• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

As the imports of foreign agricultural products are liberalized and the consumption of agricultural products declines, abandoned rice paddy fields continues to rise. However, such abandoned rice paddy fields has not been precisely surveyed yet. In this backdrop, a necessity to develop technology to utilize such abandoned rice paddy fields has emerged. Utilization of abandoned rice paddy fields as wetlands may be a good example. This study aimed to survey the current status and characteristics of wetlands created within abandoned rice paddy fields by selecting abandoned rice paddy fields throughout the nation and conducting field surveys on the sites that had transformed into wetlands. The abandoned rice paddy fields almost transformed into wetland and the types of wetlands transformed from abandoned rice paddy fields were mainly Inland/Moutain/Depression/Abandoned rice paddy fields/Marsh/Phragmites communis community and Inland/Moutain/Depression/Abandoned rice paddy fields/Swamp/Salix koreensis community. Abandoned rice paddy fields that had transformed into wetlands was depending heavily on waterways for water supply than other reservoirs and lakes do. Abandoned rice paddy fields transformed into wetlands was most observed in mountainous area. Abandoned rice paddy fields are because agricultural land is no longer profitable due to international and social changes and is not cultivated as government policy. Wetland period and dimension originated from abandoned rice paddy fields are very various and its surrounding land its mostly forest and the next largest follow roads and rural community. The abandoned rice paddy fields transformed into wetlands is mostly deserted currently. Despite their value as wetlands, no restoration and utilization efforts are made in Korea today. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a precise current status survey on these areas and introduce management and restoration plans at the government level in the case of important habitats.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.187-210
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial characteristics of the longevity phenomenon and long-live areas in Korea where a rapid aging process is undergoing. Population data from 1966 to 2000 at the county level are analyzed to understand aging process and changes of longevity degree by regions. The relationship between the degree of longevity and a region's natural environments and distance to a metropolis has been analyzed to understand regional factors of longevity. The findings from the study are summarized as follows. Firstly, the rural regions in Honam show the highest degree of longevity in the nation. Secondly, the areas of the high degree of longevity has recently shifted and/or expanded from the islands and seashore areas of southwestern region to inland mountainous areas around Soback Mountain. Southern islands and seashore regions used to show the nation's highest degree of longevity in the 1970s. Thirdly, the analysis of regional environment factors indicated that longevity has more related to a precipitation and an average altitude than temperature. Fourthly, in order to identify the longevity factors in urban areas, social and economic factors should be considered beyond the natural environmental factors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.76-91
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of spatial characteristics, such as land cover and topography, on heat wave days from the city of Milyang, which has recently drawn attention for its heat wave problems. The number of heat wave days was calculated utilizing RCP-based South Korea climate data from 2000 to 2010. Land cover types were reclassified into urban area, agricultural area, forest area, water, and grassland using 2000, 2005, and 2010 land cover data constructed by the Ministry of Environment. Topographical features were analyzed by topographic position index (TPI) using a digital elevation model (DEM) with 30 m spatial resolution. The results show that the number of heat wave days was 31.4 days in 2000, which was the highest, followed by 26.9 days in 2008, 24.2 days in 2001, and 24.0 days in 2010. The heat wave distribution was relatively higher in agricultural areas, valleys, and rural areas. The topography of Milyang contains more mountainous slope (51.6%) than flat (19.7%), while large-scale valleys (12.2%) are distributed across some of the western region. Correlation analysis between heat wave and spatial characteristics showed that the correlation between forest area land cover and number of heat wave days was negative (-0.109), indicating that heat wave can be mitigated. Topographically, flat areas and heat wave showed a positive correlation (0.305). These results provide important insights for urban planning and environmental management for understanding the impact of land development and topographic change on heat wave.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.412-423
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the distribution and habitat of Tscherskia triton from 2014 to 2016 in Jeju Island. Nine individuals of T. triton were observed and captured from four habitat sites. Most of the habitats were of the natural and rural type, and urban type coexisted in some of the areas. The natural type of habitat comprised of forests, shrubs, and grasslands. The habitat of T. triton ranged vertically from 102 m in lowland to 742 m in a mountainous area and was not observed in altitude over 1,000 m. Small brooks, dry streams or wetlands were found to be located nearby the habitat of T. triton. The T. triton was distributed mainly in areas with natural vegetation and artificial plantation in company with the upper story vegetation on the ground of intact or incomplete layer structure, or the area with the relatively large distribution of shrubs and long grassland. The presence of roads and forest paths in these habitats suggested that the T. triton can thrive in areas with human disturbance. The designation of Halla Mountain National Park in Jeju Island as a conservation area prevents damage or loss of the habitat due to any artificial development. However, frequent human disturbances occurring in grassland is tolerated by small mammals. Therefore, in order to help T. triton maintain a stable population density, it is essential that various types of the habitat should be conserved in the middle mountain areas and the grasslands in lowlands should be well protected.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.3-12
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• 2004

It is necessary to manage water resources in rural areas in order to achieve proper development of new water resources, sustainable usage and reasonable distribution. This paper aims to analyze multi-temporal Landsat-7 ETM+data for soil moisture that is essential for crops in Ahnsung area. The ETM data was also fused with KOMPSAT-1 images in order to be used as backdrop watershed maps at first. Multi-temporal Images showed also the characteristics of soil moisture distribution. Images taken in April showed that rice paddy had as low reflectance as artificial features. Compared with April scenes, those taken in Hay and June showed wetness index increased in the rice paddies. The mountainous areas have almost constant moisture index, so the difference between the dates was very low while reservoirs and livers had dramatic changes. We can calculate total potential areas of distribution of moisture content within the basin and estimate the areas being sensitive to drought. Finally we can point out the sites of small rice paddies lack of water and visualize their distribution within the same basin. It can be said that multi-temporal Landsat-7 ETM+ and KOMPSAT data can be used to show broad drought with quick and simple analysis. Drought sensitiveness maps may enable the decision makers on rural water to evaluate the risk of drought and to measure mitigation, accompanied with proper data on the hydrological and climatic drought.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1994

To catch the relative importance of varietal and environmental variation in various grain quality components associated with palatability of cooked rice, grain appearance, milling recovery, several physicochemical properties of milled rice and texture or eating quality of cooked rice for rice materials of five japonica cultivars, produced at four locations of the mid-mountainous and alpine area of Korea in 1989, were evaluated and analyzed the obtained data. Highly significant varietal and locational variations were detected in 1000-grain weight, amylose content, K/Mg ratio, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosities as compared with variety x location interaction variation. Also, marked locational variations were recongnized in milling recovery from rough to brwon rice, alkali digestibility and protein content, and significant varietal variation was caught in stickiness /hardness ratio of cooked rice. The variety x location interaction variation was especially large in quality components of grain appearance and ripening, palatability of cooked rice and consistency viscosity. One thousand kernel weight was heaviest in Jinbuolbyeo and Odaebyeo, and the unfilled grain ratio was lowest in Jinbuolbyeo. Odaebyeo showed slightly' lower ratio of intact and clear milled rice because of more chalky rice kernels compared with other cultivars. Amylose content of Jinbuolbyeo and Sobaegbyeo was about 1% lower than that of others and K/Mg ratio of Odaebyeo was the lowest one among rice materials. Odaebyeo, Sobaegbyeo and Jinbuolbyeo revealed significantly low gelatinization temperature and setback viscosity while high peak and breakdown viscosities. Cholwon rice showed the greatest kernel weight, good grain filling but lowest ratio of intact and clear milled rice while Jinbu rices exhibited the highest milling recovery from rough to brown rice and ratio of sound milled rice. Amylose content of milled rice in Jinbu rices was about 2-3% lower than those in other locations. Protein content of polished rice was about 1% lower in rice materials of middle zone than those of southern part of Korea. K/Mg ratio of milled rice was highest in Jinbu rice and potassium content was slightly higher in the rice materials of middle region than in those of southern region. Alkali digestion value and gelatinization temperature of polished rice was markedly high in Jinbu rices as compared with other locations. Breakdown viscosity was hightest in Chlown rices and next higher with the order of Hwaso>Unbong>Jinbu rices, and setback viscosity was the quite contrary tendency with breakdown. The stickiness /hardness ratio of cooked rice was relatively higher value in Cholwon rices than in the others and the palatability of cooked rice was a little better in Unbong and Cholwon rices than in Jinbu and Hwaso rices, although variety x location interaction variation was large. The rice materials can be classified largely into two groups of Jinbu and the others by the distribution on the plane of 1st and 2nd principal components (about 60% of total informations) contracted from twelve grain quality properties closely associated with eating quality of cooked rice. Also, Jinbu and the other rices were divided into two and three rice groups respectively. Varietal variation of overall rice quality was smallest in Hwaso. The most superior rice group in overall quality evaluation included Odaebyeo produced at Cholwon, Unbong and Hwaso, and Sobaegbyeo grown at Unbong

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-136
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of verbal-violence prevention program on friendship and aggression of 2nd graders in elementary schools. In order to verify these purpose, total of 24 2nd graders from each different two elementary school located in the A-Gun(a rural-mountainous area) of JeollaBukdo. Out of students, 12 students were into the experimental group, while the rest of 12 students were into the control-group. Then, the experimental group participated in the verbal-violence prevention program. Both groups were pretested the questionnaire on friendship and the questionnaire on aggression. For 12 students of the experimental group, total of 10 sessions: (40 minutes per session and 2 times a week) of program were conducted. After the sessions were complete, students of two groups took the post-test for proving the effects of the program. The results through this study can be summarized as follows. First, there was a significant difference in friendship between the experimental groups which participated in the verbal-violence prevention program and the controlled group which didn't participate in any program. Second, there was a significant difference in aggression reduction between the experimental groups which participated in verbal-violence prevention program and the controlled group which didn't participate in any program.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2018

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used in various fields, such as land surveying, facility management, and disaster monitoring and restoration because it has low operational costs, fast data acquisition, and can generate a digital surface model (DSM). Recently, the UAV has been applied to process management in construction projects. Construction projects are widely distributed not only in urban areas but also in mountainous areas and rural areas where people are rarely in traffic or in vehicles. Projects range from a few hundred meters to several kilometers long. In order to perform a reconnaissance survey, a surveying method using a global positioning system (GPS) or a total station has mainly been used. However, these methods have a disadvantage in that a lot of time is required for data acquisition. This study's purpose is to evaluate the usability of a UAV DSM for surveying a construction area. Data was acquired using the UAV and a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner, and the DSM of the construction site was created through data processing. The UAV DSM showed accuracy to within 30 cm based on the 3D laser scanner data, and a process comparison between the two work methods was able to present the usability of the UAV DSM in the field of construction surveying. Future utilization of the UAV DSM is expected to greatly improve the efficiency of work in construction projects.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1996

All kinds of environmental problems are related to each local and geographical environment. For this reason, it is necessary for schools in each region to provide environmental education which suits the geographical character of their particular region. In order to provide solutions to the environmental problems of each school's geographic region, the goal of this research is as follows: 1. We can make students realize the relationship between the human race and the environment by teaching according to the environmental conditions in each local area. 2. By teaching students about the problems in their own local environment, we can increase their concern about the state of their local surroundings. 3. When teaching about the environment, it is useful to use educational material which suits the character of each local region. 4. Students' interest in environmental preservation can be aroused through extracurricular environmental activities. The ares concerned are Chonnam and Kwangju City, which are divided into urban, industrial, rural, coastal, and mountainous areas. The conclusion about considering environmental education in environmental school social studies is as follows: 1. Kwangju and Chonnam should be divided into five sections, each with similar geographical environments. This will be an improvement over the old uniform approach to environmental studies in which all regions were treated as being the same each region will now receive special attention. 2. It is necessary to maximize the efficient use of the Environmental Education Building. When Media, environmental data and special materials for environmental education are used effectively, teachers can lead class effectively and students will be more interested in the class. 3. We can detect the cause of pollution, increase interest in the environment and easily solve environmental problems by collecting and displaying environmental educational materials. 4. An environmental education corner could boost students' interest in environmental problems and could act as a kind of bridge between theoretical and practical education. 5. Media and environmental data must be specialized according to the geographic character of each region. In this way, we can expect to improve the quality of environmental education over the simplistic environmental education of previous years. 6. Students will become interested in the problems of the region in which they live through social studies, and primarily through the environmental curriculum. 7. We can prevent learning deficiencies by making a consistent teaching plan. The teaching and learning methods will be improved and the teachers will be proud of what they teach. 8. The purpose of the Education Procedure Content Analysis is to make teaching and learning concise and easy by systematizing environmental and related subjects. This can be done by adding an environmental unit to the geographic section of social studies. 9. Citizens' interest in their own residential environment can be increased through action by sustaining environmental preservation movements to local region people.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.863-878
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• 2007

The time-spatial distribution of Scrub typhus and its relationship with environmental ecology, such as climate, and habitat change are analyzed in respect of the geography of disease. Scrub typhus was firstly reported in 1951, and reemerged in 1986 mainly in southwestern Korea. later it has sharply increased and spreaded out toward whole country in 1998 and 2004, except mid-eastern mountainous region. Hwasung City is the typical example of sudden upsurge of Scrub typhus. High incidence of Scrub typhus patients might due to elevated temperature and decreased precipitation during the summer, as well as milder autumn. Sharp increase of Scrub typhus patients at rural area since 1980's might also be the result of the rapid changes of land use pattern, which eventually have contributed for the active development of dense vegetation and propagation of chigger mites around cultivated land.