킴으로써 인간의 감성을 인식한다. 마지막으로, 제안된 방법은 실험을 통해 그 응용 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.131-148
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• 2005

This study is peformed to investigate the effect of water extract from Vaccinium uliginosum L., on melanin production in B 16 melanoma cells, procollagen production and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) inhibition in human fibroblast cells. One hundred grams of the Vaccinium uliginosum L. was extracted with 2000 mL of water($90^{\circ}C$, 16h, 2times). The water extracts were lyophilized and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ until used. Dry weight yields of extracts of Vaccinium uliginosum L. were $3\%$(w/w). Extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. showed scavenger activities on DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen radical. And these substances inhibited release of cyiokines from human keratinocyte after UV B exposure. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had antioxidative effect. These substances inhibited purified tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B 16 melanoma cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\alpha}$. Moreover this extract stimulated procollagen production and inhibited MMP-1 production in human fibroblast cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\beta}$. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had whitening effect. And these substances decreased degree of wrinkle in hairless mouse skin that induced by UV B irradiation. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had anti-wrinkle effect. From the above results, it is possible that Vaccinium uliginosum L. may be developed to be an anti-melanogenesis agent and anti-wrinkle agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

The ethanolic extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) inner shell (CISE) and one of its components, ellagic acid (EA), were evaluated for their protective effects against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) free radical generation and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line. CISE and EA were shown to possess the free radical scavenging effect against DPPH radical generation, significantly. They were also found to strongly inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell, assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay and 8-hydroxy -2'-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-2'dG) assay. Furthermore, topical application of CISE [$12.5\%$(w/w) cream] and ellagic acid [$1.0\%$(w/w) cream] for 14 days potently inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) formation of mouse dorsal skin (a marker of lipid peroxidation) induced by ultraviolet B exposure. Therefore, CISE and its component, ellagic acid, may be the useful natural antioxidants by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting oxidative DNA damage when topically applied.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The effects of different formulation variables including pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), permeation enhancer, thickness of the matrix and loading amount of drug on the transdermal absorption of galantamine were investigated across the hairless mouse skin. The permeation profile of galantamine was different depending on the types of PSA, loading amount of drug, thickness of the matrix and type of enhancer used. Highest flux of galantamine was obtained from acrylic PSA but crystals were formed in the patch within 72 h. Among the PSAs screened, crystal formation was not observed only in the patches formulated in Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) matrix. Permeation rate increased linearly as the concentration of galantamine in SBS matrix increased from 2.5 to 15% w/w. Among the enhancers screened, Brij$^{(R)}$ 30 provided highest flux of galantamine. Matrix thickness of 80 ${\mu}m$ was optimum for maintaining adhesiveness as well as consistently delivering galantamine for longer period of time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Novel tyrosinase inhibitors are important for pigmentation in the skin. Following extraction of tyrosinase inhibitors from edible vegetables or fruits, we found that the Prunus persica flesh extract (PPFE) exhibited potential inhibitory activity for melanogenesis. PPFE showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity in an enzymatic assay and PPFE also significantly inhibited the melanin formation in cultured mouse melan-a cells. Moreover, real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the inhibition of melanin production by PPFE was closely related to marked suppression of mRNA expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2) in melan-a cells. Further investigation found that the modulation of tyrosinase expression by PPFE was associated with the transcriptional regulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). PPFE inhibited the promoter activity of MITF and suppressed MITF mRNA expression in melan-a cells. These results indicate that PPFE down-regulates melanogenesis-associated gene expression through MITF-mediated transcriptional regulation and these events might be related to the hypopigmentary effects of PPFE.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1995

국매리복의 독성을 조사하기 위하여 1992년과 1993년 봄과 가을에 인천과 안산에서 31개체를 구입하여 조직별 독성을 조사하였다. 조직의 최고 독성으로 보아 생식선(수컷, 4,920MU/g; 암컷, 2,500MU/g) 간장(1,680MU/g)과 근육(1,600MU/g)은 맹독이었으며, 내장(950 MU/g)과 껍질(550MU/g)은 강독이었다. 이들의 평균 독성은 모두 강독으로 나타났다. 한편 간장, 내장의 독성은 가을철보다 봄철에 더욱 강하여서 계절 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 국매리복이 맹독성의 복어임을 입증하는 것이므로, 따라서 이들의 섭식으로 인한 중독 예방을 위한 조치가 필요하겠다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.537-541
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• 2020

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors have been implicated in atopic dermatitis. S1P₂ was found to function as a proallergic receptor, while its antagonist JTE-013 was found to suppress allergic asthma in mice. Topical application of JTE-013 has not been investigated in an in vivo model of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of JTE-013 topical application was evaluated by the use of a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model. DNCB-induced inflammation and mast cell accumulation in skin tissues were significantly suppressed by topical JTE-013 treatment in BALB/c mice. DNCB-induced increase of lymph nodes sizes and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ) in lymph nodes were also significantly reduced by the JTE-013 treatment. Elevated serum levels of IgE were significantly suppressed by the topical treatment of JTE-013. In summary, the topical treatment of JTE-013 S1P₂ antagonist suppressed DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms and immune responses. These results suggested JTE-013 as a potential therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 컬러 영상을 이용하여 인간의 감성을 인식할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 컬러 영상으로부터 색모델을 이용하여 피부색 영역을 추출한다. 그 다음, 추출된 피부색 영상으로부터 Eigenface를 이용하여 얼굴 영역을 검출한다. 마지막으로, 얼굴 영역으로부터 인간 얼굴의 특징 점(눈썹, 눈, 코, 입)들을 추출하고, 각 특징 점들 간의 구조적인 관계로부터 인간의 감성(기쁨, 놀람, 슬픔, 분노)을 인식하는 퍼지 모델을 구성한다. 이 모델로부터 퍼지 이론을 이용하여 최종적으로 인간의 감성을 추론한다. 마지막으로, 제안된 방법은 실험을 통해 그 응용 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

팩맨(Pacman)은 세계적으로 사랑을 받는 클래식 게임의 종결자로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 클래식 게임인 팩맨을 키보드나 마우스를 사용하지 않고 간단한 손동작만으로 게임을 플레이 할 수 있도록 한다. 즉, 손의 좌표 중심점을 이용하여 방향키를 대신할 수 있도록 한 모션을 이용한 게임이다. 또한 캠을 이용하여 MFC 다이얼로그에 영상을 받아 손에 대한 포인터를 추출하여 손의 움직임에 따라 몬스터의 움직임도 바뀌도록 한다. 본 논문에서 피부색 추출을 위해 RGB 영상을 YCbCbr영상으로 변환하고, 보다 좋은 영상을 얻기 위하여 곱 연산과 하이브리드 미디언 필터링을 이용하였다. 그리고 손 영역의 무게 중심을 구하여 이를 중심으로 손 영역의 움직임을 구하는 방법을 사용하였다.