• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and endemic in developing countries. A lack of adequate and definitive chemotherapeutic agents to fight against this infection has led to the investigation of numerous compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RT-01, an organotellurane compound presenting biological activities, in 2 experimental systems against Leishmania amazonensis. The in vitro system consisted of promastigotes and amastigotes forms of the parasite, and the in vivo system consisted of L.amazonensis infected BALB/c mice, an extremely susceptible mouse strain. The compound proved to be toxic against promastigotes and amastigotes. The study also showed that treatment with RT-01 produces an effect similar to that treatment with the reference antimonial drug, Glucantime, in L.amazonensis infected mice. The best results were obtained following RT-01 intralesional administration (720 ${\mu}g$/kg/day); mice showed significant delay in the development of cutaneous lesions and decreased numbers of parasites obtained from the lesions. Significant differences in tissue pathology consisted mainly of no expressive accumulation of inflammatory cells and wellpreserved structures in the skin tissue of RT-01-treated mice compared with expressive infiltration of infected cells replacing the skin tissue in lesions of untreated mice. These findings highlight the fact that the apparent potency of organotellurane compounds, together with their relatively simple structure, may represent a new avenue for the development of novel drugs to combat parasitic diseases.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2007

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and the pathogenesis of AD is associated with the release of various cytokines/chemokines due to activated $Th_2$ immune responses. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide in the context of particular base sequence (CpG motifs) are known to have the immunostimulatory activities in mice and to convert from Th2 to Th1 immune responses in AD. We aimed to investigate that CpG ODN, especially phosphodiester form, can stimulate the protective immunity in NC/Nga mice with AD. We isolated BMDCs from NC/Nga mice and then, cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, and treated for 2 days by either phosphorothioate ODN or phosphodiester ODN. CpG ODN-treated DCs resulted in more production of IL-12. When CpG ODN-treated DCs were intravenously injected into the NC/Nga mice, the NC/Nga mice with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed significant improvement of AD symptoms and decrease of IgE level. Histopathologically, the NC/Nga mice skin with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed the decreased IL-4 and TARC expression comparing with non-injected mice. These results may suggest that phosphodiester CpG ODN-treated DCs might function as a potent adjuvant for AD in a mouse model.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Torreyae semen extract against antimicrobial and allergic contact dermatitis to explore its utility as a herbal resource. To this end, the antibacterial effects of Torreyae Semend extracted with hot water and ethanol (30%, 60%, 90%) were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes. And observed the anti-atopic dermatitis efficacy with a mouse model that allergic contact dermatitis induced by DNCB. Experimental results showed that the antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was significantly higher in the hot water extract of Torreyae Semen. We observed that the extracts of 30% ethanol and hot water of Torreyae Semen inhibited growth in a concentration-dependent manner in P. acnes & S. epidermidis. We observed that the administration of hot water extracts and 30% ethanol extract of Torreyae Semen significantly reduce the thickness of ear & back and gross skin condition compared to the control group in the mice with allergic contact dermatitis. As a result of H & E histological staining, it was observed that the Torreyae Semen extraction group had markedly reduced epidermis and skin thickness, granules, and keratinization compared to the control group. The groups administrated with Torreyae Semen hot water extracts had decreased TNF-α and IL-10 contents compared with the control group. As a result, Torreyae Semen may be used as a useful herbal resource because it has a certain level of antibacterial and anti-atopic effects.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2011

Bee venom (BV) has been used as a treatment for a wide variety of ailments such as inflammatory diseases in korean traditional medicine. Despite its well documented anti-inflammatory property, it has not been fully demonstrated regarding the influence of BV against Propionibactierium acnes (P. acnes), which promotes follicular inflammation (inflammatory acne). This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory property of BV against P. acnes in vivo. To induce inflammation in vivo using P. acnes, $1{\times}10^7$ CFU of living P. acnes were intradermally injected into the ear of mice. BV (1, 10, 100 ${\mu}g$) in vaseline was applied epicutaneously on the ear resulting in P. acnes-induced ear swelling and inflammation. Epicutaneous administration of BV with P. acnes decreased the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in the ear, thereby relieving P. acnes-induced ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation, especially at the dose of 1 ${\mu}g$ of BV. In this report, we demonstrated the therapeutic effects of BV on P. acnes-induced inflammation in vivo using the mouse model. These data highlight the potential of using BV as an alternative treatment to the antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to provide the information about Bojungikki-tang by domestic papers and theses. Method : Domestic papers related to Bojungikki-tang were reviewed and analyzed. These papers were classified by year, research method, experimental method, and subject. Result : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. The study of Bojungikki-tang started from 1984 and continued steadily. 2. The domestic papers about Bojungikki-tang were 47 volumes. Among them, there were 26 volumes since 2000. 3. Classified by research method from the year 2000, 20 experimental studies, 4 clinical experiments, and 2 documentary researches. 4. Classified by experimental method from the year 2000, 10 studies used mouse in vivo experiment and 4 studies used rat in vivo experiment and 6 studies used each cell in vitro experiment. 5. Classified by subject from the year 2000, papers related to immune enhancing effect, nerve and mental system, radiation protection effect, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, remedy of diabetes, skin protection and so on. Conclusion : Many papers of experimental studies, clinical experiments and documentary researches related Bojungikki-tang are included in domestic journals. Bojungikki-tang is being researched variously in immune enhancing effect, nerve and mental system, radiation protection effect, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, remedy of diabetes, skin protection and so on. However, more clinical studies on Bojungikki-tang are needed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2011

선학초 추출물을 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위하여 미백효과를 검증하였다. 세포 내 tyrosinase 저해활성 측정결과 선학초 에탄올 추출물 $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 42%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이는 선학초 추출물이 세포 내 tyrosinase 발현을 억제시킴으로서 멜라닌 합성 또한 저해 하는 것임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 선학초 추출물의 단백질 발현과 mRNA 발현 억제효과를 검토한 결과 선학초 열수 및 에탄올 추출물을 처리한 B16F10군에서는 tyrosinase protein의 발현이 처리하지 않은 군보다 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 선학초 추출물의 미백효능을 확인할 수 있었으며, 식품 및 화장품의 기능성 소재로 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

This study conducted the following experiment to examine and compare transdermal permeation effects according to parameters of ultrasound and physiochemical characteristics of meloxicam. Permeation by ultrasound among these experimental drugs was relatively higher and it was involved in COX-2 inhibition unlike other drugs. Recently use of oral agents has been rapidly increased, but it was not generalized to transdermal agent and this study selected meloxicam that transdermal permeation research using ultrasound was not performed and conducted transdermal permeation experiment with skin of hairless mouse and analyzed permeation with HPLC. It made gel first and analyzed permeation depending on frequency and intensity of ultrasound of meloxicam with the same experimental procedures as the above experiment. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Transdermal permeation by ultrasound frequency was higher in 1.0 MHz and it was higher as intensity increased. In comparison by parameters of ultrasound, there was similar permeation in $1.0\;W/cm^2$ of continuous mode and $3.0\;W/cm^2$ of pulsed mode and it was effective to high intensity for using pulsed mode. It was found that duty cycle of ultrasound affected transdermal permeation in meloxicam gel used in this experiment and transdermal permeation was higher in used ultrasound as phonophoresis than non-ultrasound for anti-inflammatory effects.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives: Astragalus membranaceus has been reported to inhibit immune responses, but its effect on hair loss is not clear. In this study, the effect of A. membranaceus extract (AM) on hair regrowth in C57BL/6 mice with natural hair loss in the telogen phase was investigated. Methods: Mice with natural hair loss were topically treated with 1% AM on the dorsal skin for 2 weeks. Dorsal skin samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and probed with an anti-mouse CD8a IgG. The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ and interleukin (IL)-4 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: AM treatment induced hair regrowth in hair loss mice, while control mice suffered continued hair loss. Tapering hair shafts and broken hair follicles were decreased as well as CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration. In addition, the expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 were reduced by AM treatment. Also, AM treatment significantly increased the KGF expressions in Hs68 fibroblast cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that topical application of A. membranaceus may be an alternative therapy for hair loss.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

Purpose: This study conducted the following experiment to examine transdermal permeation effects or 500 KHz ultrasound with lidocaine HCl. Methods; First, to experiment skin permeation enhancement effects of 500 KHz ultrasound frequency, it produced apparatus and transducer of 500 KHz ultrasound and Franz diffusion cell for skim permenation experiment suitable to purposes of the experiment. Transdermal permeation experiment applied Lidocaine HCL gel to skin of hairless mouse depending on ultrasound frequency and duty cycle and analyzed permeation ratio with HPLC. Results: As a result of fixing lidocaine HCl gel at the same intensity with pulsed mode and continuous mode and comparing transdermal permeation ratio by frequency, transdermal permeation ratio was increased at 500 KHz ultrasound and remarkably increased at continuous ultrasound. It was found that 1 MHz and 500 KHz ultrasound in transdermal permeation experiment enhanced transdermal permeation of lidocaine HCl. In particular, transdermal permeation of 500 KHz using lidocaine HCl gel was highest. Conclusion: However, researches considering various frequencies, intensities and application hours in low frequency areas including 500 KHz ultrasound are needed to increase deep permeation or drugs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5371-5374
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• 2013

Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging therapeutic procedure suitable for the treatment of cervical cancer. However, the side effects of PDT are severe, including skin ulceration, so we designed an experiment to examine the effects of multiple low-dose photodynamic therapy of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (Tmpyp4) on tumour growth by utilizing a model in nude mice implanted with Hela cervical cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c nude mice (aged 5-6 weeks, weighing 18-20 g) were used. Hela cervical cancer cells were injected subcutaneously ($1{\times}10^7cells/200{\mu}L$). Ten days after injection, the mice were divided into three groups (n=6), the A group of controls without any treatment, the B group receiving a single-treatment with Tmpyp4 (10 mg/kg, intratumor injection) and irradiation (blue laser, $108J/cm^2$), and the C group given three-treatments with Tmpyp4 (10 mg/kg, intratumor injection) and irradiation at intervals of two days. After starting treatment, tumours were measured every two days, to assess growth. At 2 weeks after the last treatment of C group, tumour tissue and organs were collected from each mouse to evaluate tumor histology and organ damage. Results: Tumour growth in C group was significantly inhibited compared with A and B groups (P<0.05), without any injury to the skin and internal organs. Conclusion: Our novel findings demonstrated that multiple low-dose photodynamic therapy of Tmpyp4 could inhibit cervical cancer growth significantly with no apparent side effects.