• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2014

As a tumor suppressor homologue during mitosis, Chk2 is involved in replication checkpoints, DNA repair, and cell cycle arrest, although its functions during mouse oocyte meiosis and early embryo development remain uncertain. We investigated the functions of Chk2 during mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Chk2 exhibited a dynamic localization pattern; Chk2 expression was restricted to germinal vesicles at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, was associated with centromeres at pro-metaphase I (Pro-MI), and localized to spindle poles at metaphase I (MI). Disrupting Chk2 activity resulted in cell cycle progression defects. First, inhibitor-treated oocytes were arrested at the GV stage and failed to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD); this could be rescued after Chk2 inhibition release. Second, Chk2 inhibition after oocyte GVBD caused MI arrest. Third, the first cleavage of early embryo development was disrupted by Chk2 inhibition. Additionally, in inhibitor-treated oocytes, checkpoint protein Bub3 expression was consistently localized at centromeres at the MI stage, which indicated that the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) was activated. Moreover, disrupting Chk2 activity in oocytes caused severe chromosome misalignments and spindle disruption. In inhibitor-treated oocytes, centrosome protein ${\gamma}$-tubulin and Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) were dissociated from spindle poles. These results indicated that Chk2 regulated cell cycle progression and spindle assembly during mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.2208-2213
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• 2007

In this study we have developed a hyperspectrum imaging system for highly sensitive and effective imaging analysis. An optical setup was designed using acoustic optical tunable filter (AOTF) for high sensitive hyperspectrum imaging. Light emitted by mercury lamp gets split in to diffracted and undiffracted beams while passing though AOTF. GFP transfected HEK-293 cell line was used as a model for in vitro imaging analysis. Cells were first, analyzed by fluorescence microscope followed by flow cytometric analysis. Flow cytometric analysis showed 66.31% transfection yield in GFP transfected HEK-293 cells. Various images of GFP transfected HEK-293 cell were grabbed by collecting the diffracted light using a CCD over a dynamic range of frequency of 129-171 MHz with an interval of 3 MHz. Subsequently, for in vivo image analysis of GFP transfected cells in mouse, a whole-body-imaging system was constructed. The blue light of 488 nm wavelength was obtained from a Xenon arc lamp using an appropriate filter and transmitted through an optical cable to a ring illuminator. To check the efficacy of the newly developed whole-body-imaging system, a comparative imaging analysis was performed on a normal mouse in presence and absence of Xenon arc irradiation. The developed hyperspectrum imaging analysis with AOTF showed the highest intensity of green fluorescent protein at 153 MHz of frequency and 494 nm of wavelength. However, the fluorescence intensity remained same as that of the background below 138 MHz (475 nm) and above 162 MHz (532 nm). The mouse images captured using the constructed whole-body-imaging system appeared monochromatic in absence of Xenon arc irradiation and blue when irradiated with Xenon arc lamp. Nevertheless, in either case mouse images appeared clearly.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2024

Objective: R-loops are DNA:RNA triplex hybrids, and their metabolism is tightly regulated by transcriptional regulation, DNA damage response, and chromatin structure dynamics. R-loop homeostasis is dynamically regulated and closely associated with gene transcription in mouse zygotes. However, the factors responsible for regulating these dynamic changes in the R-loops of fertilized mouse eggs have not yet been investigated. This study examined the functions of candidate factors that interact with R-loops during zygotic gene activation. Methods: In this study, we used publicly available next-generation sequencing datasets, including low-input ribosome profiling analysis and polymerase II chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), to identify potential regulators of R-loop dynamics in zygotes. These datasets were downloaded, reanalyzed, and compared with mass spectrometry data to identify candidate factors involved in regulating R-loop dynamics. To validate the functions of these candidate factors, we treated mouse zygotes with chemical inhibitors using in vitro fertilization. Immunofluorescence with an anti-R-loop antibody was then performed to quantify changes in R-loop metabolism. Results: We identified DEAD-box-5 (DDX5) and histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) as candidates that potentially regulate R-loop metabolism in oocytes, zygotes and two-cell embryos based on change of their gene translation. Our analysis revealed that the DDX5 inhibition of activity led to decreased R-loop accumulation in pronuclei, indicating its involvement in regulating R-loop dynamics. However, the inhibition of histone deacetylase-2 activity did not significantly affect R-loop levels in pronuclei. Conclusion: These findings suggest that dynamic changes in R-loops during mouse zygote development are likely regulated by RNA helicases, particularly DDX5, in conjunction with transcriptional processes. Our study provides compelling evidence for the involvement of these factors in regulating R-loop dynamics during early embryonic development.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.715-718
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• 2009

시계열 데이터(time series data)는 특정 대상의 시간적 변동을 지속적으로 관측하여 얻은 값이다. 시계열 데이터의 자료수가 많아짐에 따라 자료의 효율적인 탐색을 위한 장치들이 개발되고 있다. 이 중에서 대화형의 자료 탐색(interactive data exploration)을 위한 동적 쿼리(dynamic query)의 대표적인 장치로 Timeboxes를 들 수 있다. Timeboxes는 관심영역에 해당하는 자료들을 보여주는 사각형 쿼리 장치이다. 사용자 본인의 관심 구간을 간단한 마우스 조작을 통해 사각형 형태로 나타내면 이 사각형 영역 내에 해당되는 자료들이 실시간으로 나타난다. 그러나, 구체적인 쿼리 영역을 설정하기에는 한계가 있고 사용자의 사고 모델(mental model)과는 불일치되는 쿼리 영역을 시각화 한다는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 DQB(Dynamic Query Band)를 제안한다. DQB는 시계열 데이터의 시각화 뷰에서 두께를 가지는 꺽은 선이 이루는 쿼리 영역을 말한다. 이 장치는 직관적이고 조작이 간편한 인터페이스를 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 구체적인 쿼리 영역 설정이 가능하고 좋은 개념 모델(Conceptual model)을 제공해 준다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2000

A new PC-based Engine Control system (ECS) is developed using an object oriented programming method. This system provides more convenient environment for engine tests, easier user interface and extended functions. A Windows-based ECS software is developed with class, and the class structure is built on encapsulation and abstraction. The closed-loop engine control scheme can be easily constructed by using dynamic link library and multitasking. This means that a user can perform desired experiments without clear knowledge of the hardware structure of the ECS. Also this system allows a user to individually control the ignition and fuel injection for each cylinder in a simple manner such as through a keyboard/mouse or in a real-time operation from a closed-loop control program.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.126-142
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• 2013

Objectives: Previous reports have shown that Bogijetong-Tang (BJT) is effective in peripheral neuropathy induced by taxol and crush injury. In this study, we researched the effects of BJT on diabetic neuropathy induced by STZ in the mouse. Methods: We performed both in vitro and in vivo experiments to verify the effects of BJT on diabetic neuropathy induced by STZ in mice. Changes in axonal recovery were observed with immunofluorescence staining using NF-200, Hoechst33258, $S100{\beta}$, caspase 3 and anti-cdc2. Proliferation and degeneration of Schwann cells were investigated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses. Results: BJT showed considerable effects on neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration in diabetic neuropathy. BJT contributed to the creation of NF-200, GAP-43, Cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$, active ${\beta}1$, ${\beta}3$ integrin, phospho-Erk1/2 protein. Conclusions: Through this study, we found that BJT is effective for enhanced axonal regeneration via dynamic regulation of regeneration-associated proteins. Therefore, BJT had a pharmaceutical property enhancing recovery of peripheral nerves induced by diabetic neuropathy and could be a candidate for drug development after more research.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2023

Muscle atrophy is characterized by the loss of muscle function. Many efforts are being made to prevent muscle atrophy, and exercise is an important alternative. Methylglyoxal is a well-known causative agent of metabolic diseases and diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether methylglyoxal induces muscle atrophy and to evaluate the ameliorative effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in a methylglyoxal-induced muscle atrophy animal model. Each mouse was randomly divided into three groups: control, methylglyoxal-treated, and methylglyoxal-treated within aerobic exercise. In the exercise group, each mouse was trained on a treadmill for 2 weeks. On the last day, all groups were evaluated for several atrophic behaviors and skeletal muscles, including the soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus were analyzed. In the exercise group, muscle mass was restored, causing in attenuation of muscle atrophy. The gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus muscles showed improved fiber cross-sectional area and reduced myofibrils. Further, they produced regulated atrophy-related proteins (i.e., muscle atrophy F-box, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myosin heavy chain), indicating that aerobic exercise stimulated their muscle sensitivity to reverse skeletal muscle atrophy. In conclusion, shortness of the gastrocnemius caused by methylglyoxal may induce the dynamic imbalance of skeletal muscle atrophy, thus methylglyoxal may be a key target for treating skeletal muscle atrophy. To this end, aerobic exercise may be a powerful tool for regulating methylglyoxal-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권5호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2008

웹사이트의 구조를 표현하고 설계하는 일반적인 방법으로 스토리보드나 사이트 맵 또는 플로우 차트 등을 사용하거나 또는 이들을 조합하여 사용하는 방법이 있다. 그러나 이들은 웹사이트의 전체 구조를 표현하기 어렵고 웹페이지 간의 세부적인 흐름 관계를 표현하기에 부적절한 면이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 다소 해결하기 위하여 EMFG(Extended Mark Flow Graph)를 이용하여 웹사이트를 표현하고 설계하려는 연구가 진행되었다. 그런데 이러한 기존의 연구는 웹사이트의 정적인 부분들을 대부분 표현하였기 때문에 동적인 웹사이트의 인터페이스를 표현하고 설계하기에는 부족한 점이 있다. 그리고 현재 인터넷의 생활화가 가속화되어 감에 따라 웹사이트의 구조가 더욱 다양하고 복잡하게 되었을 뿐 아니라 인터페이스도 많은 부분에서 동적인 부분을 포함하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 EMFG를 사용하여 복잡하고 다양한 웹사이트의 구조뿐만 아니라 동적인 인터페이스 - 예를 들어, 시간에 따라 변하는 페이지 구조 또는 마우스 동작에 따라 변하는 페이지 상태나 구조 등 - 를 표현하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 연구가 웹사이트를 설계하는데 많은 도움이 되고, 웹사이트의 유지보수에도 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.319-329
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• 2003

Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are pentacyclic triterpenoids which are widely distributed in plants, and their derivatives are aglycones of many naturally occurring saponins. It is known that pentacyclic acids may possibly enhance the mechanical barrier functions of cell membranes in plants. Recently, it has been reported that OA and UA have interesting biological activities on skin, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle activities. Since triterpenoids are extremely insoluble and their solubility problem limits skin-care application, OA and UA were encapsulated in liposomes via micelle-to-vesicle transition to overcome poorly soluble property and enhance biological efficacy. Optimal molar ratio of OA to lecithin was found to exist for producing liposomes of small hydrodynamic size and liposomal suspensions without recrystallized precipitation of OA. From electron micrograph and dynamic light scattering studies, reconstituted OA-containing liposomes without severe mechanical treatment showed small hydrodynamic size about 150 nm. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction coupled with dynamic light scattering revealed that optimal amount of OA in liposome was 25.4 mole %. In biological evaluation, OA-containing liposome significantly increased filaggrin and transglutaminase as markers of keratinocyte differentiation in epidermal layer of hairless mouse, whereas ursolic acid-containing liposome did not show noticeable increase of filaggrin and transglutaminase compared to empty liposome. It is concluded that nano-scaled liposomes containing triterpenoids were spontaneously prepared by vesicular transition from mixed micelle and liposomal triterpenoids can enhance skin absorption of triterpenoid and biological efficacy.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2000

Based on the contents of probability and statistics areas in the seventh curriculum, we developed a statistics education model programmed by visual basic for upper grade students of elementary schools. The model that was consisted of ten modules can be easily manipulated by elementary schools students. The objects with a variety of colors are presented on P.C monitor and dynamic functions are performed by clicking a mouse. According to the survey after using the model, students positively evaluated the contents and characteristics and showed great interest in the model. We will upload the execution files of the model on our homepage. One can download and use them free.